Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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Table 3. Ranking of experiences with Arachis pintoi by producers in Caquetá, Colombia, in 1997. Ranking Producers Percent (no.) (%) Excellent 10 26.3 Good 19 50.0 Regular 4 10.5 Bad 1 0.6 Do not know yet 4 1.5 Total 38 100.0 Table 4. Causes of unsatisfaction from producers who have used Arachis pintoi in Caqueta, Colombia, in 1997. Cause of dissatisfaction Producers Percent (no.) (%) Benefits not clearly identified 4 50.0 No progress observed 2 25.0 Not consumed by cattle 1 12.0 Tends to disappear 1 12.0 Total 8 100.0 Of 68 early adopters, 58 (85%) said they were willing to expand planted areas and would increase, over the next 3 years, the area planted to Arachis by 11 ha/farm in year 1, by another 10 ha/farm in year 2, and 11 ha more during year 3. Technical and economic viability of A. pintoi-based technology. The technology of grass-legume pastures, using A. pintoi, is economically attractive for the Caquetá region. Its profitability, expressed as internal rate of return, is substantially higher than that of traditional technology based on improved grass pastures alone (Table 5). 106
Table 5. Profitability of Arachis pintoi mixed with different Brachiaria species in Caquetá, Colombia, during 1996. Type of pasture Establishment Milk yield Stocking Internal rate cost (kg/cow per rate of return (US$/ha) day) (AU/ha) (%) B. decumbens 158 3 1 12.0 B. decumbens + A pintoi B. humidicola + A. pintoi B. dictyoneura + A. pintoi 282 3.5 1.5 19.3 337 3.5 2.0 21.8 368 3.5 2.0 21.1 Changing traditional technology to a grass-legume association with Arachis substantially increases establishment cost from US$157/ha (B. decumbens alone) to US$368/ha (B. dictyoneura + A. pintoi). In addition to the substantial increase in establishment cost, the increase in stocking rate also implies the need to purchase more cattle. In view of the current situation of Colombia, where high real interest rates prevail, new, low-cost alternatives must be identified to establish improved forage alternatives. Although the quality of commercial seed used in Caquetá is high in terms of purity and germination, its local price is high compared with neighboring countries such as Bolivia. The cost/kg of A. pintoi in the region ranged from US$20 to US$25/kg during the study, while that of Bolivian seed cost around US$15/kg. Despite the attributes of A. pintoi, its cost is substantially higher than that of other forage legumes used in the region, for example Pueraria phaseoloides (kudzu), Centrosema macrocarpum, and Desmodium ovalifolium, whose costs ranged between US$12 and US$15/kg. The reduced economic activity in Colombia and the farmers’ scarce knowledge of this new material affect its rate of adoption. Information on the use, management, and potential of Arachis should be diffused broadly to accelerate its adoption rate; seed costs must also be lowered to reduce establishment costs. 107
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Int
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Holmann, Federico and Lascano, Carl
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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
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At the CIAT-Quilichao station (Depa
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In collaboration with Nicaragua’s
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(Continued) Component Activity Outs
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Activity 2.1. On-farm evaluation of
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FINAL REPORT OF THE TROPILECHE CONS
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RESEARCH RESULTS Component 1: Optim
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during the rainy season, samplings
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Ncidence (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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Table 3. Effect of three types of p
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References Cipagauta, M.; Velasquez
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Table 1. Effect of incorporating St
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Evaluation of Milk Production Syste
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Table 2. Quality of milk produced b
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Table 1. Effect of level and freque
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Effects of Feeding Fresh and Ensile
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Table 1. Daily intake of dry matter
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argentea (taking into account cutti
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Evaluation of Cratylia argentea as
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A 3 x 3 Latin square changeover des
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argentea is recommended over the us
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The silos were left to ferment for
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References Argel, P. J. and Lascano
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y the Grain and Seed Research Cente
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Table 2. Yields per hectare in diff
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Table 1. Treatments evaluated for m
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Table 3. Dry matter and crude prote
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Activity 1.3 Functional relationshi
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increase in milk yield when offered
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Milk Production in Dual-Purpose Cow
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associated pasture. Also, the perce
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that of cows grazing sole cropped p
Page 69 and 70: Effect of Age of Regrowth and Cutti
Page 71 and 72: Average DM yields/plant at 60 days
Page 73 and 74: Percentage 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 F
Page 75 and 76: Effect of Supplementing Fresh and E
Page 77 and 78: Table 1. Average milk production, t
Page 79 and 80: Lucas, H. L. 1983. Design and analy
Page 81 and 82: U = overall mean Tj = effect of the
Page 83 and 84: In the case of king grass, estimate
Page 85 and 86: Milk production during the season o
Page 87 and 88: Jorge Vela IIAP, Peru Use of Stylos
Page 89 and 90: Use of Stylosanthes guianensis with
Page 91 and 92: Activity 2.3. Integration of inform
Page 93 and 94: Application of the Model to Researc
Page 95 and 96: Table 3. Actual and predicted milk
Page 97 and 98: Usefulness of the CNCPS Model The T
Page 99 and 100: Annual Meeting February 1998, Costa
Page 101 and 102: Regional Consultation Meeting Octob
Page 103 and 104: Ex-Ante Analysis of New Forage Alte
Page 105 and 106: Resource prices and capital investm
Page 107 and 108: Table 3. Direct production costs, g
Page 109 and 110: Production costs decreased as produ
Page 111 and 112: Ex-ante analysis for Nicaragua. The
Page 113 and 114: Real interest (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 115 and 116: With this alternative, the milk pro
Page 117 and 118: Early Adoption of Arachis pintoi in
Page 119: Table 2. Change in area of improved
Page 123 and 124: with a dry season between May and A
Page 125 and 126: From 21% to 73% of the farmers grew
Page 127 and 128: Research Recommendations Based on r
Page 129 and 130: Materials and Methods Data for this
Page 131 and 132: Prices of Inputs/Outputs and Use of
Page 133 and 134: Table 3. Amount of feed supplements
Page 135 and 136: adoption level requires the lowest
Page 137 and 138: Table 6. Use of a simulation model
Page 139 and 140: The production cost/kg milk was low
Page 141 and 142: level of adoption can be regarded a
Page 143 and 144: income was lower or equal to 6 mont
Page 145 and 146: Table 10. Annual seed requirements
Page 147 and 148: Nicaragua. In addition, this level
Page 149 and 150: Analysis of the Milk Market of Smal
Page 151 and 152: Results and Discussion Collection o
Page 153 and 154: Table 2. Characteristics of milk an
Page 155 and 156: The third need identified in Hondur
Page 157 and 158: artisan cheese factories milk with
Page 159 and 160: Tropileche Newsletter Federico Holm
Page 161 and 162: Tropileche on Internet Anderson Med
Page 163 and 164: Production of Brochures for Extensi
Page 165 and 166: with heavy soils and frequent rains
Page 167 and 168: systems, its use by ruminants can b
Page 169 and 170: Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 26110: Cu
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growing this cultivar in Costa Rica
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Technical bulletins Argel, P. J. an
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International Seminars Argel, P. J.
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LIST OF PROJECT PROPOSALS DEVELOPED
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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