Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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Potential benefits of new forage germplasm in dual-purpose cattle farms in the dry tropics of Costa Rica, Honduras, and Nicaragua 114 Analysis of the milk market of small-scale artisan cheese factories in watersheds of Honduras and Nicaragua involved in livestock production 135 Activity 3.2. Dissemination of research results 144 Tropileche Newsletter 145 Database on dual-purpose cattle production systems 146 Tropileche on Internet 147 Videotape production 148 Production of brochures for extension agents 149 Cratylia argentea: a shrub legume for livestock production in the tropics 150 Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 26110: Cultivar Toledo 155 Publications 158 Book chapters 158 Books 158 Technical bulletins 159 Articles in scientific journals 160 Articles in popular magazines 160 Posters 160 International seminars 161 Workshop proceedings 162 Video 162 Tropileche Newsletter 162 List of project proposals developed 163 Tropileche collaborators 164 xiii Page
FINAL REPORT OF THE TROPILECHE CONSORTIUM Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms (A project executed by the Tropileche Consortium) Federico Holmann and Carlos Lascano Introduction The main objective of the Tropileche Consortium is to increase milk and beef production of dual-purpose livestock in smallholder farms by developing improved forage-based feeding systems. The value of livestock production in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) represents nearly 13% of the world production and 47% of the production in developing countries. Milk and meat provide 20% of the protein consumed by the region’s population. However, LAC has a 12% deficit in milk production, which is currently compensated by imports. The livestock population in LAC is about 330 million head and nearly 78% of this population is in the hands of small farmers with dual-purpose cattle systems (i.e., producing milk and beef from the same system). The dual-purpose cattle system accounts for 42% of the milk produced in the region. In addition, there are 590 million hectares of pastureland, most of which is in advanced stage of degradation. Tropileche is a CIAT-led consortium that operates under the Systemwide Livestock Programme (SLP) convened by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). The Consortium initially selected the dry hillsides of Costa Rica (Central America) and the forest margins of the Peruvian Amazon as benchmark sites for its activities. In these areas, characterized by their fragility and severe erosion, livestock production is an important form of land use and a key economic activity for smallholder wellbeing. The Consortium later extended its activities to the hillsides of Nicaragua and Honduras and the forest margins of Colombia. In the forest margins, milk production is limited by degraded pastures, which translates into low-quality feed and low feed on offer from degraded 1
Page 1 and 2: Feeding Systems with Legumes to Int
Page 3 and 4: Holmann, Federico and Lascano, Carl
Page 5 and 6: List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Page 7 and 8: At the CIAT-Quilichao station (Depa
Page 9 and 10: In collaboration with Nicaragua’s
Page 11 and 12: (Continued) Component Activity Outs
Page 13: Activity 2.1. On-farm evaluation of
Page 17 and 18: RESEARCH RESULTS Component 1: Optim
Page 19 and 20: during the rainy season, samplings
Page 21 and 22: Ncidence (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 23 and 24: Table 3. Effect of three types of p
Page 25 and 26: References Cipagauta, M.; Velasquez
Page 27 and 28: Table 1. Effect of incorporating St
Page 29 and 30: Evaluation of Milk Production Syste
Page 31 and 32: Table 2. Quality of milk produced b
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Effect of level and freque
Page 35 and 36: Effects of Feeding Fresh and Ensile
Page 37 and 38: Table 1. Daily intake of dry matter
Page 39 and 40: argentea (taking into account cutti
Page 41 and 42: Evaluation of Cratylia argentea as
Page 43 and 44: A 3 x 3 Latin square changeover des
Page 45 and 46: argentea is recommended over the us
Page 47 and 48: The silos were left to ferment for
Page 49 and 50: References Argel, P. J. and Lascano
Page 51 and 52: y the Grain and Seed Research Cente
Page 53 and 54: Table 2. Yields per hectare in diff
Page 55 and 56: Table 1. Treatments evaluated for m
Page 57 and 58: Table 3. Dry matter and crude prote
Page 59 and 60: Activity 1.3 Functional relationshi
Page 61 and 62: increase in milk yield when offered
Page 63 and 64: Milk Production in Dual-Purpose Cow
Page 65 and 66:
associated pasture. Also, the perce
Page 67 and 68:
that of cows grazing sole cropped p
Page 69 and 70:
Effect of Age of Regrowth and Cutti
Page 71 and 72:
Average DM yields/plant at 60 days
Page 73 and 74:
Percentage 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 F
Page 75 and 76:
Effect of Supplementing Fresh and E
Page 77 and 78:
Table 1. Average milk production, t
Page 79 and 80:
Lucas, H. L. 1983. Design and analy
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U = overall mean Tj = effect of the
Page 83 and 84:
In the case of king grass, estimate
Page 85 and 86:
Milk production during the season o
Page 87 and 88:
Jorge Vela IIAP, Peru Use of Stylos
Page 89 and 90:
Use of Stylosanthes guianensis with
Page 91 and 92:
Activity 2.3. Integration of inform
Page 93 and 94:
Application of the Model to Researc
Page 95 and 96:
Table 3. Actual and predicted milk
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Usefulness of the CNCPS Model The T
Page 99 and 100:
Annual Meeting February 1998, Costa
Page 101 and 102:
Regional Consultation Meeting Octob
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Ex-Ante Analysis of New Forage Alte
Page 105 and 106:
Resource prices and capital investm
Page 107 and 108:
Table 3. Direct production costs, g
Page 109 and 110:
Production costs decreased as produ
Page 111 and 112:
Ex-ante analysis for Nicaragua. The
Page 113 and 114:
Real interest (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 115 and 116:
With this alternative, the milk pro
Page 117 and 118:
Early Adoption of Arachis pintoi in
Page 119 and 120:
Table 2. Change in area of improved
Page 121 and 122:
Table 5. Profitability of Arachis p
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with a dry season between May and A
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From 21% to 73% of the farmers grew
Page 127 and 128:
Research Recommendations Based on r
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Materials and Methods Data for this
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Prices of Inputs/Outputs and Use of
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Table 3. Amount of feed supplements
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adoption level requires the lowest
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Table 6. Use of a simulation model
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The production cost/kg milk was low
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level of adoption can be regarded a
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income was lower or equal to 6 mont
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Table 10. Annual seed requirements
Page 147 and 148:
Nicaragua. In addition, this level
Page 149 and 150:
Analysis of the Milk Market of Smal
Page 151 and 152:
Results and Discussion Collection o
Page 153 and 154:
Table 2. Characteristics of milk an
Page 155 and 156:
The third need identified in Hondur
Page 157 and 158:
artisan cheese factories milk with
Page 159 and 160:
Tropileche Newsletter Federico Holm
Page 161 and 162:
Tropileche on Internet Anderson Med
Page 163 and 164:
Production of Brochures for Extensi
Page 165 and 166:
with heavy soils and frequent rains
Page 167 and 168:
systems, its use by ruminants can b
Page 169 and 170:
Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 26110: Cu
Page 171 and 172:
growing this cultivar in Costa Rica
Page 173 and 174:
Technical bulletins Argel, P. J. an
Page 175 and 176:
International Seminars Argel, P. J.
Page 177 and 178:
LIST OF PROJECT PROPOSALS DEVELOPED
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