FOC_25_Epidendroidea..

252
EPIDENDROIDEAE
apically broadened into an ovate blade; blade spreading, apical margin sometimes slightly undulate or involute, with a pubescent
patch on disk; spurlike process adpressed to abaxial surface of blade, cornute, with a large mouth, apex tapering and 2-lobed. Column
erect, slightly curved, with long, broad wings; anther subterminal; pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, waxy, sessile on a square viscidium. Capsule
ellipsoid.
One species: circumboreal across North America, Scandinavia, and Asia, and in montane parts of North America and Asia.
1. Calypso bulbosa (Linnaeus) Oakes var. speciosa (Schlechter)
Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 3: 25. 1926.
布袋兰 bu dai lan
Calypso speciosa Schlechter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Veg. Beih. 4: 228. 1919; Cytherea speciosa (Schlechter) Makino.
Tuber ovoid to narrowly oblong, 1–3 × 0.5–0.9 cm, few
noded. Leaf dark green, ovate or ovate-elliptic, 3.4–4.5 × 1.8–
2.8 cm, base subtruncate, apex acute; petiole-like stalk 2–4.5
cm. Inflorescence 10–14 cm, much taller than leaf, with 2 or 3
tubular sheaths; floral bract lanceolate, 15–18 × 1–2.2 mm,
membranous, basal half tubular and embracing pedicel. Flower
25–40 mm in diam.; pedicel and ovary 17–20 mm, slender. Sepals
and petals pale pinkish purple, linear-lanceolate, 14–18 ×
1.5–3 mm, apex acute or acuminate; lip 12–20 × 8–14 mm;
spurlike process extending beyond apex of blade, white with
ochre-brown striations and tinged pale yellow toward apex, 14–
23 × 6–10 mm; auricles suberect, pale whitish pink, triangular,
3–4 × 5–6 mm; blade pale whitish pink with 3 clusters of white
or pale yellow barbate hairs at base, 8–11 × ca. 5 mm. Column
7–10 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun. 2n = 28, 38.
Picea and other coniferous forests; 2900–3200 m. Gansu, Jilin,
Nei Mongol, NW Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan [Japan].
Flowers of the Chinese plants possess a longer spurlike process
that extends beyond the apex of the lip blade and are generally paler in
color than the widespread European and N Asian typical variety of this
species. Further critical comparison with authentic material of Calypso
bulbosa var. speciosa from Japan would be desirable.
87. CHANGNIENIA S. S. Chien, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 10: 89. 1935.
独花兰属 du hua lan shu
Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi); Phillip J. Cribb, Stephan W. Gale
Herbs, terrestrial, small, with subterranean pseudobulbs. Pseudobulbs cormlike, often persisting and forming a chain, few
noded, with a solitary leaf and a solitary inflorescence at apex. Leaf blade elliptic to broadly ovate, plicate, base abruptly contracted
into a long petiole-like stalk, apex acute. Inflorescence erect, terminal, with 2 or 3 tubular sheaths, 1-flowered. Flower terminal,
rather large, resupinate. Sepals and petals free, spreading, similar. Petals slightly wider and shorter than sepals; lip relatively large, 3lobed,
spurred at base; spur ± hornlike, thick and large, attenuate toward apex; disk with lamellae. Column erect, incurved, winged;
anther incumbent; pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, waxy, directly attached to a subsquare viscidium.
● One species: China.
1. Changnienia amoena S. S. Chien, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci.
Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 10: 90. 1935.
独花兰 du hua lan
Pseudobulb nearly pale yellowish white, subellipsoid to
broadly ovoid, 1.5–2.5 × 1–2 cm, fleshy, 2- or 3-noded, ± covered
with membranous sheaths, with a solitary leaf at apex.
Leaf blade spreading, recurved, abaxially purplish red, adaxially
dark green, broadly ovate-elliptic to broadly elliptic, 6.5–
11.5 × 5–8.2 cm, base rounded or subtruncate, apex acute or
shortly acuminate; petiole-like base suberect, purple, channeled,
3.5–8 cm. Inflorescence purple, 10–17 cm, with 2 or 3 membranous,
amplexicaul sheaths; sheaths 3–4 cm; floral bract deciduous,
small. Flower spreading, large, white or pink, lip white
with purplish red spots in basal 2/3; pedicel and ovary 7–9 mm.
Sepals oblong-lanceolate, 27–33 × 7–9 mm, 5–7-veined, apex
obtuse; lateral sepals slightly oblique. Petals narrowly obovatelanceolate,
slightly oblique, 25–30 × 12–14 mm, 7-veined, apex
obtuse; lip oblate-orbicular in outline, slightly shorter than petals,
3-lobed, spurred at base; lateral lobes erect, ovate-triangular,
oblique, 11–14 × 10–13 mm, apex acute; mid-lobe
spreading horizontally, broadly obovate, ca. 8 × 12 mm, margin
irregularly undulate-incised, apex truncate and emarginate; disk
with 5 short lamellae between lateral lobes; spur slightly incurved,
narrowly obconic, 20–23 × 7–10 mm, attenuate toward
apex, apex obtuse. Column 18–21 mm, winged. Fl. Apr. 2n =
46*.
● Humus-rich soil in open forests, shaded places along valleys;
400–1100(–1800) m. Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi,
Sichuan, Zhejiang.
88. CORALLORHIZA Gagnebin, Acta Helv. Phys.-Math. 2: 61. 1755 [“Corallorrhiza”],
nom. cons.
珊瑚兰属 shan hu lan shu
Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb
Herbs, leafless, heteromycotrophic. Rhizome coralloid, usually branching extensively, fleshy; roots absent. Stems erect, some-