Single-Photon Atomic Cooling - Raizen Lab - The University of ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

[8] S. Chu, L. Hollberg, J.E. Bjorkholm, A. Cable, and A. Ashkin, “Three- dimensional viscous confinement and cooling of atoms by resonance radiation pressure,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 48 (1985). [9] A. L. Migdall, J. V. Prodan, and W. D. Phillips, “First observation of magnetically trapped neutral atoms,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 2596 (1985). [10] E. L. Raab, M. Prentiss, A. Cable, S. Chu, and D.E. Pritchard, “Trap- ping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2631 (1987). [11] P. Lett, R. N. Watts, C. Westbrook, W. D. Phillips, P. L. Gould, and H. J. Metcalf, “Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 169 (1988). [12] J. Dalibard and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, “Laser cooling below the Doppler limit by polarization gradients: simple theoretical models,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 2023 (1989). [13] K. B. Davis, M. O. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. J. van Druten, D. S. Durfee, D. M. Kurn, and W. Ketterle, “Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3969 (1995). [14] M. H. Anderson, J. R. Ensher, M. R. Matthews, C. E. Wieman, and E. A. Cornell, “Observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in a dilute atomic vapor,” Science 269, 198 (1995). 184
[15] C. C. Bradley, C. A. Sackett, J. J. Tollett, and R. G. Hulet, “Evidence of Bose-Einstein condensation in an atomic gas with attractive interac- tions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1687 (1995). [16] G. Santarelli, P. Laurent, P. Lemonde, A. Clairon, A. G. Mann, S. Chang, A. N. Luiten, and C. Salomon, “Quantum projection noise in an atomic fountain: A high stability cesium frequency standard,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4619 (1999). [17] S. T. Cundiff, J. Ye, and J. L. Hall, “Optical frequency synthesis based on mode-locked lasers,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 3749 (2001). [18] T. W. Hansch, A. L. Schawlow, and G. W. Series, “The spectrum of atomic hydrogen,” Sci. Am. 240, 72 (1979). [19] N. J. Fisch, J. M. Rax, and I. Y. Dodin, “Current drive in a pondero- motive potential with sign reversal,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 205004 (2003). [20] A. Ruschhaupt and J. G. Muga, “Atom diode: A laser device for a unidirectional transmission of ground-state atoms,” Phys. Rev. A 70, 061604(R) (2004). [21] A. Ruschhaupt, J. G. Muga, and M. G. Raizen, “Improvement by laser quenching of an atom diode: a one-way barrier for ultra-cold atoms,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39, L133 (2006). 185
Page 1 and 2:
Copyright by Gabriel Noam Price 200
Page 3 and 4:
Single-Photon Atomic Cooling by Gab
Page 5 and 6:
Acknowledgments First, I would like
Page 7 and 8:
Rubidium group when I first joined.
Page 9 and 10:
Single-Photon Atomic Cooling Public
Page 11 and 12:
2.5.2.4 Magneto-Optical Trap . . .
Page 13 and 14:
List of Tables 2.1 87 Rb Physical P
Page 15 and 16:
3.1 Vacuum Chamber . . . . . . . .
Page 17 and 18:
Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter
Page 19 and 20:
the momentum kicks due to absorptio
Page 21 and 22:
samples by allowing for very long i
Page 23 and 24:
Figure 1.2: The energy level struct
Page 25 and 26:
quency regime [19]. This then led t
Page 27 and 28:
Figure 1.4: Depiction of a simple,
Page 29 and 30:
demonstrates the cooling power of a
Page 31 and 32:
a) b) c) external potential one-way
Page 33 and 34:
worked on by Brillouin [27-29], ide
Page 35 and 36:
the atomic ensemble. Not surprising
Page 37 and 38:
are untrappable. The SI unit for en
Page 39 and 40:
the atomic transition and is called
Page 41 and 42:
2.1 Rubidium Rubidium (Rb) is an al
Page 43 and 44:
constant which is given by α = e2
Page 45 and 46:
only one value of J is possible fro
Page 47 and 48:
the latter of which only applies to
Page 49 and 50:
Figure 2.1: 87 Rb D2 Transition Hyp
Page 51 and 52:
Pluging Eq. 2.18 into this Hamilton
Page 53 and 54:
Following the same logic leads to a
Page 55 and 56:
gF = −1/2 using the approximate e
Page 57 and 58:
mize their energy in high magnetic
Page 59 and 60:
If we now consider the field from t
Page 61 and 62:
where P is in torr. The lifetime of
Page 63 and 64:
component of the dipole oscillation
Page 65 and 66:
maxima. Our experiment makes extens
Page 67 and 68:
atoms its wavefunction Ψ(t) is typ
Page 69 and 70:
In this equation we let H = H0 + Hc
Page 71 and 72:
The significance of Isat is that at
Page 73 and 74:
Δ ω =ω−Δ ω =ω−Δ Δ
Page 75 and 76:
where I/Isat ≪ 1 has been assumed
Page 77 and 78:
λ λ Figure 2.9: The Sisyphus cool
Page 79 and 80:
process repeats. If however, it dec
Page 81 and 82:
σ σ σ Figure 2.10: Geomet
Page 83 and 84:
to vary linearly with position alon
Page 85 and 86:
0, ±1 and ∆mF = 0, ±1, allow ex
Page 87 and 88:
this figure only the relevant hyper
Page 89 and 90:
D2 transition in 87 Rb has a natura
Page 91 and 92:
2.7.2 Saturation Absorption Spectro
Page 93 and 94:
ground state depletion due to the p
Page 95 and 96:
oadened background can be removed f
Page 97 and 98:
where n is the number density of at
Page 99 and 100:
where σ 2 c = σ 2 2 kBTt n + m .
Page 101 and 102:
Chapter 3 Experimental Apparatus Th
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 3.1: The vacuum chamber duri
Page 105 and 106:
Nor-Cal Products Inc. (AMV-1502-CF)
Page 107 and 108:
and monitor the necessary vacuum le
Page 109 and 110:
3.1.3 Lower Chamber The lower chamb
Page 111 and 112:
a) top ridge 1 cm b) metal jacket h
Page 113 and 114:
to the appropriate frequency throug
Page 115 and 116:
plexiglass cover piezo U stack grat
Page 117 and 118:
λ Figure 3
Page 119 and 120:
Voltage a b c d e f Frequency Figur
Page 121 and 122:
eams. For example the MOT and optic
Page 123 and 124:
λ Figure 3.12: The slave lasers
Page 125 and 126:
λ λ λ
Page 127 and 128:
λ λ λ λ
Page 129 and 130:
needed when forming a MOT or optica
Page 131 and 132:
master laser is dithered at 20 kHz.
Page 133 and 134:
λ λ
Page 135 and 136:
Output Power > 10 W Wavelength 532
Page 137 and 138:
labeled 1, 2 and 3 in the Fig. 3.21
Page 139 and 140:
λ λ λ λ
Page 141 and 142:
process. The two coils are arranged
Page 143 and 144:
19) connected in parallel. This arr
Page 145 and 146:
3.4.2 Horizontal Imaging The horizo
Page 147 and 148:
Chapter 4 Single-Photon Atomic Cool
Page 149 and 150: 1 s, after which time ∼ 10 8 87 R
Page 151 and 152: (a) x z magnetically trapped atoms
Page 153 and 154: h x z magnetically trapped atoms y
Page 155 and 156: z y x magnetically trapped atoms cr
Page 157 and 158: Figure 4.5: The effective potential
Page 159 and 160: depopulation present and it indicat
Page 161 and 162: numbers sufficiently large to quant
Page 163 and 164: μ μ μ
Page 165 and 166: the potential landscape due to the
Page 167 and 168: Figure 4.12: The number of atoms lo
Page 169 and 170: Figure 4.13: Incremental atom captu
Page 171 and 172: netic trap and transfer into the op
Page 173 and 174: temperature TB of atoms loaded into
Page 175 and 176: used to construct it into the remai
Page 177 and 178: μ μ μ Figure 4.18: Side view of
Page 179 and 180: Figure 4.20: Geometry of the optica
Page 181 and 182: could potentially have undergone th
Page 183 and 184: detunings. The result of scattering
Page 185 and 186: are switched off causing non-optica
Page 187 and 188: Figure 4.25: Number (■) and tempe
Page 189 and 190: traps. If we model the ensembles in
Page 191 and 192: Figure 4.26: Radius of the atomic c
Page 193 and 194: atoms were removed from the magneti
Page 195 and 196: trappable |F = 1,mF = −1〉 state
Page 197 and 198: the short lived 2p state. Atoms whi
Page 199: Bibliography [1] R. Frisch, “Expe
Page 203 and 204: [31] E.T. Jaynes, “Information th
Page 205 and 206: [49] J. Ye, S. Swartz, P. Jungner,
Page 207 and 208: [66] J.P. Gordon and A. Ashkin, “
Page 209 and 210: [85] C.-S. Chuu, Direct Study of Qu
Page 211 and 212: adicals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 02
show all

Single-Photon Atomic Cooling - Raizen Lab - The University of ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?