Single-Photon Atomic Cooling - Raizen Lab - The University of ...

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The holder is placed into a bronze mounting block. Below the mounting block is a TEC, which is used to control the temperature of the laser diode in con- junction with a thermistor and temperature controller, see Fig. 3.11. The injection current into each diode is controlled with a PID loop identical to aluminum housing Brewster window diode in coll. tube and bronze holder mounting block Figure 3.11: A slave laser used in the experiment to generate sufficient resonant light. The left image shows the laser with its aluminum housing in place. The right image is taken without the aluminum housing, revealing the laser diode and mounting block. that used in the MOT master laser. Injection locking is accomplished by seeding the free-running diode lasers with a weak beam spatially matched to the diode laser output. We seed a small amount of light (∼ 2 mW) from the MOT master laser beam into each slave laser. This is done by using the optical isolators (ConOptics: 713B) placed after each slave laser. The seed light is sent into the rejection port of each optical isolator collinear to the rejected portion of the beam from the slave lasers as shown in Fig. 3.12. Because optical isolators utilize Faraday rotation to work, they rotate the polarization of light passing though them in the same direction regardless of the direction of travel. Therefore the seed 106
λ Figure 3.12: The slave lasers are injected using the rejection port of the optical isolator protecting each laser from back reflections. beam emerges from the optical isolator with the same polarization as the slave laser output. A more detailed description of the seeding procedure can be found in reference [83]. Injection locking can be understood by considering free-running laser diodes to be regenerative amplifiers with a natural oscillation frequency ω0 and output power I0. If a beam of intensity I1 is seeded into this amplifier, its intensity at the output will be |˜g(ω1)| 2 I1, where ˜g(ω1) is the frequency dependent gain of the laser medium. If ω0 (which we control with temperature and the injection current) is close to ω1 then the value of |˜g(ω1)| 2 I1 approaches I0. In this limit the amplified signal begins to steal enough gain from the lasing medium that the free-running laser oscillation dies out. Much more detail on this process can be found in [93]. The distribution of the three slave lasers is discussed in the next several 107
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Copyright by Gabriel Noam Price 200
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Single-Photon Atomic Cooling by Gab
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Acknowledgments First, I would like
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Rubidium group when I first joined.
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Single-Photon Atomic Cooling Public
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2.5.2.4 Magneto-Optical Trap . . .
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List of Tables 2.1 87 Rb Physical P
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3.1 Vacuum Chamber . . . . . . . .
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Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter
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the momentum kicks due to absorptio
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samples by allowing for very long i
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Figure 1.2: The energy level struct
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quency regime [19]. This then led t
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Figure 1.4: Depiction of a simple,
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demonstrates the cooling power of a
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a) b) c) external potential one-way
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worked on by Brillouin [27-29], ide
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the atomic ensemble. Not surprising
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are untrappable. The SI unit for en
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the atomic transition and is called
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2.1 Rubidium Rubidium (Rb) is an al
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constant which is given by α = e2
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only one value of J is possible fro
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the latter of which only applies to
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Figure 2.1: 87 Rb D2 Transition Hyp
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Pluging Eq. 2.18 into this Hamilton
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Following the same logic leads to a
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gF = −1/2 using the approximate e
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mize their energy in high magnetic
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If we now consider the field from t
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where P is in torr. The lifetime of
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component of the dipole oscillation
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maxima. Our experiment makes extens
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atoms its wavefunction Ψ(t) is typ
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In this equation we let H = H0 + Hc
Page 71 and 72: The significance of Isat is that at
Page 73 and 74: Δ ω =ω−Δ ω =ω−Δ Δ
Page 75 and 76: where I/Isat ≪ 1 has been assumed
Page 77 and 78: λ λ Figure 2.9: The Sisyphus cool
Page 79 and 80: process repeats. If however, it dec
Page 81 and 82: σ σ σ Figure 2.10: Geomet
Page 83 and 84: to vary linearly with position alon
Page 85 and 86: 0, ±1 and ∆mF = 0, ±1, allow ex
Page 87 and 88: this figure only the relevant hyper
Page 89 and 90: D2 transition in 87 Rb has a natura
Page 91 and 92: 2.7.2 Saturation Absorption Spectro
Page 93 and 94: ground state depletion due to the p
Page 95 and 96: oadened background can be removed f
Page 97 and 98: where n is the number density of at
Page 99 and 100: where σ 2 c = σ 2 2 kBTt n + m .
Page 101 and 102: Chapter 3 Experimental Apparatus Th
Page 103 and 104: Figure 3.1: The vacuum chamber duri
Page 105 and 106: Nor-Cal Products Inc. (AMV-1502-CF)
Page 107 and 108: and monitor the necessary vacuum le
Page 109 and 110: 3.1.3 Lower Chamber The lower chamb
Page 111 and 112: a) top ridge 1 cm b) metal jacket h
Page 113 and 114: to the appropriate frequency throug
Page 115 and 116: plexiglass cover piezo U stack grat
Page 117 and 118: λ Figure 3
Page 119 and 120: Voltage a b c d e f Frequency Figur
Page 121: eams. For example the MOT and optic
Page 125 and 126: λ λ λ
Page 127 and 128: λ λ λ λ
Page 129 and 130: needed when forming a MOT or optica
Page 131 and 132: master laser is dithered at 20 kHz.
Page 133 and 134: λ λ
Page 135 and 136: Output Power > 10 W Wavelength 532
Page 137 and 138: labeled 1, 2 and 3 in the Fig. 3.21
Page 139 and 140: λ λ λ λ
Page 141 and 142: process. The two coils are arranged
Page 143 and 144: 19) connected in parallel. This arr
Page 145 and 146: 3.4.2 Horizontal Imaging The horizo
Page 147 and 148: Chapter 4 Single-Photon Atomic Cool
Page 149 and 150: 1 s, after which time ∼ 10 8 87 R
Page 151 and 152: (a) x z magnetically trapped atoms
Page 153 and 154: h x z magnetically trapped atoms y
Page 155 and 156: z y x magnetically trapped atoms cr
Page 157 and 158: Figure 4.5: The effective potential
Page 159 and 160: depopulation present and it indicat
Page 161 and 162: numbers sufficiently large to quant
Page 163 and 164: μ μ μ
Page 165 and 166: the potential landscape due to the
Page 167 and 168: Figure 4.12: The number of atoms lo
Page 169 and 170: Figure 4.13: Incremental atom captu
Page 171 and 172: netic trap and transfer into the op
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temperature TB of atoms loaded into
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used to construct it into the remai
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μ μ μ Figure 4.18: Side view of
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Figure 4.20: Geometry of the optica
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could potentially have undergone th
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detunings. The result of scattering
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are switched off causing non-optica
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Figure 4.25: Number (■) and tempe
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traps. If we model the ensembles in
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Figure 4.26: Radius of the atomic c
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atoms were removed from the magneti
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trappable |F = 1,mF = −1〉 state
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the short lived 2p state. Atoms whi
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Bibliography [1] R. Frisch, “Expe
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[15] C. C. Bradley, C. A. Sackett,
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[31] E.T. Jaynes, “Information th
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[49] J. Ye, S. Swartz, P. Jungner,
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[66] J.P. Gordon and A. Ashkin, “
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[85] C.-S. Chuu, Direct Study of Qu
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adicals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 02
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