Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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production levels of 2,000 kg/lactation, the situation would have been even more viable. The MAG-WFP dairy development project in Nicaragua offers credits to small milk producers at a real interest rate of 10% with a 5-year payback period, although the allowable maximum amount is up to US$3,000/farm. This was an excellent opportunity for small producers to adopt these new improved forage-based technological alternatives, which allow them to significantly improve their competitiveness and income by reducing production costs. Cost (US$/kg) 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 1000 1500 2000 Cost (kg/lactation) Jaragua + concentrate/chicken manure Brachiaria + Cratylia +sugarcane Jaragua + Cratylia + sugarcane Brachiaria + Arachis +Cratylia + sugarcane Figure 4. Milk production costs in Nicaragua, assuming the same herd size. Ex-ante analysis for Peru. The case of Pucallpa, Peru, is different from that of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. A characteristic of this region is the higher annual precipitation (2,000 mm vs 1,200 mm in Costa Rica and Nicaragua) and its more even distribution. In consequence, the dry season in Pucallpa is only 3 months long and not 6 months as in the case of Esparza (Costa Rica) and Esquipulas (Nicaragua). As a result, the climatic conditions in Pucallpa allow pastures to grow year-round. 98
Real interest (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 5 6 7 8 9 10 Payback period (years) 1,000 kg/lactation 1,500 kg/lactation 2,000 kg/lactation Figure 5. Real interest rate which could be paid by adopting Cratylia + sugarcane, based on cow productivity in Nicaragua. Another important characteristic in Pucallpa is that the production/cow is very low (3 kg/cow per day, Table 1), especially in the dry season when it is practically nill. This characteristic can be due to several factors: (a) low genetic potential for milk production, (b) little availability of nutrients in grasses due to high pasture degradation in low fertility soils, and (c) a very limited market for raw milk. Regarding the last factor, daily production of fresh milk in the area of Pucallpa is about 2,500 kg and the cattle inventory decreased from 82,000 heads in 1986 to 26,000 at present as a consequence of terrorist activities and cattle rustling. The city of Pucallpa, with a population of 300,000, does not have a milk processing plant. As a result, consumption of milk in Pucallpa is mostly in the form of evaporated milk imported from other cities of the country. This situation has accustomed the population to drink pasteurized milk. As a result, the market for raw milk is very small. Four of the nine 99
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Int
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Holmann, Federico and Lascano, Carl
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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
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At the CIAT-Quilichao station (Depa
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In collaboration with Nicaragua’s
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(Continued) Component Activity Outs
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Activity 2.1. On-farm evaluation of
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FINAL REPORT OF THE TROPILECHE CONS
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RESEARCH RESULTS Component 1: Optim
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during the rainy season, samplings
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Ncidence (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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Table 3. Effect of three types of p
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References Cipagauta, M.; Velasquez
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Table 1. Effect of incorporating St
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Evaluation of Milk Production Syste
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Table 2. Quality of milk produced b
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Table 1. Effect of level and freque
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Effects of Feeding Fresh and Ensile
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Table 1. Daily intake of dry matter
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argentea (taking into account cutti
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Evaluation of Cratylia argentea as
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A 3 x 3 Latin square changeover des
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argentea is recommended over the us
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The silos were left to ferment for
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References Argel, P. J. and Lascano
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y the Grain and Seed Research Cente
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Table 2. Yields per hectare in diff
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Table 1. Treatments evaluated for m
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Table 3. Dry matter and crude prote
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Activity 1.3 Functional relationshi
Page 61 and 62: increase in milk yield when offered
Page 63 and 64: Milk Production in Dual-Purpose Cow
Page 65 and 66: associated pasture. Also, the perce
Page 67 and 68: that of cows grazing sole cropped p
Page 69 and 70: Effect of Age of Regrowth and Cutti
Page 71 and 72: Average DM yields/plant at 60 days
Page 73 and 74: Percentage 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 F
Page 75 and 76: Effect of Supplementing Fresh and E
Page 77 and 78: Table 1. Average milk production, t
Page 79 and 80: Lucas, H. L. 1983. Design and analy
Page 81 and 82: U = overall mean Tj = effect of the
Page 83 and 84: In the case of king grass, estimate
Page 85 and 86: Milk production during the season o
Page 87 and 88: Jorge Vela IIAP, Peru Use of Stylos
Page 89 and 90: Use of Stylosanthes guianensis with
Page 91 and 92: Activity 2.3. Integration of inform
Page 93 and 94: Application of the Model to Researc
Page 95 and 96: Table 3. Actual and predicted milk
Page 97 and 98: Usefulness of the CNCPS Model The T
Page 99 and 100: Annual Meeting February 1998, Costa
Page 101 and 102: Regional Consultation Meeting Octob
Page 103 and 104: Ex-Ante Analysis of New Forage Alte
Page 105 and 106: Resource prices and capital investm
Page 107 and 108: Table 3. Direct production costs, g
Page 109 and 110: Production costs decreased as produ
Page 111: Ex-ante analysis for Nicaragua. The
Page 115 and 116: With this alternative, the milk pro
Page 117 and 118: Early Adoption of Arachis pintoi in
Page 119 and 120: Table 2. Change in area of improved
Page 121 and 122: Table 5. Profitability of Arachis p
Page 123 and 124: with a dry season between May and A
Page 125 and 126: From 21% to 73% of the farmers grew
Page 127 and 128: Research Recommendations Based on r
Page 129 and 130: Materials and Methods Data for this
Page 131 and 132: Prices of Inputs/Outputs and Use of
Page 133 and 134: Table 3. Amount of feed supplements
Page 135 and 136: adoption level requires the lowest
Page 137 and 138: Table 6. Use of a simulation model
Page 139 and 140: The production cost/kg milk was low
Page 141 and 142: level of adoption can be regarded a
Page 143 and 144: income was lower or equal to 6 mont
Page 145 and 146: Table 10. Annual seed requirements
Page 147 and 148: Nicaragua. In addition, this level
Page 149 and 150: Analysis of the Milk Market of Smal
Page 151 and 152: Results and Discussion Collection o
Page 153 and 154: Table 2. Characteristics of milk an
Page 155 and 156: The third need identified in Hondur
Page 157 and 158: artisan cheese factories milk with
Page 159 and 160: Tropileche Newsletter Federico Holm
Page 161 and 162: Tropileche on Internet Anderson Med
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Production of Brochures for Extensi
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with heavy soils and frequent rains
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systems, its use by ruminants can b
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Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 26110: Cu
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growing this cultivar in Costa Rica
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Technical bulletins Argel, P. J. an
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International Seminars Argel, P. J.
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LIST OF PROJECT PROPOSALS DEVELOPED
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