Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Rica, 47 ha in Honduras, and 97 ha in Nicaragua, whereas for sugarcane 374 ha are needed in Costa Rica, 61 ha in Honduras, and 800 ha in Nicaragua. Strategy to Promote the Adoption of New Technologies The requirements to reach a level of adoption similar to Level 1 are relatively easy to achieve given the large benefits that can be obtained in terms of reduced production costs and increased cash flow due to the substitution of purchased inputs with improved germplasm. Use of family labor, frequently underutilized or with a very low opportunity cost, especially in Nicaragua and Honduras, is more efficient. The strategy to ensure successful adoption of Level 1 and subsequent advance toward other levels of adoption consists in establishing strategic alliances with organized farmers groups and/or extension agencies. These alliances allow the: • Identification of producers interested in establishing seed multiplication plots on their farms so that they become facilitators for the local expansion of new areas in each region, and • Creation of a followup mechanism to find markets for the seed produced, by identifying early adopters. Conclusions The potential benefits that result from the progressive adoption of new forage options based on grasses and legumes validated by the Tropileche Consortium include the following: • Level 1 of adoption (new germplam based on Cratylia and sugarcane to substitute feed supplements for herds) allows producers in all three countries to completely eliminate the need to purchase feed supplements for the herd, especially during the dry season. This effect has a large impact on the cash flow of producers because milk production cost can be reduced by 14% in Costa Rica, by 25% in Honduras, and by 11% in Nicaragua. • Level 2 of adoption (areas of Cratylia and sugarcane similar to Level 1, plus variable areas of Brachiaria in each country) not only offers the benefits obtained with Level 1, but also allows the producer to maintain the same milk production and herd size in a smaller area, thus releasing areas to be allocated to other alternative uses. The released areas vary from 9% in the case of Honduras to 39% in Costa Rica and 45% in 132
Nicaragua. In addition, this level of adoption reduces milk production cost as compared to Level 1 by an additional 11% in Costa Rica, 8% in Honduras, and 12% in Nicaragua. • Level 3 of adoption (areas of Cratylia and sugarcane larger than in Levels 1 and 2, plus pastures of Brachiaria +Arachis in association) presents the most intensive productivity and requires the highest level of capital investment. The highest milk productivity/ha is achieved with this level of adoption—1,390 kg/ha in Costa Rica, 1,530 kg/ha in Honduras, and 964 kg/ha in Nicaragua—as well as the highest stocking rate—1.56 AU/ha in Costa Rica, 1.58 AU/ha in Honduras, and 1.95 AU/ha in Nicaragua. • The potential impact that can be achieved by adopting these technologies at the regional level is significant. The required amount of investment to achieve Level 1 in Costa Rica was US$6.4 million; in Honduras, US$2.7 million; and in Nicaragua, US$5.1 million. Because of the reduced production cost, it was possible to obtain an additional annual net income in all regions studied: US$11.9 million in Costa Rica, US$12.6 million in Honduras, and US$9.9 million in Nicaragua. Thus, the potential benefit is quite large regarding the investment, and could be paid back in less than 1 year (Table 9). • The investment required at the regional level to reach Level 2 of adoption amounted to US$41.7 million in Costa Rica, US$5.9 million in Honduras, and US$53.8 million in Nicaragua. The marginal income per year expected by the reduction in production cost amounted to US$15.1 million in Costa Rica, US$12.9 million in Honduras, and US$17.0 million in Nicaragua. • The resources required to obtain Level 3 of adoption were estimated at US$55.7 million in Costa Rica, US$8.2 million in Honduras, and US$82 million in Nicaragua, and the additional annual income that can be obtained by reduction in production cost and higher milk sales represented US$29.6 million in Costa Rica, US$14.3 million in Honduras, and US$30.7 million in Nicaragua. • To promote the adoption of these technologies at the regional level, a strategy must be designed to establish alliances with organized farmers groups and/or extension agencies, as well as a mechanism to supply seed to producers, especially of C. argentea and sugarcane. The availability of seed of Brachiaria and A. pintoi does not represent a constraint. 133
Page 1 and 2:
Feeding Systems with Legumes to Int
Page 3 and 4:
Holmann, Federico and Lascano, Carl
Page 5 and 6:
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Page 7 and 8:
At the CIAT-Quilichao station (Depa
Page 9 and 10:
In collaboration with Nicaragua’s
Page 11 and 12:
(Continued) Component Activity Outs
Page 13 and 14:
Activity 2.1. On-farm evaluation of
Page 15 and 16:
FINAL REPORT OF THE TROPILECHE CONS
Page 17 and 18:
RESEARCH RESULTS Component 1: Optim
Page 19 and 20:
during the rainy season, samplings
Page 21 and 22:
Ncidence (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 23 and 24:
Table 3. Effect of three types of p
Page 25 and 26:
References Cipagauta, M.; Velasquez
Page 27 and 28:
Table 1. Effect of incorporating St
Page 29 and 30:
Evaluation of Milk Production Syste
Page 31 and 32:
Table 2. Quality of milk produced b
Page 33 and 34:
Table 1. Effect of level and freque
Page 35 and 36:
Effects of Feeding Fresh and Ensile
Page 37 and 38:
Table 1. Daily intake of dry matter
Page 39 and 40:
argentea (taking into account cutti
Page 41 and 42:
Evaluation of Cratylia argentea as
Page 43 and 44:
A 3 x 3 Latin square changeover des
Page 45 and 46:
argentea is recommended over the us
Page 47 and 48:
The silos were left to ferment for
Page 49 and 50:
References Argel, P. J. and Lascano
Page 51 and 52:
y the Grain and Seed Research Cente
Page 53 and 54:
Table 2. Yields per hectare in diff
Page 55 and 56:
Table 1. Treatments evaluated for m
Page 57 and 58:
Table 3. Dry matter and crude prote
Page 59 and 60:
Activity 1.3 Functional relationshi
Page 61 and 62:
increase in milk yield when offered
Page 63 and 64:
Milk Production in Dual-Purpose Cow
Page 65 and 66:
associated pasture. Also, the perce
Page 67 and 68:
that of cows grazing sole cropped p
Page 69 and 70:
Effect of Age of Regrowth and Cutti
Page 71 and 72:
Average DM yields/plant at 60 days
Page 73 and 74:
Percentage 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 F
Page 75 and 76:
Effect of Supplementing Fresh and E
Page 77 and 78:
Table 1. Average milk production, t
Page 79 and 80:
Lucas, H. L. 1983. Design and analy
Page 81 and 82:
U = overall mean Tj = effect of the
Page 83 and 84:
In the case of king grass, estimate
Page 85 and 86:
Milk production during the season o
Page 87 and 88:
Jorge Vela IIAP, Peru Use of Stylos
Page 89 and 90:
Use of Stylosanthes guianensis with
Page 91 and 92:
Activity 2.3. Integration of inform
Page 93 and 94:
Application of the Model to Researc
Page 95 and 96: Table 3. Actual and predicted milk
Page 97 and 98: Usefulness of the CNCPS Model The T
Page 99 and 100: Annual Meeting February 1998, Costa
Page 101 and 102: Regional Consultation Meeting Octob
Page 103 and 104: Ex-Ante Analysis of New Forage Alte
Page 105 and 106: Resource prices and capital investm
Page 107 and 108: Table 3. Direct production costs, g
Page 109 and 110: Production costs decreased as produ
Page 111 and 112: Ex-ante analysis for Nicaragua. The
Page 113 and 114: Real interest (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 115 and 116: With this alternative, the milk pro
Page 117 and 118: Early Adoption of Arachis pintoi in
Page 119 and 120: Table 2. Change in area of improved
Page 121 and 122: Table 5. Profitability of Arachis p
Page 123 and 124: with a dry season between May and A
Page 125 and 126: From 21% to 73% of the farmers grew
Page 127 and 128: Research Recommendations Based on r
Page 129 and 130: Materials and Methods Data for this
Page 131 and 132: Prices of Inputs/Outputs and Use of
Page 133 and 134: Table 3. Amount of feed supplements
Page 135 and 136: adoption level requires the lowest
Page 137 and 138: Table 6. Use of a simulation model
Page 139 and 140: The production cost/kg milk was low
Page 141 and 142: level of adoption can be regarded a
Page 143 and 144: income was lower or equal to 6 mont
Page 145: Table 10. Annual seed requirements
Page 149 and 150: Analysis of the Milk Market of Smal
Page 151 and 152: Results and Discussion Collection o
Page 153 and 154: Table 2. Characteristics of milk an
Page 155 and 156: The third need identified in Hondur
Page 157 and 158: artisan cheese factories milk with
Page 159 and 160: Tropileche Newsletter Federico Holm
Page 161 and 162: Tropileche on Internet Anderson Med
Page 163 and 164: Production of Brochures for Extensi
Page 165 and 166: with heavy soils and frequent rains
Page 167 and 168: systems, its use by ruminants can b
Page 169 and 170: Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 26110: Cu
Page 171 and 172: growing this cultivar in Costa Rica
Page 173 and 174: Technical bulletins Argel, P. J. an
Page 175 and 176: International Seminars Argel, P. J.
Page 177 and 178: LIST OF PROJECT PROPOSALS DEVELOPED
show all

Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?