Experiments to Control Atom Number and Phase-Space Density in ...
Experiments to Control Atom Number and Phase-Space Density in ...
Experiments to Control Atom Number and Phase-Space Density in ...
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ZnSe lens<br />
f=5 <strong>in</strong><br />
knife edge<br />
ZnSe w<strong>in</strong>dow<br />
t=3mm<br />
CaF 2 w<strong>in</strong>dow<br />
t=5mm<br />
ZnSe lens<br />
f=1 <strong>in</strong><br />
IR Pho<strong>to</strong>detec<strong>to</strong>r<br />
Figure 8.12: CO2 noise measurement setup. The beam is first attenuated with a beamsplitter<br />
reflect<strong>in</strong>g 99%, transmitt<strong>in</strong>g 1% of the power (not shown). The beam is then<br />
focused by the same lens as it is <strong>in</strong> the experimental setup <strong>to</strong> create the optical dipole<br />
trap. The ZnSe w<strong>in</strong>dow simulates the viewport. A second ZnSe lens focuses the light<br />
on<strong>to</strong> the IR pho<strong>to</strong>detec<strong>to</strong>r. In order <strong>to</strong> not exceed the maximum <strong>in</strong>tensity at the pho<strong>to</strong>detec<strong>to</strong>r<br />
a CaF2 w<strong>in</strong>dow is placed <strong>in</strong> the beam path. The thickness of the w<strong>in</strong>dow is<br />
chosen such that it absorbs enough power <strong>to</strong> not damage the pho<strong>to</strong>diode while transmitt<strong>in</strong>g<br />
enough power for a good signal <strong>to</strong> noise ratio. The knife edge is <strong>in</strong>serted at the<br />
focus of the beam <strong>to</strong> block half the light for the measurement of spatial fluctuations.<br />
used <strong>to</strong> further reduce the power <strong>in</strong> the CO2 laser beam <strong>to</strong> a value below the pho<strong>to</strong>diode<br />
saturation value. CaF2 absorbs light at 10.6 µm, the absorption coefficient is 3.6 cm −1<br />
[119], so the thickness has <strong>to</strong> be chosen correctly as <strong>to</strong> reduce the beam power sufficiently<br />
<strong>and</strong> at the same time ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g the best beam power <strong>to</strong> optimize the signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise<br />
ratio on the pho<strong>to</strong>diode. A second ZnSe lens (f = 1 <strong>in</strong>) is used <strong>to</strong> collect the light <strong>and</strong><br />
focus it on<strong>to</strong> the pho<strong>to</strong>detec<strong>to</strong>r.<br />
A reduced lifetime could not only stem from <strong>in</strong>tensity noise, but also <strong>in</strong> position<br />
noise of the laser foces. To measure position noise the option of <strong>in</strong>sert<strong>in</strong>g a knife-edge<br />
at the focus of the laser beam, block<strong>in</strong>g half the beam power, is added. Any additional<br />
<strong>in</strong>tensity fluctuations as compared <strong>to</strong> the case without the knife-edge then have <strong>to</strong> be<br />
due <strong>to</strong> changes <strong>in</strong> the position of the focus of the laser beam or <strong>to</strong> vibrations of the<br />
knife-edge itself.<br />
Figure 8.13 shows the measured noise spectrum of the laser beam after pass<strong>in</strong>g<br />
through the CO2 AOM (blue) <strong>and</strong> the background noise spectrum (green). Clearly<br />
there is noise around 1 kHz, close <strong>to</strong> the expected trapp<strong>in</strong>g frequency of the dipole trap.<br />
(Measur<strong>in</strong>g the position noise spectrum only reveals fluctuations due <strong>to</strong> vibrations of<br />
the knife-edge, with is confirmed by tak<strong>in</strong>g the measurement with two knife-edges of<br />
164