Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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Table 2. Nutritive quality of Cratylia argentea at two ages of regrowth and three cutting heights during 1999-2000 (Esparza, Costa Rica). Age of regrowth (days) 60 a 90 b Quality (%) 30 Cutting height (cm) 60 90 58 Average Crude protein 17.4 a* 17.2 a 17.7 a 17.4 NDF 53.5 a 55.9 a 58.3 a 55.9 ADF 43.1 a 43.0 a 44.1 a 43.4 Lignin 14.8 a 16.0 a 16.1 a 15.6 Crude protein 15.4 a 15.0 b 15.6 b 15.3 NDF 58.6 b 58.5 a 61.2 a 59.4 ADF 44.9 a 44.7 a 44.1 a 44.6 Lignin 15.8 a 16.3 a 16.2 a 16.1 a. Average of 11 cuttings. b. Average of 8 cuttings. * Averages in the same column followed by the same letters do not differ significantly (P < 0.05), according to Duncan´s test. The CP content in C. argentea varies broadly from 25% at 12 weeks of age (Franco, 1997) to 20% at 8 weeks regrowth (Valerio, 1994). Xavier and Carbalho (1995) reported that, at 84 days, nitrogen content of C. argentea is low, approximately 3%, which is equivalent to 20% CP. These values are within the limits observed for other tropical legumes. Franco(1997) found CP values of 23% at 2 months regrowth and values of 21% at 3 months regrowth. These values were higher than those found in the present study. Significant differences in NDF content occurred between the two ages of regrowth when the cutting height was 30 cm (P = 0.0245). However, the highest NDF values always occurred in cuttings at 90 days because the amount of woody material is greater then (Figure 2). In addition to the contribution of C. argentea to the quality of forage-onoffer, in the analysis carried out in 1999 soil OM increased 1% (3.1% in 1996 vs. 4.1% in 1999) because of the high amounts of recycled material, especially leaves.
Percentage 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Figure 2. Average percentage of neutral detergent fiber in forage of Cratylia argentea harvested at two ages of regrowth and three cutting heights (Esparza, Costa Rica). Conclusions 60 days regrowth 90 days regrowth 30 60 90 Cutting height (cm) The following conclusions can be reached: • At 60 days regrowth, C. argentea produces good quality forage, regardless of the cutting height. Plant CP content was not affected by cutting height, but NDF content was. At greater regrowth age, dry matter production was higher, protein content was lower, and percentage NDF was greater. • C. argentea cut at 90 days regrowth and at a height of 90 cm produces good DM production of acceptable quality. • Soil OM content at sites where C. argentea is established increased by 1% between 1996 and 1999. • Because of the high forage production of this legume during the rainy season, a uniformity cut should be performed at the beginning of season to ensilage material and use it during the dry season. In case this is not feasible, a uniformity cut should be performed at the end of 59
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Int
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Holmann, Federico and Lascano, Carl
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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
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At the CIAT-Quilichao station (Depa
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In collaboration with Nicaragua’s
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(Continued) Component Activity Outs
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Activity 2.1. On-farm evaluation of
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FINAL REPORT OF THE TROPILECHE CONS
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RESEARCH RESULTS Component 1: Optim
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during the rainy season, samplings
Page 21 and 22: Ncidence (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 23 and 24: Table 3. Effect of three types of p
Page 25 and 26: References Cipagauta, M.; Velasquez
Page 27 and 28: Table 1. Effect of incorporating St
Page 29 and 30: Evaluation of Milk Production Syste
Page 31 and 32: Table 2. Quality of milk produced b
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Effect of level and freque
Page 35 and 36: Effects of Feeding Fresh and Ensile
Page 37 and 38: Table 1. Daily intake of dry matter
Page 39 and 40: argentea (taking into account cutti
Page 41 and 42: Evaluation of Cratylia argentea as
Page 43 and 44: A 3 x 3 Latin square changeover des
Page 45 and 46: argentea is recommended over the us
Page 47 and 48: The silos were left to ferment for
Page 49 and 50: References Argel, P. J. and Lascano
Page 51 and 52: y the Grain and Seed Research Cente
Page 53 and 54: Table 2. Yields per hectare in diff
Page 55 and 56: Table 1. Treatments evaluated for m
Page 57 and 58: Table 3. Dry matter and crude prote
Page 59 and 60: Activity 1.3 Functional relationshi
Page 61 and 62: increase in milk yield when offered
Page 63 and 64: Milk Production in Dual-Purpose Cow
Page 65 and 66: associated pasture. Also, the perce
Page 67 and 68: that of cows grazing sole cropped p
Page 69 and 70: Effect of Age of Regrowth and Cutti
Page 71: Average DM yields/plant at 60 days
Page 75 and 76: Effect of Supplementing Fresh and E
Page 77 and 78: Table 1. Average milk production, t
Page 79 and 80: Lucas, H. L. 1983. Design and analy
Page 81 and 82: U = overall mean Tj = effect of the
Page 83 and 84: In the case of king grass, estimate
Page 85 and 86: Milk production during the season o
Page 87 and 88: Jorge Vela IIAP, Peru Use of Stylos
Page 89 and 90: Use of Stylosanthes guianensis with
Page 91 and 92: Activity 2.3. Integration of inform
Page 93 and 94: Application of the Model to Researc
Page 95 and 96: Table 3. Actual and predicted milk
Page 97 and 98: Usefulness of the CNCPS Model The T
Page 99 and 100: Annual Meeting February 1998, Costa
Page 101 and 102: Regional Consultation Meeting Octob
Page 103 and 104: Ex-Ante Analysis of New Forage Alte
Page 105 and 106: Resource prices and capital investm
Page 107 and 108: Table 3. Direct production costs, g
Page 109 and 110: Production costs decreased as produ
Page 111 and 112: Ex-ante analysis for Nicaragua. The
Page 113 and 114: Real interest (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 115 and 116: With this alternative, the milk pro
Page 117 and 118: Early Adoption of Arachis pintoi in
Page 119 and 120: Table 2. Change in area of improved
Page 121 and 122: Table 5. Profitability of Arachis p
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with a dry season between May and A
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From 21% to 73% of the farmers grew
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Research Recommendations Based on r
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Materials and Methods Data for this
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Prices of Inputs/Outputs and Use of
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Table 3. Amount of feed supplements
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adoption level requires the lowest
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Table 6. Use of a simulation model
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The production cost/kg milk was low
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level of adoption can be regarded a
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income was lower or equal to 6 mont
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Table 10. Annual seed requirements
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Nicaragua. In addition, this level
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Analysis of the Milk Market of Smal
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Results and Discussion Collection o
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Table 2. Characteristics of milk an
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The third need identified in Hondur
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artisan cheese factories milk with
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Tropileche Newsletter Federico Holm
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Tropileche on Internet Anderson Med
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Production of Brochures for Extensi
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with heavy soils and frequent rains
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systems, its use by ruminants can b
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Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 26110: Cu
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growing this cultivar in Costa Rica
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Technical bulletins Argel, P. J. an
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International Seminars Argel, P. J.
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LIST OF PROJECT PROPOSALS DEVELOPED
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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