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390<br />
acute; mentum conic, ca. 4 mm. Petals obovate-elliptic, ca. 8 ×<br />
3 mm, 5-veined, margin near apex sometimes laxly shortly ciliate,<br />
apex obtuse; lip obovate-triangular, ca. 9 mm, base cuneate,<br />
apex 3-lobe; lateral lobes ovate-triangular, margin with dense,<br />
matted, long white cottony hairs, apex sharply toothed; midlobe<br />
ovate-triangular, margin similarly hairy, obtuse; disk<br />
EPIDENDROIDEAE<br />
densely villous, with a broadly keeled rib extending from base<br />
to apex, apex thickened. Column short; column teeth triangular,<br />
acute.<br />
Epiphytic on tree trunks in open and mountain forests; ca. 1800 m.<br />
S Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines,<br />
Thailand].<br />
8. Dendrobium sect. Calcarifera J. J. Smith, Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 15: 14. 1908.<br />
长爪石斛组 chang zhao shi hu zu<br />
Roots verrucose in most species. Stems often pendulous, slender or fusiform, leafy, semideciduous, often pseudoindeterminate<br />
(growing more than 1 year). Inflorescences multiple short lateral racemes borne on penultimate and older leafless canes, usually<br />
pendulous, in some species geotropic, flowers facing horizontally. Flowers medium-sized to rather large, opening widely, mostly purple,<br />
pink, or white. Pedicel inserted at a right angle to mentum. Mentum elongated and narrow, sometimes angled or curled, nectar<br />
copious in most species. Lip usually entire, expanded; disk with grooves, ridges, or rarely hairs; claw usually containing a small<br />
retrorse spur overhanging nectary. Pollinia usually light colored, shiny.<br />
About 90 species: India to the Philippines, mostly in Indonesia and the Philippines; one species in China.<br />
56. Dendrobium chameleon Ames, Orchidaceae 2: 174. 1908.<br />
长爪石斛 chang zhao shi hu<br />
Dendrobium longicalcaratum Hayata; D. randaiense Hayata;<br />
Pedilonum longicalcaratum (Hayata) Rauschert.<br />
Stems pendulous, to 60 cm, thicker from base, multibranched,<br />
each branch ca. 15 cm, with many nodes, internodes<br />
obconic-cylindric, ca. 1 cm, ca. 5 mm in diam. Leaves lanceolate<br />
or oblong-lanceolate, 3–3.5 × 0.6–1.5(or more) cm, base<br />
contracted and enlarged into sheaths, apex acuminate or sometimes<br />
unequally bilobed; leaf sheath tightly embracing stem.<br />
Inflorescences lateral on previous year’s leafless stems, 1–3 cm,<br />
1–4-flowered; floral bracts ovate-triangular, ca. 6 × 5 mm, 3-<br />
Pedilonum Blume, Bijdr. 320. 18<strong>25</strong>.<br />
veined, acute. Pedicel and ovary ca. 1.5 cm. Flowers pale green,<br />
turning white, tinged with purple or with green veins. Dorsal<br />
sepal oblong, 15–18 × 7–8(or more) mm, apex subacute; lateral<br />
sepals obliquely ovate-oblong, nearly as long as dorsal sepal,<br />
base oblique and relatively wide; mentum tubular, ca. 15 mm,<br />
4–6 mm wide, obtuse. Petals obliquely oblong, 14–17 × ca. 5<br />
mm, apex obtuse; lip narrowly pandurate, spatulate, ca. 33 × 6–<br />
7(or more) mm, narrowly clawed, connate to mentum at base,<br />
with 2 fleshy papillae in front of claw. Column ca. 3 mm, foot<br />
to 18 mm; anther cap subglobose.<br />
Epiphytic on tree trunks in mountain forests, lithophytic on rocky<br />
cliffs in mountain valleys; 500–1200 m. Taiwan [Philippines].<br />
9. Dendrobium sect. Pedilonum (Blume) Blume, Tab. Pl. Jav. Orchid. ad t. 4. 18<strong>25</strong>.<br />
距囊组 ju nang zu<br />
Stem cylindric, stout, fleshy, semideciduous, usually pseudoindeterminate (growing more than 1 year), internodes not swollen<br />
or obconic-cylindric. Inflorescences condensed racemes, often multiple, borne on penultimate and older leads. Sepals and petals<br />
relatively short. Mentum parallel to ovary, allowing flowers to face in all directions, prominent, usually straight, narrowly tubular,<br />
broad, fused distally into a closed spur, with a transverse constriction or kink partially obstructing entry into large saccate nectary<br />
containing abundant nectar. Lip entire, unexpanded, scoop-shaped, glabrous, unadorned. Pollinia usually dark colored, dull.<br />
About 52 species: mostly in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, extending to the Philippines and Samoa; one species in China.<br />
57. Dendrobium goldschmidtianum Kraenzlin, Repert. Spec.<br />
Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 40. 1909.<br />
红花石斛 hong hua shi hu<br />
Dendrobium irayense Ames & Quisumbing; D. miyakei<br />
Schlechter; D. pseudohainanense Matsumura; D. victoriareginae<br />
Loher var. miyakei (Schlechter) T. S. Liu & H. J. Su;<br />
Pedilonum goldschmidtianum (Kraenzlin) Rauschert; P. miyakei<br />
(Schlechter) Rauschert.<br />
Stems erect or pendulous, cylindric, sometimes middle<br />
part thickened and slightly fusiform, 40–60 cm, 5–10 mm in<br />
diam., base contracted, unbranched, with many nodes, inter-<br />
nodes obconic-cylindric, 1–2 cm. Leaves lanceolate or ovatelanceolate,<br />
6–10 × 1.2–2 cm, leathery, apex acuminate; leaf<br />
sheath green, tinged with red, tightly embracing stem. Inflorescences<br />
multiple, lateral on usually bare penultimate and older<br />
leads, tufted, 5–<strong>25</strong> mm, densely 6–10-flowered; floral bracts<br />
ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 × 2.5 mm, membranous, apex acute.<br />
Pedicel and ovary brownish green, ca. 1.3 cm. Flowers not<br />
opening widely; sepals, petals, and lip bright red, column yellow,<br />
foot yellowish green, anther cap yellow. Dorsal sepal<br />
elliptic, ca. 10 × 5 mm, 5-veined, apex obtuse; lateral sepals<br />
obliquely ovate, ca. as large as dorsal sepal, 5-veined, base<br />
oblique, apex acute; mentum narrowly conic, ca. 1 cm. Petals<br />
obliquely obovate-oblong, ca. as long as dorsal sepal or slightly
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