Fabian Nippgen
Fabian Nippgen
Fabian Nippgen
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What drives hydrologic response?<br />
The influence of topography and<br />
climate on Rocky Mountain<br />
catchments<br />
<strong>Fabian</strong> <strong>Nippgen</strong> – PhD Student (MSU)<br />
Brian McGlynn – (MSU)<br />
Lucy Marshall – (MSU)<br />
Ryan Emanuel – (NCSU)
Runoff (mm/24h)<br />
What drives hydrologic response?<br />
15<br />
10<br />
10<br />
5<br />
5<br />
0<br />
04/01 05/01 06/01 07/01 08/01<br />
Month/Day
• Topography<br />
• Vegetation<br />
• Geology<br />
• Climate<br />
Catchment metrics
! !. !.<br />
!.<br />
!.<br />
!.<br />
!. !.<br />
0 500 1,000 2,000 3,000<br />
Meters<br />
Tenderfoot Creek<br />
Discharge data from 7 gauged catchments<br />
Rain / Snowmelt data from 2 SNOTEL sites<br />
!<br />
±<br />
!. Flume<br />
! SNOTEL<br />
Stream<br />
Length of time series: 12 Years<br />
1m resolution LIDAR DEM<br />
Catchment Boundary<br />
25m Contours
Transfer function<br />
http://www.sharp.psu.edu/<br />
Main model parameter: Mean response time<br />
Model modified from Weiler et al, 2003
Raw transfer functions
Catchment transfer functions<br />
BUB LSC LTC MSC SPC SUN UTC<br />
13.23 9.56 11.00 10.72 18.67 18.27 14.56<br />
Differences between catchments driven<br />
by landscape structure?
Landscape structure metrics<br />
N<br />
Slope (Degree)<br />
52.4<br />
0.05<br />
Convergence (%)<br />
81.8<br />
-72.7<br />
Distance fromcreek (m)<br />
2508<br />
-100% Convergence 0% Convergence 100% Convergence<br />
0
Geology, Vegetation and Insolation<br />
Geology<br />
Wolsey Formation<br />
Flathead Sandstone<br />
Biot. horn. qua monz.<br />
Granite gneiss<br />
Insolation (kWh/year)<br />
3575<br />
2225
! !. !.<br />
Response time vs. landscape structure<br />
!.<br />
!.<br />
!.<br />
Mean Response Time (Days)<br />
!. !.<br />
14<br />
12<br />
10<br />
0 500 1,000 2,000 3,000<br />
Meters<br />
UTC<br />
5 6 7 8 9 10<br />
SLP (°)<br />
!<br />
BUB<br />
±<br />
!. Flume<br />
! SNOTEL<br />
Stream<br />
LTC<br />
Catchment Boundary<br />
25m Contours<br />
MSC<br />
LSC<br />
Mean Response Time (Days)<br />
14<br />
12<br />
10<br />
MSC<br />
LSC<br />
BUB<br />
LTC<br />
UTC<br />
400 450 500 550 600 650<br />
DFC (m)<br />
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6<br />
CON (%)<br />
Differences in hydrologic response<br />
between catchments related to<br />
differences in landscape structure<br />
Mean Response Time (Days)<br />
14<br />
12<br />
10<br />
UTC<br />
BUB<br />
LTC<br />
LSC<br />
MSC
MRT vs. geology, veg, insolation<br />
Mean Response Time (Days)<br />
Mean Response Time (Days)<br />
14<br />
12<br />
10<br />
14<br />
12<br />
10<br />
LTC<br />
LSC<br />
MSC<br />
UTC<br />
BUB<br />
3 3.2 3.4<br />
TH (m)<br />
3.6 3.8<br />
BUB<br />
UTC<br />
LTC<br />
LSC<br />
MSC<br />
3420 3430 3440 3450 3460 3470<br />
INS (kWh/year)
Annual transfer functions<br />
2001<br />
1997<br />
1997<br />
2001<br />
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009<br />
12.66 9.76 24.73 13.22 13.81 24.95 17.44 11.95 7.16 10.44 10.13 8.34<br />
Annual variability driven by climate?
Climate and hydraulic response<br />
• Strong relationship<br />
between MRT and<br />
max annual SWE<br />
(R2 =0.75)<br />
• Annual variability in<br />
response times largely<br />
a function of<br />
maximum annual SWE
MRT and runoff ratios<br />
Catchment averages Annual averages<br />
• Runoff ratios in snow dominated systems largely<br />
controlled by topography<br />
• Effect of climatic variability negligible
Summary<br />
• Mean response time is a tool to detect<br />
differences between catchments<br />
• Inter-catchment variability caused by<br />
topography<br />
• Annual variability a function of climate<br />
(at TCEF max annual SWE)<br />
<strong>Nippgen</strong> et al., Landscape structure and climate influences on hydrologic response, in review, WRR
What about the other two catchments?<br />
Mean Response Time (Days)<br />
18<br />
16<br />
UTC<br />
14<br />
12<br />
10<br />
Mean Response Time (Days)<br />
18<br />
16<br />
14<br />
BUB<br />
12<br />
10<br />
SPC<br />
BUB<br />
LTC<br />
SUN<br />
LTC<br />
SUN<br />
MSC<br />
LSC<br />
450 500 550 600<br />
HP<br />
UTC<br />
Mean Response Time (Days)<br />
MSC<br />
LSC<br />
3420 3440 3460 3480 3500<br />
INS (kWh/year)<br />
18<br />
16<br />
14<br />
SPC<br />
UTC<br />
SUN<br />
BUB<br />
Mean Response Time (Days)<br />
18<br />
16<br />
14<br />
12<br />
10<br />
SPC<br />
Mean Response Time (Days)<br />
12<br />
10<br />
LTC<br />
MSC<br />
LSC<br />
5 6 7 8 9 10<br />
SLP (°)<br />
SPC<br />
MSC<br />
18<br />
16<br />
14<br />
12<br />
10<br />
LTC<br />
SPC SUN<br />
2000 2500<br />
LI (m<br />
3000 3500<br />
2 )<br />
Mean Response Time (Days)<br />
BUB<br />
LSC<br />
400 450 500 550 600 650<br />
DFC (m)<br />
LTC<br />
MSC<br />
18<br />
SUN<br />
16<br />
14<br />
12<br />
10<br />
LSC<br />
SPC<br />
SUN<br />
UTC<br />
LTC<br />
BUB<br />
LSC<br />
UTC<br />
MSC<br />
2.5 3<br />
TH (m)<br />
3.5<br />
UTC<br />
BUB
Geology responsible for “outliers”?<br />
Payn, Gooseff, McGlynn et al, in review, WRR<br />
• SPC: Wet park<br />
area on<br />
sandstone-shale<br />
interface<br />
• Potential<br />
extensive<br />
recharge in ridge<br />
area<br />
• SUN: Fault line<br />
leads to<br />
groundwater<br />
recharge and<br />
deeper, slower<br />
flow paths
Cross-correlations between metrics<br />
• Weak negative<br />
correlations<br />
between SLP and<br />
INS<br />
• Tree height not<br />
correlated to any<br />
other metric
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