(2009): Lichens in Scandinavia known mainly from Norwegian type ...

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GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (2009) Lichens mainly known from Norwegian types 2 theca hygrophila, Erioderma pedicellatum and Szcawinskia leucopoda. Norway surprisingly also has the driest, most continental regions in Fennoscandia, those of the inner, dry valleys of Opland and adjacent counties, in the rain shadow of Jotunheimen (Ahlner 1949, Kleiven 1959), which contain xerophilous steppe-elements, not found elsewhere in our region, e.g. Buellia asterella, Caloplaca tominii, Fulgensia desertorum, Gyalidea asteriscus, Phaeorrhiza sareptana, Rinodina terrestris, Squamarina magnussonii, Toninia sculpturata and T. taurica. Norway reaches further north than any other of the Fennoscandian countries and has the highest mountains. This is reflected in arcticalpine species, such as Arctocetraria andrejevii, Asahinea chrysantha, Buellia adjuncta, Lobothallia alphoplaca and Rhizocarpon dinothetes. Finally there remains a residue of rare species which does not necessarily fall into these categories. They are all described from Norway and have remained known only, or mainly, from the type-collections. They therefore need particular attention, requiring reexamination, preferably on freshly collected material to ascertain their taxonomic and conservation status. There are two possible main reasons for their rarity: 1. They are parts of poorly understood species complexes in difficult, not fully understood genera. 2. They are genuinely rare or overlooked. From a conservation point of view it is important to single out the truly rare species with their only Scandinavian occurrence in Norway, and to see if they represent phytogeographical elements to which also other rare lichens belong. We are not in a position to resolve the matter fully as we have been unable to secure the necessary new material for study, but we have prepared a commented list on them, hopefully inspiring other colleagues to make an attempt to resolve the remaining problems, which are long overdue. We have as far as possible studied the type specimens microscopically and chemically (TLC). However, some types are so minute that we have not dared to take more bits, particularly if studies of spores or chemistry would not be taxonomically important. List of species Acarospora impressula Th.Fr. Type: Norway, Akershus, Lindøya, 1869, N.G. Moe (UPS!, lectotype, here selected, Fig. 1). TLC: no substancees detected. This is a rather nondescript species in the Acarospora badiofusca group. Magnusson (1929) points out the dark, continuous, areolate crust with a negative C-reaction, the immersed apothecia, and the broadly ellipsoid spores. The collector of the original material has noted that it grew only on dry rocks warmed by the afternoon sun, which is an indication that it is one of the southern thermophilous elements, restricted to the Oslofjord-region (e.g. Anema) or also present in SE Sweden. This might account for its rarity, but the world distribution of this species does not confirm this. In Central Europe it is recorded as a high montane species Figure 1. Acarospora impressula, part of lectotype. Bar = 1 mm.
3 Per Magnus Jørgensen & Anders Nordin GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (2009) (Wirth 1995), not one of the dry, warm valleys, and in Britain it is known to be coastal (James et al. 1992). If the taxonomy is correctly understood it is difficult to see why it should be rare in Scandinavia. There is only one additional record from this region, namely from Finland, and that is doubtful. We conclude that this species must either be taxonomically misunderstood or overlooked. It has not recently been recollected in the type locality which is partly destroyed by building, but in 1905 it was collected by Havaas (see Havaas, Lich. exs. Norv. 508) in another locality in the Oslofjordislands (Hovedøya), where Magnusson himself later found it in quantity in 1920 (4 collections in UPS), but where it has not been recollected since. Acarospora rosulata (Th.Fr.) H.Magn. Type: Norway, Oppland, Vågå, Visted, 1863, Th. M. Fries (UPS!, holotype of Acarospora discreta f. rosulata Th.Fr., Fig. 2). TLC: gyrophoric acid This is a most characteristic species related to A. peliscypha Th.Fr., but with distinct marginal lobes forming rosettes and a whitish lower surface. It was recollected at Viste during the Nordic Lichen Society’s excursion in 1985 Figure 2. Acarospora rosulata, part of holotype. Bar = 2 mm. Figure 3. Acarospora verruciformis, part of lectotype. Bar = 2 mm. (L. Tibell, UPS and E. Timdal, O) when it was found to be locally quite common, and it is presumably still present in the type locality. It is also known from Lom in Norway, and there are additional records from Greenland and Svalbard, as well as Iceland. Probably it is part of the arctic-alpine element. Acarospora verruciformis H.Magn. Type: Norway, Sør-Trøndelag, Røros, 1919, A. H. Magnusson 3688 (UPS!, lectotype, here selected, Fig. 3). TLC: no substances detected. This is a fairly charcteristic, bullate species in the A. smaragdula complex. Its rarity is best explained by its special ecological requirements, heavy metal rocks, but surely there are suitable habitats elsewhere in Scandinavia as well. It has, however, been recorded from Greenland (Magnusson 1929) and the British Isles, though Purvis & James (1992) reports that two different taxa are involved. It has not been recollected in the type locality.
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(2009): Lichens in Scandinavia known mainly from Norwegian type ...

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