Experiments to Control Atom Number and Phase-Space Density in ...

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aluminum housing Brewster window diode in collimation tube and bronze holder mounting block Figure 4.14: Photograph of a slave laser Injection locking is accomplished by seeding the free-running diode laser with a weak laser beam, which spatially matches the diode laser output beam. In practice about 2 mW of power is sufficient to seed the diode lasers. When the seed beam is well aligned, about 60 mW of power at a wavelength of 780 nm are created in each of the slave lasers. Injection locked lasers can be understood as regenerative amplifiers [74]. If enough light is in the seed beam, the gain medium will amplify this frequency and the free running laser oscillation will die out. The slave lasers are seeded by injecting a small amount of light into the rejection port of the optical isolator located directly behind the output, as shown in figure 4.15. Because the optical isolator uses the Faraday effect to rotate the polarization, the direction of rotation is independent of the propagation direction. Therefore the seed beam polarization matches the slave laser output polarization. to additional slave lasers Figure 4.15: Setup for injection locking the slave lasers. Figure courtesy of Gabriel Price. 59 λ TEC
4.3.1.4 Upper MOT Horizontal Slave Laser As the name indicates, the upper MOT horizontal slave laser’s main purpose is to create the horizontal upper MOT beams. A small amount of power is diverted to create the demon beam (used to drive the transition in the single-photon cooling sequence), the push beam and the vertical absorption imaging beam. A schematic of the optical layout is shown in figure 4.16. λ λ λ demon beam Figure 4.16: Upper MOT horizontal slave laser setup. Figure courtesy of Gabriel Price. After the laser beam passes through the optical isolator, the first order diffraction beam of an 80 MHz AOM is used to generate the upper MOT horizontal beams. This beam is then slightly red detuned from the |F = 2〉 → |F ′ = 3〉 transition given the right injection frequency. It passes through a second AOM, this time at a frequency of 424 MHz. The zeroth order beam forms the upper horizontal MOT beam. The -1st order beam of this beam creates the demon beam, which is slightly red detuned from the |F = 2〉 → |F ′ = 1〉 transition. A small fraction of the power of the zeroth order of the 80 MHz AOM is picked 60
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Copyright by Kirsten Viering 2012
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Experiments to Control Atom Number
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Acknowledgments First of all, I wou
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Experiments to Control Atom Number
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Table of Contents Acknowledgments v
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Chapter 7. Lithium Apparatus 92 7.1
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List of Tables 2.1 Physical propert
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4.1 Vacuum chamber . . . . . . . .
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7.39 Future vertical axis optics .
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The development of techniques to la
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Ptorr 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 260
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Property Symbol Value Reference Ato
Page 25 and 26: 2.3.2 Hyperfine Structure So far th
Page 27 and 28: The Wigner-Eckhart theorem can be u
Page 29 and 30: The total magnetic moment of an ato
Page 31 and 32: interaction. The shift in the energ
Page 33 and 34: (a) (b) scattering length a 0 Energ
Page 35 and 36: a laser field with frequency ω. Th
Page 37 and 38: Here ω0 is the resonance frequency
Page 39 and 40: Optical molasses do not provide a s
Page 41 and 42: J=1 J=0 -1 Δ σ + σ - σ - 0 +1 -
Page 43 and 44: phase-space density is defined as
Page 45 and 46: which maintains a constant η = U/k
Page 47 and 48: 2.12.1 Saturated Absorption Spectro
Page 49 and 50: Figure 2.22: Saturation absorption
Page 51 and 52: Signal 0 Signal (a) (b) Signal Freq
Page 53 and 54: (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 2.24: Absorp
Page 55 and 56: y more complex energy level structu
Page 57 and 58: ight side of the box. An irreversib
Page 59 and 60: time (a) (b) (c) Figure 3.3: Single
Page 61 and 62: them to move from B to A, but close
Page 63 and 64: Figure 4.1: Vacuum chamber. Photogr
Page 65 and 66: ( ( Figure 4.3: Helicoflex seal. (a
Page 67 and 68: 88 mm 4.2.3 Auxiliary Coils 62 mm Q
Page 69 and 70: 5 2 P 3/2 5 2 S 1/2 384. 230 484 46
Page 71 and 72: distribution of the MOT master lase
Page 73 and 74: shifts. First a frequency shift of
Page 75: transition. However, the laser freq
Page 79 and 80: provides the beam for the upper MOT
Page 81 and 82: demon beam λ λ horizontal MOT bea
Page 83 and 84: scholar, Florian Schreck. It is wri
Page 85 and 86: Atoms are then optically pumped to
Page 87 and 88: ferred into the |F = 1,mF = 0〉 or
Page 89 and 90: 5.2 Branching Ratios and Population
Page 91 and 92: effect of the reflected beam at zer
Page 93 and 94: y the repulsive trough beams, gaini
Page 95 and 96: Figure 5.9: Atom number as a functi
Page 97 and 98: Figure 5.10: Radius of the magnetic
Page 99 and 100: on the collision rate of atoms insi
Page 101 and 102: ferred via the single-photon coolin
Page 103 and 104: By comparison an atomic Fock state
Page 105 and 106: of atoms in the two hyperfine groun
Page 107 and 108: difference in the lifetimes is dete
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 7 Lithium Apparatus Creatin
Page 111 and 112: angle valve rotary feedthrough ion
Page 113 and 114: an ion gauge controller (Granville
Page 115 and 116: viewports (MDC, 450002) are attache
Page 117 and 118: not trapped by the MOT impinge on t
Page 119 and 120: Should contamination of the vacuum
Page 121 and 122: Figure 7.12: The assembled Zeeman s
Page 123 and 124: 7.2.2 MOT Coils A second set of coi
Page 125 and 126: BGauss 250 200 150 100 50 30 20 10
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are required to create the high mag
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The coils are then checked for shor
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+ B A Figure 7.23: Feshbach coil H-
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ensure that no particulates build u
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118 Figure 7.26: Optical layout of
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The error signal shows three lines,
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into the CO2 laser. The optical lay
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Thorlabs PDA10A Coupler ZDC-10-1 to
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Imaging ber Imaging ber from Imagin
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Table 7.4 summarizes the beam power
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CO2 laser 40 MHz AOM f=2 in f=2 in
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132 Figure 7.38: Optical layout aro
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Feshbach coil objective lenses atom
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MOT beams are no longer traveling a
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The second card (NI6733) offers eig
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Averaging over the magnetic subleve
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2 2 P 3/2 D 2=670.977nm 2 2 S 1/2 m
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The right hand side of equation 7.1
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= E0 1 −n2 √2 exp σ0 ± iE0
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esidual potentials besides gravitat
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Figure 8.1: MOT loading. Typical lo
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A linear ramp typically changes the
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A typical MOT is density-limited at
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ubidium [113-115] and cesium[116].
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that most of the noise is due to th
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(a) (c) y . x z X=0.0mm Z=2.5mm 1)
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Figure 8.11: Different shapes of MO
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ZnSe lens f=5 in knife edge ZnSe wi
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shown in figure 8.13. By matching t
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Figure 8.15: Atom number and temper
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275 Hz. Using these values the beam
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system. Maybe the easiest way to ac
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Appendix A Magic Wavelength of Hydr
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transitions for the excited state p
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Bibliography [1] J.J. Thomson. Cath
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[22] C.J. Foot. Atomic Physics. Oxf
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[46] E.D. Black. An introduction to
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[67] J.L. Hanssen. Controlling Atom
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[88] D.S. Naik, C.G. Peterson, A.G.
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[110] J.W. Goodman. Introduction to
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[132] C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, U.
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