Experiments to Control Atom Number and Phase-Space Density in ...

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[34] T.B. Ottenstein. Few-body physics in ultracold Fermi gases. PhD thesis, Univer- sity of Heidelberg, 2010. [35] H.J. Metcalf, and P. van der Straten. Laser cooling and trapping. Springer, New York, 1999. [36] R. Grimm, M. Weidemueller, and Y.B. Ovchinnikov. Optical dipole traps for neutral atoms. Adv. At., Mol. and Opt. Phys., 42:95, 2000. [37] E.L. Raab, M. Prentiss, A. Cable, S. Chu, and D.E. Pritchard. Trapping of Neutral Sodium Atoms with Radiation Pressure. Phys. Rev. Lett., 59:2631, 1987. [38] C.G. Townsend, N.H. Edwards, C.J. Cooper, K.P. Zetie, C.J. Foot, A.M. Steane, P. Szriftgiser, H. Perrin, and J. Dalibard. Phase-space density in the magneto- optical trap. Phys. Rev. A, 52:1423, 1995. [39] S.R. Granade, M.E. Gehm, K.M. O’Hara, and J.E. Thomas. All-Optical Produc- tion of a Degenerate Fermi Gas. Phys. Rev. Lett., 88:120405, 2002. [40] K.M. O’Hara, M.E. Gehm, S.R. Granade, and J.E. Thomas. Scaling laws for evaporative cooling in time-dependent optical traps. Phys. Rev. A, 64:051403, 2001. [41] L. Luo, B. Clancy, J. Joseph, J. Kinast, A. Turlapov, and J.E. Thomas. Evapo- rative cooling of unitary Fermi gas mixtures in optical traps. New Jour. Phys., 8:213, 2006. [42] K. Huang. Statistical Mechanics. John Wiley and Sons, 1987. [43] C.J. Pethick and H. Smith. Bose-Einstein Condensation in Dilute Gases. Cam- bridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002. [44] W. Demtroeder. Laser Spectroscopy: basic concepts and instrumentation. Springer, Berlin, 2003. [45] F. Riehle. Frequency Standards. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2004. 181
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Copyright by Kirsten Viering 2012
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Experiments to Control Atom Number
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Acknowledgments First of all, I wou
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Experiments to Control Atom Number
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Table of Contents Acknowledgments v
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Chapter 7. Lithium Apparatus 92 7.1
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List of Tables 2.1 Physical propert
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4.1 Vacuum chamber . . . . . . . .
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7.39 Future vertical axis optics .
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The development of techniques to la
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Ptorr 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 260
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Property Symbol Value Reference Ato
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2.3.2 Hyperfine Structure So far th
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The Wigner-Eckhart theorem can be u
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The total magnetic moment of an ato
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interaction. The shift in the energ
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(a) (b) scattering length a 0 Energ
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a laser field with frequency ω. Th
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Here ω0 is the resonance frequency
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Optical molasses do not provide a s
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J=1 J=0 -1 Δ σ + σ - σ - 0 +1 -
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phase-space density is defined as
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which maintains a constant η = U/k
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2.12.1 Saturated Absorption Spectro
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Figure 2.22: Saturation absorption
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Signal 0 Signal (a) (b) Signal Freq
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 2.24: Absorp
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y more complex energy level structu
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ight side of the box. An irreversib
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time (a) (b) (c) Figure 3.3: Single
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them to move from B to A, but close
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Figure 4.1: Vacuum chamber. Photogr
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( ( Figure 4.3: Helicoflex seal. (a
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88 mm 4.2.3 Auxiliary Coils 62 mm Q
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5 2 P 3/2 5 2 S 1/2 384. 230 484 46
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distribution of the MOT master lase
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shifts. First a frequency shift of
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transition. However, the laser freq
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4.3.1.4 Upper MOT Horizontal Slave
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provides the beam for the upper MOT
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demon beam λ λ horizontal MOT bea
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scholar, Florian Schreck. It is wri
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Atoms are then optically pumped to
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ferred into the |F = 1,mF = 0〉 or
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5.2 Branching Ratios and Population
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effect of the reflected beam at zer
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y the repulsive trough beams, gaini
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Figure 5.9: Atom number as a functi
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Figure 5.10: Radius of the magnetic
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on the collision rate of atoms insi
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ferred via the single-photon coolin
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By comparison an atomic Fock state
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of atoms in the two hyperfine groun
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difference in the lifetimes is dete
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Chapter 7 Lithium Apparatus Creatin
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angle valve rotary feedthrough ion
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an ion gauge controller (Granville
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viewports (MDC, 450002) are attache
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not trapped by the MOT impinge on t
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Should contamination of the vacuum
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Figure 7.12: The assembled Zeeman s
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7.2.2 MOT Coils A second set of coi
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BGauss 250 200 150 100 50 30 20 10
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are required to create the high mag
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The coils are then checked for shor
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+ B A Figure 7.23: Feshbach coil H-
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ensure that no particulates build u
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118 Figure 7.26: Optical layout of
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The error signal shows three lines,
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into the CO2 laser. The optical lay
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Thorlabs PDA10A Coupler ZDC-10-1 to
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Imaging ber Imaging ber from Imagin
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Table 7.4 summarizes the beam power
Page 147 and 148: CO2 laser 40 MHz AOM f=2 in f=2 in
Page 149 and 150: 132 Figure 7.38: Optical layout aro
Page 151 and 152: Feshbach coil objective lenses atom
Page 153 and 154: MOT beams are no longer traveling a
Page 155 and 156: The second card (NI6733) offers eig
Page 157 and 158: Averaging over the magnetic subleve
Page 159 and 160: 2 2 P 3/2 D 2=670.977nm 2 2 S 1/2 m
Page 161 and 162: The right hand side of equation 7.1
Page 163 and 164: = E0 1 −n2 √2 exp σ0 ± iE0
Page 165 and 166: esidual potentials besides gravitat
Page 167 and 168: Figure 8.1: MOT loading. Typical lo
Page 169 and 170: A linear ramp typically changes the
Page 171 and 172: A typical MOT is density-limited at
Page 173 and 174: ubidium [113-115] and cesium[116].
Page 175 and 176: that most of the noise is due to th
Page 177 and 178: (a) (c) y . x z X=0.0mm Z=2.5mm 1)
Page 179 and 180: Figure 8.11: Different shapes of MO
Page 181 and 182: ZnSe lens f=5 in knife edge ZnSe wi
Page 183 and 184: shown in figure 8.13. By matching t
Page 185 and 186: Figure 8.15: Atom number and temper
Page 187 and 188: 275 Hz. Using these values the beam
Page 189 and 190: system. Maybe the easiest way to ac
Page 191 and 192: Appendix A Magic Wavelength of Hydr
Page 193 and 194: transitions for the excited state p
Page 195 and 196: Bibliography [1] J.J. Thomson. Cath
Page 197: [22] C.J. Foot. Atomic Physics. Oxf
Page 201 and 202: [67] J.L. Hanssen. Controlling Atom
Page 203 and 204: [88] D.S. Naik, C.G. Peterson, A.G.
Page 205 and 206: [110] J.W. Goodman. Introduction to
Page 207: [132] C. Degenhardt, H. Stoehr, U.
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