FOC_25_Epidendroidea..

obliquely triangular, 6–7 mm, margin involute, apex obtuse to
acute; free portion of petals concave, ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, apex
obtuse to acute; lip simple, oblong-rhombic, ca. 15 × 5–6 mm,
glabrous, base shortly clawed, margin erose toward apex; claw
with a pair of lunar calli at base; disk with 2 yellowish, slightly
raised longitudinal ridges. Column 7–8 mm; column foot short;
stigma linear, narrow. Capsule obovoid, ca. 20 × 7–8 mm. Fl.
and fr. Mar–Apr. 2n = 36*.
● 1600–1800 m. NW and SE Yunnan.
5. Gastrodia elata Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 174. 1856.
天麻 tian ma
Gastrodia elata f. alba S. Chow; G. elata f. flavida S.
Chow; G. elata f. glauca S. Chow; G. elata var. gracilis Pampanini;
G. elata f. pilifera Tuyama; G. elata f. viridis (Makino)
Makino; G. elata var. viridis (Makino) Makino; G. mairei
Schlechter; G. viridis Makino.
Plants 30–100 cm, rarely to 200 cm tall. Rhizomes usually
ellipsoid, 8–12 cm, stout, 3–5(–7) cm in diam., sometimes
larger, fleshy, densely noded, with triangular or broadly ovate
scales at nodes. Peduncle orange, yellow, grayish brown, or
greenish, 25–80(–150) cm, with several membranous sheaths
toward base; rachis 5–30(–50) cm, subdensely to densely 20–
50-flowered; floral bracts oblong-lanceolate, 10–16 mm, often
exceeding ovary, membranous, apex acuminate. Flowers suberect,
resupinate, opening weakly, orange, pale yellow, bluish
green, or yellowish white; pedicel and ovary 7–12 mm. Perianth
tube urceolate, 8–10 × 5–7 mm, with a deep sinus between
lateral sepals, base inflated, outer surface smooth; free portion
of sepals ovate-triangular, 3–5 mm, apex obtuse; free portion of
petals suboblong, smaller than sepal lobes, apex acute; lip
obscurely 3-lobed, oblong-ovoid, 6–7 × 3–4 mm, glabrous, base
clawed, apical margin irregularly fimbriate; claw with a pair of
gibbous foldings; disk papillose, with a pair of fleshy reniform
calli. Column 5–7 mm; column foot short. Capsule obovoidellipsoid,
14–18 × 8–9 mm. Fl. and fr. May–Jul. 2n = 24, 30,
36.
Sparse forests, open places in forests, forest margins, thicket
margins; 400–3200 m. Anhui, N Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan,
Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol,
Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan,
NE India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Russia (Far East)].
This species is widely cultivated for its tubers (tianma) that are
used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of convulsive disorders
such as epilepsy.
6. Gastrodia flavilabella S. S. Ying, Quart. J. Chin. Forest. 17:
83. 1984.
夏天麻 xia tian ma
Plants 40–100 cm tall. Rhizome 4–10 cm, stout, 0.6–1.6
cm in diam., with many coral-like roots. Peduncle lower part
yellowish brown, dull purplish brown above, to ca. 70 cm, with
several scalelike sheaths; rachis 7–25 cm, laxly 7–20-flowered;
floral bracts caducous, ovate-lanceolate, apex acute. Flowers
spreading or nodding, resupinate, yellowish green, lip yellowish;
pedicel and ovary ca. 6 mm; pedicel not elongating in
EPIDENDROIDEAE
203
fruit. Perianth tube urceolate, 10–11 mm, with a deep sinus
between lateral sepals, base inflated, outer surface smooth; free
portion of sepals ovate, 2.5–4 mm, apex rounded; free portion
of petals ovate to suborbicular, much smaller than sepal lobes;
lip simple, obovate or obovate-oblong, 6–7 × 5–6 mm, glabrous,
base shortly clawed, apical margin entire; claw with a
pair of ellipsoid calli; disk with a pair of large, fleshy reniform
calli near apex. Column pale green, ca. 7 mm, winged; column
foot prominent; stigma rounded. Capsule dark brown, ellipsoid,
ca. 15 mm. Fl. Jul.
● Open humid places in forests; 1100–1300 m. C Taiwan.
7. Gastrodia menghaiensis Z. H. Tsi & S. C. Chen, Acta
Phytotax. Sin. 32: 559. 1994.
勐海天麻 meng hai tian ma
Plants 13–30 cm tall. Rhizome subellipsoid, 1–2.5 cm,
rather stout, 0.5–1 cm in diam., with a few roots. Peduncle
brown to gray, 10–25 cm, with 5–7 cylindric, membranous
sheaths below middle; rachis 2–5 cm, laxly 3–10-flowered;
floral bracts brownish, ovate, 3–4 mm, apex acute. Flowers
suberect, not opening widely, white; pedicel and ovary 4–5 mm;
pedicel elongating to ca. 2.2 cm in fruit. Perianth tube cylindric,
8–12 mm, lacking a deep sinus between lateral sepals, outer
surface smooth; free portion of sepals deltoid, 1.5–2 mm, margin
crisped, apex obtuse-rounded; free portion of petals orbicular,
much smaller than sepal lobes, margin crisped, apex
rounded; lip shallowly 3-lobed, broadly ovate, 2–2.8 × 1.8–2.2
mm, glabrous, base long clawed, margin denticulate, apex obtuse;
claw ca. 4.5 × 1 mm, connate to inner surface of perianth
tube for its entire length, with a pair of calli at base; disk with a
fleshy longitudinal ridge. Column 4–5 mm, winged, papillate at
base; column foot short or inconspicuous. Capsule ellipsoid,
15–18 × 5–8 mm. Fl. and fr. Sep–Oct.
● Forests; ca. 1200 m. S Yunnan (Menghai).
8. Gastrodia peichatieniana S. S. Ying, Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan
2: 690. 1987 [“peichatieniana” and “peichiatieniana”].
北插天天麻 bei cha tian tian ma
Gastrodia autumnalis T. P. Lin.
Plants 10–40 cm tall. Rhizome 1.8–2.6 cm, 0.5–0.8 cm in
diam., fleshy, villous. Peduncle pale whitish brown, 20–32 cm,
3- or 4-noded, with several sheaths at base; sheaths not persistent;
rachis 1–6 cm, subdensely 2–8-flowered; floral bracts pale
brown, narrowly oblong-ovate, 2.5–4 mm, apex acute. Flowers
erect, not resupinate, not opening widely, white, sometimes
tinged brown; pedicel and ovary white, tinged pale brown, 7–9
mm; pedicel elongating in fruit. Perianth tube cylindric, 5–8
mm, slender, lacking a deep sinus between lateral sepals, outer
surface smooth; free portion of sepals deltoid, 0.8–1.5 mm,
margin crisped; free portion of petals elliptic or suborbicular,
smaller than sepal lobes, margin crisped; lip connate with
perianth tube for most of its length, only apical portion free;
free portion of lip exserted at sinus between lateral sepals, simple,
ovate, slightly concave, small, glabrous, sometimes absent.
Column 4–6 mm, with glandular spots on ventral surface toward
base; column wings 1–1.5 mm wide; column foot short.
Capsule ellipsoid, to 20 mm. Fl. Oct.