Experiments to Control Atom Number and Phase-Space Density in ...

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[78] E. Narevicius, A. Libson, C.G. Parthey, I. Chavez, J. Narevicius, U. Even, and M.G. Raizen. Stopping supersonic oxygen with a series of pulsed electromagnetic coils: A molecular coilgun. Phys. Rev. A, 77:051401, 2008. [79] E. Lavert-Ofir, S. Gersten, A.B. Henson, I. Shani, L. David, J. Narevicius, and E. Narevicius. A moving magnetic trap decelerator: a new source of cold atoms and molecules. New Journal of Physics, 13:103030, 2011. [80] A. Libson, S.T. Bannerman, R.J. Clark, T.R. Mazur, and M.G. Raizen. The atomic coilgun and single-photon cooling. Hyperfine Interactions, 2012. 10.1007/ s10751-012-0586-7. [81] C.K. Hong and L. Mandel. Experimental realization of a localized one-photon state. Phys. Rev. Lett., 56:58, 1986. [82] B.T.H. Varcoe, S. Brattke, M. Weidinger, and H. Walther. Preparing pure photon number states of the radiation field. Nature, 403:743, 2000. [83] J. McKeever, J.R. Buck, A.D. Boozer, A. Kuzmich, H.-C. Naegerl, D.M. Stamper- Kurn, and H.J. Kimble. State-Insensitive Cooling and Trapping of Single Atoms in an Optical Cavity. Phys. Rev. Lett., 90:133602, 2003. [84] C. Brunel, B. Lounis, P. Tamarat, and M. Orrit. Triggered Source of Single Photons based on Controlled Single Molecule Fluorescence. Phys. Rev. Lett., 83:2722, 1999. [85] A.I. Lvovsky, H. Hansen, T. Aichele, O. Benson, J. Mlynek, and S. Schiller. Quan- tum State Reconstruction of the Single-Photon Fock State. Phys. Rev. Lett., 87:050402, 2001. [86] P. Bertet, A. Auffeves, P. Maioli, S. Osnaghi, T. Meunier, M. Brune, J.M. Rai- mond, and S. Haroche. Direct Measurement of the Wigner Function of a One- Photon Fock State in a Cavity. Phys. Rev. Lett., 89:200402, 2002. [87] W. Tittel, J. Brendel, H. Zbinden, and N. Gisin. Quantum Cryptography Using Entangled Photons in Energy-Time Bell States. Phys. Rev. Lett., 84:4737, 2000. 185
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Copyright by Kirsten Viering 2012
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Experiments to Control Atom Number
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Acknowledgments First of all, I wou
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Experiments to Control Atom Number
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Table of Contents Acknowledgments v
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Chapter 7. Lithium Apparatus 92 7.1
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List of Tables 2.1 Physical propert
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4.1 Vacuum chamber . . . . . . . .
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7.39 Future vertical axis optics .
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The development of techniques to la
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Ptorr 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 260
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Property Symbol Value Reference Ato
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2.3.2 Hyperfine Structure So far th
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The Wigner-Eckhart theorem can be u
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The total magnetic moment of an ato
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interaction. The shift in the energ
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(a) (b) scattering length a 0 Energ
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a laser field with frequency ω. Th
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Here ω0 is the resonance frequency
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Optical molasses do not provide a s
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J=1 J=0 -1 Δ σ + σ - σ - 0 +1 -
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phase-space density is defined as
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which maintains a constant η = U/k
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2.12.1 Saturated Absorption Spectro
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Figure 2.22: Saturation absorption
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Signal 0 Signal (a) (b) Signal Freq
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 2.24: Absorp
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y more complex energy level structu
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ight side of the box. An irreversib
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time (a) (b) (c) Figure 3.3: Single
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them to move from B to A, but close
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Figure 4.1: Vacuum chamber. Photogr
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( ( Figure 4.3: Helicoflex seal. (a
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88 mm 4.2.3 Auxiliary Coils 62 mm Q
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5 2 P 3/2 5 2 S 1/2 384. 230 484 46
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distribution of the MOT master lase
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shifts. First a frequency shift of
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transition. However, the laser freq
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4.3.1.4 Upper MOT Horizontal Slave
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provides the beam for the upper MOT
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demon beam λ λ horizontal MOT bea
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scholar, Florian Schreck. It is wri
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Atoms are then optically pumped to
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ferred into the |F = 1,mF = 0〉 or
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5.2 Branching Ratios and Population
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effect of the reflected beam at zer
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y the repulsive trough beams, gaini
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Figure 5.9: Atom number as a functi
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Figure 5.10: Radius of the magnetic
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on the collision rate of atoms insi
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ferred via the single-photon coolin
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By comparison an atomic Fock state
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of atoms in the two hyperfine groun
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difference in the lifetimes is dete
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Chapter 7 Lithium Apparatus Creatin
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angle valve rotary feedthrough ion
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an ion gauge controller (Granville
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viewports (MDC, 450002) are attache
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not trapped by the MOT impinge on t
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Should contamination of the vacuum
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Figure 7.12: The assembled Zeeman s
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7.2.2 MOT Coils A second set of coi
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BGauss 250 200 150 100 50 30 20 10
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are required to create the high mag
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The coils are then checked for shor
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+ B A Figure 7.23: Feshbach coil H-
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ensure that no particulates build u
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118 Figure 7.26: Optical layout of
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The error signal shows three lines,
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into the CO2 laser. The optical lay
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Thorlabs PDA10A Coupler ZDC-10-1 to
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Imaging ber Imaging ber from Imagin
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Table 7.4 summarizes the beam power
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CO2 laser 40 MHz AOM f=2 in f=2 in
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132 Figure 7.38: Optical layout aro
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Page 153 and 154: MOT beams are no longer traveling a
Page 155 and 156: The second card (NI6733) offers eig
Page 157 and 158: Averaging over the magnetic subleve
Page 159 and 160: 2 2 P 3/2 D 2=670.977nm 2 2 S 1/2 m
Page 161 and 162: The right hand side of equation 7.1
Page 163 and 164: = E0 1 −n2 √2 exp σ0 ± iE0
Page 165 and 166: esidual potentials besides gravitat
Page 167 and 168: Figure 8.1: MOT loading. Typical lo
Page 169 and 170: A linear ramp typically changes the
Page 171 and 172: A typical MOT is density-limited at
Page 173 and 174: ubidium [113-115] and cesium[116].
Page 175 and 176: that most of the noise is due to th
Page 177 and 178: (a) (c) y . x z X=0.0mm Z=2.5mm 1)
Page 179 and 180: Figure 8.11: Different shapes of MO
Page 181 and 182: ZnSe lens f=5 in knife edge ZnSe wi
Page 183 and 184: shown in figure 8.13. By matching t
Page 185 and 186: Figure 8.15: Atom number and temper
Page 187 and 188: 275 Hz. Using these values the beam
Page 189 and 190: system. Maybe the easiest way to ac
Page 191 and 192: Appendix A Magic Wavelength of Hydr
Page 193 and 194: transitions for the excited state p
Page 195 and 196: Bibliography [1] J.J. Thomson. Cath
Page 197 and 198: [22] C.J. Foot. Atomic Physics. Oxf
Page 199 and 200: [46] E.D. Black. An introduction to
Page 201: [67] J.L. Hanssen. Controlling Atom
Page 205 and 206: [110] J.W. Goodman. Introduction to
Page 207: [132] C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, U.
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