Experiments to Control Atom Number and Phase-Space Density in ...
Experiments to Control Atom Number and Phase-Space Density in ...
Experiments to Control Atom Number and Phase-Space Density in ...
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Table of Contents<br />
Acknowledgments v<br />
Abstract vii<br />
List of Tables xiii<br />
List of Figures xiv<br />
Chapter 1. Introduction 1<br />
Chapter 2. Cold A<strong>to</strong>mic Gases 3<br />
2.1 87 Rubidium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3<br />
2.2 6 Lithium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<br />
2.3 F<strong>in</strong>e <strong>and</strong> Hyperf<strong>in</strong>e Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6<br />
2.3.1 F<strong>in</strong>e Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6<br />
2.3.2 Hyperf<strong>in</strong>e Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8<br />
2.4 Branch<strong>in</strong>g Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8<br />
2.5 Magnetic Interactions with A<strong>to</strong>ms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11<br />
2.5.1 Anomalous <strong>and</strong> Normal Zeeman Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11<br />
2.5.2 Magnetic Feshbach Resonance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14<br />
2.6 Interaction of A<strong>to</strong>ms with Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16<br />
2.6.1 Near-Resonant Light - Scatter<strong>in</strong>g Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17<br />
2.6.2 Far-Detuned Light - AC Stark Shift <strong>and</strong> Optical Dipole Force . . . 17<br />
2.7 Zeeman Slower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19<br />
2.8 Optical Molasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20<br />
2.9 Magne<strong>to</strong>-Optical Trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22<br />
2.10 Evaporative Cool<strong>in</strong>g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26<br />
2.11 Degenerate Fermi Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28<br />
2.12 Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29<br />
2.12.1 Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30<br />
2.12.2 <strong>Phase</strong> Modulation Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32<br />
2.13 Imag<strong>in</strong>g Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34<br />
2.13.1 Absorption Imag<strong>in</strong>g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34<br />
2.13.2 Fluorescence Imag<strong>in</strong>g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36<br />
ix