(2009): Lichens in Scandinavia known mainly from Norwegian type ...
(2009): Lichens in Scandinavia known mainly from Norwegian type ...
(2009): Lichens in Scandinavia known mainly from Norwegian type ...
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<strong>Lichens</strong> <strong>in</strong> Scand<strong>in</strong>avia <strong>known</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>from</strong> <strong>Norwegian</strong> <strong>type</strong>specimens<br />
PER M. JØRGENSEN and ANDERS NORDIN<br />
Jørgensen, P. M. & Nord<strong>in</strong>, A. <strong>2009</strong>: <strong>Lichens</strong> <strong>known</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>from</strong> <strong>Norwegian</strong> <strong>type</strong>specimens.<br />
Graphis Scripta 21: 1–20. Stockholm. ISSN 0901-7593.<br />
About 50 lichen species are <strong>in</strong> Scand<strong>in</strong>avia only <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> Norway, many with the <strong>type</strong><br />
as the only specimen. A few of these are truly rare or overlooked species, such as Bacidia<br />
verecundula, Caloplaca havaasii, Ionaspis granv<strong>in</strong>a, Metamelanea caesiella, Micarea<br />
osloënsis, and the most remarkable of them all, Buellia tesserata, a widespread but rare,<br />
thermomediterranean species, which has not been recollected <strong>in</strong> Norway s<strong>in</strong>ce its<br />
description. The majority, however, belong <strong>in</strong> critical, poorly understood genera, such as<br />
Lecidea, Polyblastia and Verrucaria and are probably only synonyms of more common<br />
species. They are <strong>in</strong> need of further studies, preferably on recently collected material,<br />
s<strong>in</strong>ce many of them are only <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> old, small, poorly developed specimens. In a<br />
few cases it has been possible to come to a def<strong>in</strong>ite identification with older names:<br />
Aspicilia alexandri and A. austronorvegica = Aspilidea myr<strong>in</strong>ii, Bacidia luridoglaucella =<br />
Bacid<strong>in</strong>a <strong>in</strong>undata, Lecidea atrocuprea = Tremolecia atrata, L. epiploica = Calvitimela<br />
perlata, Verrucaria osloënsis (syn. nov. Verrucaria magnussoniana) = Verrucaria<br />
macrostoma. All names are typified.<br />
Two Lecidea species <strong>from</strong> the top of Galdhøpiggen mounta<strong>in</strong> (2469 m), L. altissima<br />
and L. ludificans, both apparently dist<strong>in</strong>ct species closely related to Arctic taxa, are<br />
important additions to the arctic-alp<strong>in</strong>e element and the only likely endemics among<br />
<strong>Norwegian</strong> lichens.<br />
Per M. Jørgensen, Department of Natural History, Bergen Museum, University of Bergen,<br />
Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. E-mail: per.jorgensen@bm.uib.no<br />
Anders Nord<strong>in</strong>, Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-752 36<br />
Uppsala, Sweden. E-mail: anders.nord<strong>in</strong>@evolmuseum.uu.se<br />
The checklist of Fennoscandian lichens and<br />
lichenicolous fungi (Santesson et al. 2004)<br />
<strong>in</strong>cludes several lichen species only <strong>known</strong><br />
<strong>from</strong> restricted areas <strong>in</strong> Norway. Many of these<br />
are only <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> one locality, often the<br />
<strong>type</strong>-locality. Some are species which for<br />
ecophysiological reasons are restricted to<br />
Norway (Tønsberg et al. 1996), most<br />
prom<strong>in</strong>ently the oceanic element, ma<strong>in</strong>ly found<br />
on the wet southwestern coast (Degelius 1935,<br />
Jørgensen 1996), e.g. Arthonia ilic<strong>in</strong>a,<br />
Bactrospora homalotropa, Cladonia callosa,<br />
Gomphillus calycoides, Leptogium britannicum,<br />
Megalospora pachycarpa, Parmotrema arnoldii,<br />
Parmeliella testacea, R<strong>in</strong>od<strong>in</strong>a isidioides,<br />
Solenopsora vulturiensis, Stenocybe nitida,<br />
Thelotrema macrosporum, and Wadeana m<strong>in</strong>uta.<br />
The moist spruce forests of central Norway<br />
(Nord-Trøndelag and S Nordland) conta<strong>in</strong>s an<br />
even more remarkable element, sometimes<br />
penetrat<strong>in</strong>g further <strong>in</strong>land, even <strong>in</strong>to Sweden<br />
(Ahlner 1947), which is shared with similar<br />
wet forests <strong>in</strong> North America (The<br />
Newfoundland-region and the Pacific coast)<br />
(Holien & Tønsberg 1996), e.g. Biatora<br />
chrysanthoides, Bryoria americana, Chaeno-
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>) <strong>Lichens</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> <strong>Norwegian</strong> <strong>type</strong>s 2<br />
theca hygrophila, Erioderma pedicellatum and<br />
Szcaw<strong>in</strong>skia leucopoda.<br />
Norway surpris<strong>in</strong>gly also has the driest,<br />
most cont<strong>in</strong>ental regions <strong>in</strong> Fennoscandia,<br />
those of the <strong>in</strong>ner, dry valleys of Opland and<br />
adjacent counties, <strong>in</strong> the ra<strong>in</strong> shadow of<br />
Jotunheimen (Ahlner 1949, Kleiven 1959),<br />
which conta<strong>in</strong> xerophilous steppe-elements, not<br />
found elsewhere <strong>in</strong> our region, e.g. Buellia<br />
asterella, Caloplaca tom<strong>in</strong>ii, Fulgensia<br />
desertorum, Gyalidea asteriscus, Phaeorrhiza<br />
sareptana, R<strong>in</strong>od<strong>in</strong>a terrestris, Squamar<strong>in</strong>a<br />
magnussonii, Ton<strong>in</strong>ia sculpturata and T.<br />
taurica.<br />
Norway reaches further north than any other<br />
of the Fennoscandian countries and has the<br />
highest mounta<strong>in</strong>s. This is reflected <strong>in</strong> arcticalp<strong>in</strong>e<br />
species, such as Arctocetraria andrejevii,<br />
Asah<strong>in</strong>ea chrysantha, Buellia adjuncta, Lobothallia<br />
alphoplaca and Rhizocarpon d<strong>in</strong>othetes.<br />
F<strong>in</strong>ally there rema<strong>in</strong>s a residue of rare<br />
species which does not necessarily fall <strong>in</strong>to<br />
these categories. They are all described <strong>from</strong><br />
Norway and have rema<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>known</strong> only, or<br />
ma<strong>in</strong>ly, <strong>from</strong> the <strong>type</strong>-collections. They<br />
therefore need particular attention, requir<strong>in</strong>g<br />
reexam<strong>in</strong>ation, preferably on freshly collected<br />
material to ascerta<strong>in</strong> their taxonomic and<br />
conservation status. There are two possible<br />
ma<strong>in</strong> reasons for their rarity:<br />
1. They are parts of poorly understood species<br />
complexes <strong>in</strong> difficult, not fully understood<br />
genera.<br />
2. They are genu<strong>in</strong>ely rare or overlooked.<br />
From a conservation po<strong>in</strong>t of view it is<br />
important to s<strong>in</strong>gle out the truly rare species<br />
with their only Scand<strong>in</strong>avian occurrence <strong>in</strong><br />
Norway, and to see if they represent phytogeographical<br />
elements to which also other rare<br />
lichens belong.<br />
We are not <strong>in</strong> a position to resolve the<br />
matter fully as we have been unable to secure<br />
the necessary new material for study, but we<br />
have prepared a commented list on them,<br />
hopefully <strong>in</strong>spir<strong>in</strong>g other colleagues to make an<br />
attempt to resolve the rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g problems,<br />
which are long overdue.<br />
We have as far as possible studied the <strong>type</strong><br />
specimens microscopically and chemically<br />
(TLC). However, some <strong>type</strong>s are so m<strong>in</strong>ute that<br />
we have not dared to take more bits,<br />
particularly if studies of spores or chemistry<br />
would not be taxonomically important.<br />
List of species<br />
Acarospora impressula Th.Fr.<br />
Type: Norway, Akershus, L<strong>in</strong>døya, 1869, N.G.<br />
Moe (UPS!, lecto<strong>type</strong>, here selected, Fig. 1).<br />
TLC: no substancees detected.<br />
This is a rather nondescript species <strong>in</strong> the<br />
Acarospora badiofusca group. Magnusson<br />
(1929) po<strong>in</strong>ts out the dark, cont<strong>in</strong>uous, areolate<br />
crust with a negative C-reaction, the immersed<br />
apothecia, and the broadly ellipsoid spores. The<br />
collector of the orig<strong>in</strong>al material has noted that<br />
it grew only on dry rocks warmed by the<br />
afternoon sun, which is an <strong>in</strong>dication that it is<br />
one of the southern thermophilous elements,<br />
restricted to the Oslofjord-region (e.g. Anema)<br />
or also present <strong>in</strong> SE Sweden. This might<br />
account for its rarity, but the world distribution<br />
of this species does not confirm this. In Central<br />
Europe it is recorded as a high montane species<br />
Figure 1. Acarospora impressula, part of<br />
lecto<strong>type</strong>. Bar = 1 mm.
3 Per Magnus Jørgensen & Anders Nord<strong>in</strong> GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>)<br />
(Wirth 1995), not one of the dry, warm valleys,<br />
and <strong>in</strong> Brita<strong>in</strong> it is <strong>known</strong> to be coastal (James<br />
et al. 1992). If the taxonomy is correctly<br />
understood it is difficult to see why it should be<br />
rare <strong>in</strong> Scand<strong>in</strong>avia. There is only one<br />
additional record <strong>from</strong> this region, namely <strong>from</strong><br />
F<strong>in</strong>land, and that is doubtful. We conclude that<br />
this species must either be taxonomically misunderstood<br />
or overlooked. It has not recently<br />
been recollected <strong>in</strong> the <strong>type</strong> locality which is<br />
partly destroyed by build<strong>in</strong>g, but <strong>in</strong> 1905 it was<br />
collected by Havaas (see Havaas, Lich. exs.<br />
Norv. 508) <strong>in</strong> another locality <strong>in</strong> the Oslofjordislands<br />
(Hovedøya), where Magnusson himself<br />
later found it <strong>in</strong> quantity <strong>in</strong> 1920 (4 collections <strong>in</strong><br />
UPS), but where it has not been recollected s<strong>in</strong>ce.<br />
Acarospora rosulata (Th.Fr.) H.Magn.<br />
Type: Norway, Oppland, Vågå, Visted, 1863,<br />
Th. M. Fries (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong> of Acarospora<br />
discreta f. rosulata Th.Fr., Fig. 2). TLC:<br />
gyrophoric acid<br />
This is a most characteristic species related to<br />
A. peliscypha Th.Fr., but with dist<strong>in</strong>ct marg<strong>in</strong>al<br />
lobes form<strong>in</strong>g rosettes and a whitish lower<br />
surface. It was recollected at Viste dur<strong>in</strong>g the<br />
Nordic Lichen Society’s excursion <strong>in</strong> 1985<br />
Figure 2. Acarospora rosulata, part of<br />
holo<strong>type</strong>. Bar = 2 mm.<br />
Figure 3. Acarospora verruciformis, part of<br />
lecto<strong>type</strong>. Bar = 2 mm.<br />
(L. Tibell, UPS and E. Timdal, O) when it was<br />
found to be locally quite common, and it is<br />
presumably still present <strong>in</strong> the <strong>type</strong> locality. It<br />
is also <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> Lom <strong>in</strong> Norway, and there<br />
are additional records <strong>from</strong> Greenland and<br />
Svalbard, as well as Iceland. Probably it is part<br />
of the arctic-alp<strong>in</strong>e element.<br />
Acarospora verruciformis H.Magn.<br />
Type: Norway, Sør-Trøndelag, Røros, 1919, A.<br />
H. Magnusson 3688 (UPS!, lecto<strong>type</strong>, here<br />
selected, Fig. 3). TLC: no substances detected.<br />
This is a fairly charcteristic, bullate species <strong>in</strong><br />
the A. smaragdula complex. Its rarity is best<br />
expla<strong>in</strong>ed by its special ecological<br />
requirements, heavy metal rocks, but surely<br />
there are suitable habitats elsewhere <strong>in</strong><br />
Scand<strong>in</strong>avia as well. It has, however, been<br />
recorded <strong>from</strong> Greenland (Magnusson 1929)<br />
and the British Isles, though Purvis & James<br />
(1992) reports that two different taxa are<br />
<strong>in</strong>volved. It has not been recollected <strong>in</strong> the <strong>type</strong><br />
locality.
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>) <strong>Lichens</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> <strong>Norwegian</strong> <strong>type</strong>s 4<br />
Aspicilia alexandri R.Sant.<br />
Type: Norway, Hedmark, Tronfjell, 1912, B.<br />
Lynge (BG!, lecto<strong>type</strong> of Lecanora<br />
zahlbruckneri Lynge, here selected).<br />
The orig<strong>in</strong>al material, of which we have only<br />
been able to locate a specimen at BG, represents<br />
Aspilidea myr<strong>in</strong>ii, a common and<br />
widespread species <strong>in</strong> our region, described<br />
<strong>from</strong> the mounta<strong>in</strong>s between Sogn and Valdres.<br />
Aspicilia austronorvegica (H.Magn.)<br />
Type: Norway, Vest-Agder, Lyngdal,<br />
Kv<strong>in</strong>esdalheia, 1939, A. H. Magnusson 16799<br />
(UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong> of Lecanora austronorvegica<br />
H.Magn.).<br />
Like the former this also represents Aspilidea<br />
myr<strong>in</strong>ii. The name has not formally been<br />
comb<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong>to Aspicilia.<br />
Aspicilia lecideoidea Hue<br />
Type: Norway, Dovrefjeld (collector and year<br />
not <strong>in</strong>dicated, but probably Schimper 1844)<br />
(PC, holo<strong>type</strong>, non vidi).<br />
S<strong>in</strong>ce the <strong>type</strong> has not been located <strong>in</strong> PC, it is<br />
quite impossible to say what this name<br />
represents <strong>in</strong> spite of Hue’s detailed<br />
description (1910). It is even doubtful that it<br />
represents an Aspicilia <strong>in</strong> the present<br />
circumscription. Magnusson (1939) compares<br />
his new species Aspicilia austronorvegica with<br />
A. lecidoidea, so it may prove to be yet another<br />
synonym of Aspilidea myr<strong>in</strong>ii.<br />
Anyway, rarity is certa<strong>in</strong>ly not the reason<br />
for the lack of other records, but rather doubts<br />
concern<strong>in</strong>g the identity of the <strong>type</strong>. It is<br />
certa<strong>in</strong>ly not endemic to Dovre or Norway.<br />
Aspicilia mazar<strong>in</strong>a (Wahlenb.) R.Sant.<br />
Type: Norway, F<strong>in</strong>nmark, Par. Tana, ad<br />
Kamiokaisse, 1802, G. Wahlenberg (UPS!,<br />
holo<strong>type</strong> of Lichen mazar<strong>in</strong>us Wahlenb.).<br />
This name has been <strong>in</strong>correctly applied to<br />
members of the A. gibbosa group and was<br />
reserved exclusively for the <strong>type</strong> by Santesson<br />
(1984). However, Magnusson (1939) correctly<br />
suggested that it might be an aberrant form of<br />
Aspicilia aquatica, and thus the oldest name for<br />
this widespread, variable species. A conservation<br />
of the name Aspicilia aquatica aga<strong>in</strong>st<br />
Lichen mazar<strong>in</strong>us has recently been proposed<br />
(Nord<strong>in</strong> & Jørgensen 2008).<br />
Aspicilia nordlandica (H.Magn.) Degel.<br />
Type: Norway, Nordland, Lofoten, Værøy,<br />
Guldakseln, 1922, G. E. DuRietz (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong>,<br />
Fig. 4). TLC: norstictic acid.<br />
This is a well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species, accord<strong>in</strong>g to<br />
Magnusson (1939) belong<strong>in</strong>g to the c<strong>in</strong>ereagroup,<br />
but with darker thallus, smaller<br />
apothecia and larger spores than A. c<strong>in</strong>erea.<br />
Further the paraphyses are dist<strong>in</strong>ctly nonmoniliform.<br />
The <strong>known</strong> distribution is restricted<br />
to Lofoten and the islands of southern<br />
Helgeland (Vega). The record <strong>from</strong> Sweden<br />
(LuL?) is certa<strong>in</strong>ly erroneous and no specimen<br />
to verify it has been located. It has <strong>in</strong> va<strong>in</strong> been<br />
Figure 4. Aspicilia nordlandica, part of<br />
holo<strong>type</strong>. Bar = Bar 0.5 mm.
5 Per Magnus Jørgensen & Anders Nord<strong>in</strong> GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>)<br />
searched for <strong>in</strong> coastal regions further south (<strong>in</strong><br />
Hordaland) and appears to belong <strong>in</strong> a most<br />
<strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g, poorly understood phytogeographic<br />
element, also <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> some flower<strong>in</strong>g<br />
plants, well exemplified by Rorippa islandica<br />
(Oeder ex Murray) Borbas subsp. islandica<br />
(Jonsell 1968). That taxon is also <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong><br />
Iceland, northern Scotland and Greenland as<br />
well as Switzerland.<br />
Aspicilia scabrida (Degel.) R.Sant.<br />
Type: Norway, Forsand, Frafjorddalen,<br />
Brådlandsfossen, N-sidan, 1947, G. Degelius<br />
(UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong> of Lecanora scabrida). TLC:<br />
norstictic acid.<br />
PMJ has <strong>in</strong> va<strong>in</strong> searched for this species <strong>in</strong> the<br />
region <strong>from</strong> where it was described, a region<br />
where he grew up. He only succeeded <strong>in</strong><br />
ref<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g it on the very rock where Degelius<br />
orig<strong>in</strong>ally collected it. This made him<br />
suspicious of its status. AN regards it as an<br />
extreme form of Aspicila epiglypta, a species<br />
which occurs rather frequently <strong>in</strong> this region.<br />
The spores are not as large as recorded by<br />
Degelius and falls well with<strong>in</strong> the variation of<br />
A. epiglypta.<br />
Aspicilia subarctica (H.Magn.) Creveld<br />
Type: Norway, Troms, Karlsøy, N of Tromsø,<br />
1861, A. J. Malmgren (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong> of<br />
Lecanora subarctica H.Magn.).<br />
The specimen is best classified as part of the<br />
Aspicilia zonata complex (Nord<strong>in</strong> et al. 2007).<br />
See also under Aspicilia tromsoënsis below.<br />
Aspicilia tromsoënsis (H.Magn.) Räsänen<br />
Type: Norway, Troms, Karlsøy, N of Tromsø,<br />
1861, A. J. Malmgren (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong> of<br />
Lecanora tromsoënsis H.Magn.).<br />
It is highly unlikely that A. subarctica and A.<br />
tromsoënsis, both rare species, should occur <strong>in</strong><br />
this little island which is not <strong>known</strong> to have a<br />
flora of particular dist<strong>in</strong>ction. Actually the <strong>type</strong><br />
appears just to be a growthform of the former,<br />
as shown by Nord<strong>in</strong> et al. (2007).<br />
Bacidia luridoglaucella Va<strong>in</strong>.<br />
Type: Norway, Sogn og Fjordane, Stadtlandet,<br />
Ervik, 1903, J. J. Havaas (TUR-V 20822!,<br />
holo<strong>type</strong>).<br />
The description as well as well as the fact that<br />
Havås recorded some other specimes as<br />
Bacid<strong>in</strong>a <strong>in</strong>undata <strong>from</strong> the same locality<br />
(Havås 1935), strongly suggested that this is<br />
just an aberrant form of Bacid<strong>in</strong>a <strong>in</strong>undata, a<br />
fact that was confirmed by studies of the <strong>type</strong><br />
(it had already been revised by S. Ekman).<br />
Bacidia verecundula (Th.Fr.) H.Magn.<br />
Type: Norway, F<strong>in</strong>nmark, Bossekop, 1864, Th.<br />
M. Fries (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong> of Bilimbia verecundula<br />
Th.Fr., Fig. 5).<br />
This appears to be a well-def<strong>in</strong>ed but<br />
<strong>in</strong>significant species, with hardly visible thallus<br />
and very small apothecia, certa<strong>in</strong>ly easily<br />
overlooked. Thomson (1997) also records it as<br />
exceed<strong>in</strong>gly rare <strong>in</strong> Arctic America, also not<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Figure 5. Bacidia verecundula, part of<br />
holo<strong>type</strong>. Bar = 0.5 mm.
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>) <strong>Lichens</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> <strong>Norwegian</strong> <strong>type</strong>s 6<br />
it <strong>from</strong> the High-Arctic. However, these<br />
records need confirmation. It is highly unlikely<br />
that this species grows on saxicolous mosses.<br />
A specimen on Populus <strong>from</strong> the Mackenzie<br />
delta <strong>in</strong> the Northwest Territory, Canada (leg.<br />
Ahti, H) is accord<strong>in</strong>g to S. Ekman (pers.<br />
comm.) not correctly identified.<br />
B. verecundula has not been recollected <strong>in</strong><br />
the <strong>type</strong> locality recently.<br />
Biatora troendelagica Holien & Pr<strong>in</strong>tzen<br />
Type: Norway, Sør-Trøndelag, Meldal, Nfac<strong>in</strong>g<br />
slope of Stavelitjønn, c. 260 m, 1991, H.<br />
Holien 4785 (TRH!, holo<strong>type</strong>).<br />
This is a very <strong>in</strong>conspicuous, ma<strong>in</strong>ly sterile<br />
lichen, found <strong>in</strong> an old humid spruce forest.<br />
Apparently it belongs to the ‘ra<strong>in</strong>forest’ species<br />
(Holien & Tønsberg 1996), some of which are<br />
quite rare but usually found <strong>in</strong> more than one<br />
locality, and often also <strong>in</strong> North America. The<br />
rarity of B. troendelagica is certa<strong>in</strong>ly due to its<br />
<strong>in</strong>significant apparence. The collector has even<br />
been <strong>in</strong>capable to ref<strong>in</strong>d it <strong>in</strong> the <strong>type</strong> locality.<br />
Buellia tesserata Körb.<br />
Type: Norway, exact locality un<strong>known</strong>: ‘an<br />
Schieferfelsen Norwegens von Hübener & Kurr<br />
gesammelt’ (L!, holo<strong>type</strong>, Fig. 6).<br />
Scheidegger (1993) separated Buellia tesserata<br />
<strong>from</strong> Buellia fimbriata (Tuck.) Sheard due to<br />
the presence of barbatic acid <strong>in</strong> the <strong>type</strong><br />
specimen, but a renewed study (Rico et al.<br />
2003) of its chemistry showed that it conta<strong>in</strong>s<br />
3-chlorodivaricatic acid, just as specimens of<br />
B. fimbriata. The <strong>type</strong> also exhibits the same<br />
morphological characters, and is practically<br />
identical with material <strong>from</strong> Greece distributed<br />
by Zahlbruckner <strong>in</strong> Lich. Rar. 205 (UPS). After<br />
hav<strong>in</strong>g seen the <strong>type</strong> of Buellia fimbriata<br />
(California, Bolander 116, FH!), we tend to<br />
agree with Rico et al. (op.cit.) that they are<br />
conspecific, and B. tesserata is the older name.<br />
Scheidegger (op.cit.) also had doubts<br />
concern<strong>in</strong>g the orig<strong>in</strong> of the specimen – a<br />
matter not further discussed by Rico et al.<br />
Figure 6. Buellia tesserata, part of holo<strong>type</strong>.<br />
Bar = 1 mm.<br />
(op.cit.). There is, however, little reason to<br />
believe that some confusion of labels took<br />
place. Hübener & Kurr travelled <strong>in</strong> Norway<br />
1828 for Essl<strong>in</strong>ger Reisevere<strong>in</strong> (Stafleu &<br />
Cowan 1979) and are not <strong>known</strong> to have<br />
visited Greece or Spa<strong>in</strong>. Hübener & Kurr were<br />
accompanied to Dovre by the <strong>Norwegian</strong><br />
doctor Wilhelm Boeck, who had a great<br />
<strong>in</strong>terest <strong>in</strong> botany (Jørgensen 2007), certa<strong>in</strong>ly<br />
pass<strong>in</strong>g through Gudbrandsdalen. As long as<br />
their it<strong>in</strong>erary is un<strong>known</strong>, the exact location is<br />
uncerta<strong>in</strong>, but judg<strong>in</strong>g <strong>from</strong> the strongly<br />
thermophilous disposition of the species<br />
(Scheidegger 1991) it is most likely situated <strong>in</strong><br />
the upper Gudbrandsdal. There are representatives<br />
of such elements <strong>in</strong> the upper parts<br />
of this valley and its neighbourhood,<br />
particularly <strong>in</strong> Vågå (Kleiven 1959), where<br />
there is a prom<strong>in</strong>ent xerophilous element<br />
present among the lichens (see above). It is,<br />
however, likely, that Hübener and Kurr started<br />
their travel <strong>in</strong> lower Telemark, travell<strong>in</strong>g over<br />
Kongsberg, where there is also a thermophilous<br />
element <strong>in</strong> the flora (cf. the report by<br />
Wikström, 1831, on the botanical activity <strong>in</strong><br />
Norway at that time), so it cannot be outruled<br />
that it was here the <strong>type</strong> was collected.
7 Per Magnus Jørgensen & Anders Nord<strong>in</strong> GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>)<br />
An analysis of the rock made by<br />
petrologists at University of Bergen showed<br />
that the <strong>type</strong> grew on a micaschist of a <strong>type</strong><br />
often associated with ultrabasic rock, which is<br />
<strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> Vågå. Buellia tesserata is<br />
accord<strong>in</strong>gly an extreme representative of the<br />
xerophilous element<br />
S<strong>in</strong>ce it is a rather conspicuous species, it<br />
is, however, surpris<strong>in</strong>g that it has not been<br />
rediscovered <strong>in</strong> these parts where lichenologists<br />
have collected frequently. To f<strong>in</strong>ally dispel the<br />
doubts concern<strong>in</strong>g the orig<strong>in</strong> of the specimen a<br />
rediscovery is urgently needed.<br />
Another lichen with a most disjunct<br />
Mediterranean-<strong>Norwegian</strong> distribution is<br />
Staurolemma omphalarioides (Jørgensen &<br />
Henssen 1993), but this species is not quite as<br />
thermophilous as Buellia tesserata.<br />
Caloplaca dovrensis (H.Magn.) Degel.<br />
Type: Norway, Oppland, Hjerk<strong>in</strong>, alt. 1500 m,<br />
1948, H. Larsson (UPS!, holotypus of<br />
Blastenia dovrensis H.Magn.).<br />
This species of the still very poorly understood<br />
black-fruited members of the Caloplaca<br />
ferrug<strong>in</strong>ea group was described by Magnusson<br />
(1950). Magnusson had a limitited material at<br />
his disposal and based the new species on<br />
rather subtle characters, such as hymenium<br />
height, size of verrucae and degree of<br />
development of a thall<strong>in</strong>e marg<strong>in</strong>. For an<br />
evaluation of these characters more material is<br />
needed. The species has also been reported by<br />
Degelius (1982), but, as he himself po<strong>in</strong>ted out,<br />
his specimen differs <strong>in</strong> several characters <strong>from</strong><br />
the <strong>type</strong> specimen. This shows that there is a<br />
larger variation than Magnusson was aware of,<br />
another <strong>in</strong>dication of that the status of this<br />
species is doubtful. The specimen certa<strong>in</strong>ly<br />
belongs <strong>in</strong> the difficult Caloplaca concilians<br />
group which Wunder (1974) characterized as<br />
be<strong>in</strong>g particularly poor <strong>in</strong> characters. Members<br />
of this species group have been collected <strong>in</strong> the<br />
Dovre region by others, for example by Th. M.<br />
Fries (who called it Caloplaca ferrug<strong>in</strong>ea var.<br />
melanocarpa). We are for the time be<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>in</strong>cl<strong>in</strong>ed to <strong>in</strong>clude this species <strong>in</strong> C. concilians<br />
s.lat. until the variation of this complex is<br />
better understood.<br />
Caloplaca havaasii H.Magn.<br />
Type: Norway, Granv<strong>in</strong>, Skålsete, 1938, J. J.<br />
Havaas (UPS!, lecto<strong>type</strong>).<br />
This <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g and characteristic species of<br />
the Caloplaca mar<strong>in</strong>a group has recently been<br />
thoroughly re-evaluated (Arup 2006) and found<br />
to be quite dist<strong>in</strong>ct. It is surpris<strong>in</strong>g that there<br />
are no <strong>known</strong> collections <strong>from</strong> other localities.<br />
Though the habitat, a “saueheller” (=an<br />
overhang where the sheep seeks shelter), is<br />
special, there are several similar ones <strong>in</strong><br />
western Norway. They are, however, not<br />
favorite localities for lichenologists. It is<br />
certa<strong>in</strong>ly significant that it was the sheep<br />
farmer Havaas who discovered it. In the<br />
herbarium he had named it Caloplaca ov<strong>in</strong>ae<br />
(the Caloplaca of sheep), though Magnusson<br />
unfortunately changed the epithet when the<br />
name was published! Accord<strong>in</strong>gly the rarity<br />
appears to be a result of the special habitat. It is<br />
still present <strong>in</strong> the <strong>type</strong> locality.<br />
Helocarpon pulverulum (Th.Fr.) Türk &<br />
Hafellner<br />
Type: Norway, Sør-Trøndelag, Oppdal, Dovre,<br />
Kongsvoll, Høgsnyta, 1863, Th. M. Fries<br />
(UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong> of Lecidea crassipes f.<br />
pulverula).<br />
This species was regarded by Copp<strong>in</strong>s ( 1983)<br />
as an <strong>in</strong>significant variation of Micarea (=<br />
Helocarpon) crassipes (Th.Fr.) Copp<strong>in</strong>s.<br />
However, Hafellner & Türk (2001) reported it<br />
<strong>from</strong> Austria and re-evaluated its status.<br />
Though we are <strong>in</strong> doubt about their taxonomic<br />
conclusion, their f<strong>in</strong>d certa<strong>in</strong>ly excludes the<br />
taxon <strong>from</strong> the list of possible <strong>Norwegian</strong><br />
endemics.
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>) <strong>Lichens</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> <strong>Norwegian</strong> <strong>type</strong>s 8<br />
Ionaspis granv<strong>in</strong>a Havaas ex P.M.Jørg.<br />
Type: Norway, Granv<strong>in</strong>, near Baorhaug, alt.<br />
600 m, 1949, J. J. Havaas <strong>in</strong> Lich. exs. norv.<br />
702 (O!, holo<strong>type</strong>, BG!, C!, H! UPS!, iso<strong>type</strong>s).<br />
This is a t<strong>in</strong>y pioneer species on naked wet<br />
rocks, difficult to discover and with ephemeral<br />
occurrence, and therefore certa<strong>in</strong>ly mostly<br />
overlooked and possibly more widespread. It is<br />
a dist<strong>in</strong>ct species, unique <strong>in</strong> its genus by its<br />
dark exciple (Jørgensen 1989). It has not been<br />
recollected <strong>in</strong> the <strong>type</strong>-locality <strong>in</strong> recent years.<br />
Lecanora dovrensis Hedl.<br />
Type: Norway, Sør-Trøndelag, Dovre, Drivstuen,<br />
1864, Th. M. Fries (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong>).<br />
This is a Lecanora s.str. and at present under<br />
revision by Z. Palice, Pruhonice, who most<br />
k<strong>in</strong>dly has <strong>in</strong>formed us that it is a taxon related<br />
to Lecanora mughicola Nyl., the status of<br />
which he presently is not entirely sure about.<br />
Lecanora <strong>in</strong>amoenea Th.Fr.<br />
Type: Norway, F<strong>in</strong>nmark, Mortensnes, 1867,<br />
Th. M. Fries (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong>). TLC: traces of<br />
terpenoids.<br />
The rich <strong>type</strong> material is unfortunately sterile<br />
and its position difficult to decide, also s<strong>in</strong>ce<br />
the thallus proved to conta<strong>in</strong> only traces of<br />
terpenoids, as already po<strong>in</strong>ted out by Poelt<br />
(1958). Fries recorded lecanor<strong>in</strong>e apothecia<br />
when describ<strong>in</strong>g it, and he placed it close to<br />
Placodium gypsaceum, which is surpris<strong>in</strong>g as<br />
we f<strong>in</strong>d no close resemblance to the genus<br />
Squamar<strong>in</strong>a. The thallus has an about 30 µm<br />
thick paraplectenchymatous cortex of thickwalled<br />
cells (lum<strong>in</strong>a 5 µm wide), brown-pigmented<br />
<strong>in</strong> upper part, covered by an ep<strong>in</strong>ecral<br />
layer. It may belong <strong>in</strong> Lecanora, but more,<br />
fertile material is needed to decide this.<br />
Lecanora paupera Th.Fr.<br />
Type: Norway, vic<strong>in</strong>ity of Tromsø, J. M.<br />
Norman (<strong>type</strong> not traced).<br />
This is a doubtful species with a name of<br />
obscure nomenclatural status. Fries (1871) only<br />
mentioned this taxon briefly <strong>in</strong> a discussion<br />
(note 5) of L. subfusca, remark<strong>in</strong>g that its rank<br />
could only be f<strong>in</strong>ally settled after more material<br />
had been discovered. He thus made an<br />
illegitimate name accord<strong>in</strong>g to the<br />
nomenclatural rules, one which may come <strong>in</strong>to<br />
use when someone later decides the rank. The<br />
name appears to have been totally forgotten<br />
until Santesson (1984) took it up as a species <strong>in</strong><br />
his list of lichens of Sweden and Norway.<br />
However, Santesson does not cite the place of<br />
publication <strong>in</strong> direct association with the name,<br />
only as part of the records of the localities<br />
(which is repeated <strong>in</strong> Santesson 1993 and<br />
Santesson et al. 2004), and he certa<strong>in</strong>ly did not<br />
<strong>in</strong>tend to make a new name as these are listed<br />
separately (not <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g this one). We<br />
therefore conclude that it still is an illegitimate<br />
name, the rank of which needs to be decided.<br />
S<strong>in</strong>ce no further material is available and the<br />
<strong>type</strong> has not been traced, its taxonomic status<br />
cannot be evaluated. The description<br />
particularly mentions four-spored asci, a<br />
feature not observed <strong>in</strong> any <strong>known</strong> taxon of this<br />
group (O. Vitika<strong>in</strong>en, pers. comm.). The name<br />
is apparently best forgotten but might be<br />
revived if material correspond<strong>in</strong>g to the<br />
description is discovered.<br />
Lecidea altissima H.Magn.<br />
Type: Norway, Oppland, Jotunheimen, Lom,<br />
top of Galdhøpiggen, alt. 2468 m, 1947, G.<br />
Degelius (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong>, Fig. 7). TLC:<br />
psoromic acid.<br />
The presence of psoromic acid makes this a<br />
most characteristic species. It does not belong<br />
<strong>in</strong> Lecidea s.str., but rather to the lecidoid<br />
Lecanoraceae, but the generic situation has not<br />
been resolved (Hertel & Rambold 1985). It<br />
belongs as already po<strong>in</strong>ted out by Degelius<br />
(1968) <strong>in</strong> the Lecidea elata-group and is allied<br />
to Lecanora scrobiculata (Th.Fr.) Øvstedal, an<br />
arctic species, but is clearly different and
9 Per Magnus Jørgensen & Anders Nord<strong>in</strong> GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>)<br />
Figure 7. Lecidea altissima, part of holo<strong>type</strong>.<br />
Bar = 1 mm.<br />
certa<strong>in</strong>ly a dist<strong>in</strong>ct species, as already po<strong>in</strong>ted<br />
out by Magnusson (1931).<br />
It has not been recollected recently,<br />
certa<strong>in</strong>ly due to the poor accesibility of the <strong>type</strong><br />
locality, but it is likely still to be present there.<br />
It is an arctic-alp<strong>in</strong>e species, which possibly is<br />
rare s<strong>in</strong>ce it prefers high mounta<strong>in</strong>s, the top of<br />
Galdhøpiggen be<strong>in</strong>g the highest po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>in</strong><br />
Scand<strong>in</strong>avia.<br />
Lecidea atrocuprea Va<strong>in</strong>.<br />
Type: Norway, Hordaland, Hardangervidda,<br />
Eggjane, på skarv, alt. c.1250 m, 21.8 1899, J.<br />
J. Havaas (TUR-V 24389!, holo<strong>type</strong>). TLC: no<br />
substances detected.<br />
Clearly not a Lecidea s.str. The material is<br />
poorly developed, consist<strong>in</strong>g of a few, rather<br />
immature apothecia immersed <strong>in</strong> a th<strong>in</strong>, reddish<br />
brown, areolate thallus, which does not conta<strong>in</strong><br />
any lichen substances and is also I–. It rem<strong>in</strong>ds<br />
somewhat of Tremolecia atrata <strong>in</strong> structure, but<br />
is much th<strong>in</strong>ner and more glossy than usually<br />
seen <strong>in</strong> this species. However, the apothecia are<br />
typical of that species and match that of typical<br />
material <strong>in</strong> all details. A further specimen <strong>from</strong><br />
Møre og Romsdal (Havaas 1909, BG) marked<br />
‘L. atrocuprea forma’ represents an <strong>in</strong>termediate<br />
form between the typical Tremolecia atrata and<br />
‘L. atrocuprea’, so we are <strong>in</strong> no doubt that the<br />
latter is just a growthform of the former caused<br />
by the growth conditions, presumably a w<strong>in</strong>dy,<br />
exposed place (=‘skarv’).<br />
Lecidea epiploica Norman<br />
Type: Norway, Troms, Sörreisa, Middagsfjellet, J.<br />
M. Norman (O!, holo<strong>type</strong>). TLC: no substances<br />
detected.<br />
A most unusual specimen which Norman<br />
suggested to assign to a subgenus of its own<br />
(Bolothall<strong>in</strong>a), but this was never formally<br />
published. It is not a Lecidea s.str. but,<br />
accord<strong>in</strong>g to the characters of the apothecia,<br />
better placed <strong>in</strong> Calvitimela, one of the<br />
lecidioid genera of the Lecanoraceae. It falls<br />
with<strong>in</strong> the variation of the species Haugan &<br />
Timdal (1994) called Tephromela perlata, as<br />
the thallus is chalk-like and the spores are 12–<br />
16 × 6–8 µm, though the partly snail-eaten<br />
thallus does not conta<strong>in</strong> any lichen acids, and<br />
was collected at the base of a birch-tree, while<br />
this species is normally saxicolous and conta<strong>in</strong>s<br />
rangiformic and norrangiformic acids (Haugan<br />
& Timdal 1994).<br />
It is therefore rather unfortunate that this is the<br />
oldest names for that species which has<br />
recently f<strong>in</strong>ally appeared to have got a stabil<br />
nomenclature. Th. Fries who collected it <strong>in</strong><br />
Dovre, called it Lecidella bullata Körb., but<br />
mis<strong>in</strong>terpreted Körber’s description which<br />
refers to a quite different species, as po<strong>in</strong>ted<br />
out by Magnusson (1931) who <strong>in</strong>troduced the<br />
illegitimate name Lecidea perlata H.Magn.<br />
(non Hue 1915). Haugan and Timdal (1994)<br />
wisely took up this epithet when they placed<br />
the species <strong>in</strong> Tephromela, and Santesson et al.<br />
(2004) transferred their epithet to Calvitimela,<br />
a later segregate. None of them knew about<br />
Norman’s older, valid name, and we th<strong>in</strong>k it<br />
would be unwise to change this now, bas<strong>in</strong>g it<br />
on an untypical specimen. To avoid this we<br />
<strong>in</strong>tend to propose Norman’s name for rejection.
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>) <strong>Lichens</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> <strong>Norwegian</strong> <strong>type</strong>s 10<br />
Lecidea hardangeriana H.Magn.<br />
Type: Norway, F<strong>in</strong>se, Hardangerjøkelen, alt.<br />
1250–1300 m, 1925, E. Frey 13606 (UPS!<br />
holo<strong>type</strong>). TLC: miriquidic acid.<br />
The poorly developed specimen shows close<br />
resemblance to Lecidea subplumbea Anzi<br />
accord<strong>in</strong>g to H. Hertel (pers. comm.), a name<br />
which most probably is a synonym of<br />
Miriquidica griseoatra, a rather variabel<br />
species <strong>in</strong> the poorly understood arctic-alp<strong>in</strong>e<br />
M. leucophaea complex (see Hertel &<br />
Rambold 1987). We can confirm that the<br />
holo<strong>type</strong> belongs <strong>in</strong> Miriquidica as it exhibits<br />
all the characters of that genus as def<strong>in</strong>ed by<br />
Hertel & Rambold (1987). More material is<br />
necessary to evaluate the taxonomy at species<br />
level, and we suspect this will prove to fall<br />
with<strong>in</strong> the variation of a more widespread<br />
taxon.<br />
Lecidea ileiformis Fr.<br />
Type: Norway, Dovre, M. N. Blytt (UPS!,<br />
holo<strong>type</strong>). TLC: Atranor<strong>in</strong>, psoromic and<br />
stictic acids, zeor<strong>in</strong>.<br />
This is a lecidioid member of the Lecanoraceae,<br />
and although it has a terricolous habitat, we<br />
regard it as a Calvitimela because of the<br />
<strong>in</strong>ternal characters of the apothecia. The spores<br />
(9–12 × 4–7 µm) falls with<strong>in</strong> the variation<br />
given by Haugan & Timdal (1994) for C.<br />
aglaea, but the chemistry differs. At the<br />
moment it is best regarded as a further<br />
chemo<strong>type</strong> of that species, but this variation is<br />
<strong>in</strong> need of further studies<br />
Lecidea <strong>in</strong>venusta H.Magn.<br />
Type: Norway, Granv<strong>in</strong>, near the top of<br />
Smøreggen, 1947, J. J. Havaas (UPS!,<br />
holo<strong>type</strong>). TLC: miriquidic acid.<br />
This <strong>type</strong> is <strong>in</strong> a rather poor condition and<br />
much eaten by snails. The rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g thallus<br />
conta<strong>in</strong>s, however, miriqidic acid and the<br />
specimen certa<strong>in</strong>ly belongs <strong>in</strong> the Miriquidica<br />
leucophaea complex, just as Lecidea<br />
hardangeriana.<br />
Lecidea ludificans H.Magn.<br />
Type: Norway, Oppland, Jotunheimen, at the<br />
top of Galdhøpiggen, alt. 2468 m, 1947, G.<br />
Degelius (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong>, Fig. 8). TLC:<br />
norstictic acid.<br />
This is a characteristic species with sh<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
brown thallus and dist<strong>in</strong>ct, thick exciple (to<br />
about 100 µm) on the large, flat apothecia. It is<br />
certa<strong>in</strong>ly a member of the Lecidea praenubila<br />
complex, but stands out as most dist<strong>in</strong>ct among<br />
the many closely related, variable species (cf.<br />
Hertel 1977).<br />
It has not been recollected recently,<br />
certa<strong>in</strong>ly because of the rather <strong>in</strong>accessable<br />
locality on the top of Scand<strong>in</strong>avia’s highest<br />
mounta<strong>in</strong>. It is remarkable that two such rare<br />
species with arctic-alp<strong>in</strong>e relationships are<br />
found there (see also L. altissima above), a fact<br />
which strongly <strong>in</strong>dicates that this high<br />
mounta<strong>in</strong> was an ice-free nunatak, at least for<br />
parts of the quarternary glaciation. Curiously<br />
this has not been one of the peaks <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong><br />
the heated debate among botanists and<br />
Figure 8. Lecidea ludificans, part of holo<strong>type</strong>.<br />
Bar = 2 mm.
11 Per Magnus Jørgensen & Anders Nord<strong>in</strong> GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>)<br />
geologists on nunataks, probably s<strong>in</strong>ce it does<br />
not harbour a particularly <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g flora of<br />
flower<strong>in</strong>g plants (Jørgensen 1932). A. Nesje<br />
(pers. comm.) has <strong>in</strong>formed us that<br />
Galdhøpiggen <strong>in</strong>deed was a nunatak, and we<br />
accord<strong>in</strong>gly regard Lecidea altissima and L.<br />
ludificans as the most likely endemic<br />
<strong>Norwegian</strong> lichens, though we cannot outrule<br />
that they have been overlooked or are<br />
undetected on other high peaks outside Norway.<br />
Lecidea mougeot<strong>in</strong>oides H.Magn.<br />
Type: Norway, Møre og Romsdal, Synnylven, Geiranger,<br />
alt. 100 m, 1947, A. H. Magnusson 20805a<br />
(UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong>). TLC: no substances detected.<br />
Most probably an Adelolecia, accord<strong>in</strong>g to H.<br />
Hertel (pers. comm.), but certa<strong>in</strong>ly dist<strong>in</strong>ct<br />
<strong>from</strong> A. kolaënsis (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold, a<br />
matter need<strong>in</strong>g further study on preferably<br />
richer material.<br />
Lecidea sarcodea Nyl.<br />
Type: Sør-Trøndelag, Dovre, K<strong>in</strong>dberg (H-<br />
NYL 21337, holo<strong>type</strong>, non vidi).<br />
Unfortunately the <strong>type</strong> has been mislaid <strong>in</strong> H<br />
(O. Vitika<strong>in</strong>en, pers. comm.) and has accord<strong>in</strong>gly<br />
not been available for study. Th. M. Fries<br />
(1871: 428), who had not seen the <strong>type</strong>,<br />
suspected that it would hardly prove to be more<br />
than a variety of Biatora vernalis, differ<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><br />
the plane apothecia and larger spores. Even<br />
Degelius (1957), who referred one Icelandic<br />
specimen to Lecidea sarcodea and then studied<br />
the <strong>type</strong>, expressed some doubt about its<br />
taxonomic status. The habitat (alp<strong>in</strong>e heath)<br />
and the very large spores (18–34 × 7–8 µm)<br />
rules, however, out that it belongs <strong>in</strong> Biatora<br />
vernalis. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to C. Pr<strong>in</strong>tzen (pers.<br />
comm.) it might be a Bryonora. Indeed,<br />
Degelius’ Icelandic material (UPS) proved to<br />
be a Bryonora. From the ecology and the<br />
spore-size it is reasonable to conclude that<br />
Nylander’s name may represent Bryonora<br />
curvescens, a species that is <strong>known</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong><br />
the Dovre-region (Högsnyta, 1863, Th. M.<br />
Fries, UPS) and L. sarcodea would then be a<br />
synonym of that name.<br />
Irrespective of its nomenclature, which can<br />
only be settled conclusively when the <strong>type</strong> is<br />
refound, Lecidea sarcodea is certa<strong>in</strong>ly not<br />
resticted to Dovre, but the species has a wide<br />
arctic-alp<strong>in</strong>e distribution (Holtan-Hartwig<br />
1991: 301–305).<br />
Lecidea subapplanata H.Magn.<br />
Type: Norway, Møre og Romsdal, Grytten,<br />
Trollstien, alt. 850 m, 1947, A. H. Magnusson<br />
20721 (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong>). TLC: miriquidic acid.<br />
A rather unusual crustose species which is<br />
difficult to place. It is certa<strong>in</strong>ly not a Lecidea<br />
s.str. The immersed to sessile, aspicilioid<br />
apothecia with porpidioid asci, suggest the<br />
genus Immersaria, but the thallus conta<strong>in</strong>s<br />
miriquidic acid and a closer exam<strong>in</strong>ation of the<br />
asci revealed an apical apparatus typical of<br />
Miriquidica (lack<strong>in</strong>g a dist<strong>in</strong>ct central channel).<br />
It is somewhat similar to Miriquidica<br />
complanata (Körber) Hertel & Rambold but<br />
has a brownish red pigment (K+ <strong>in</strong>tensify<strong>in</strong>g)<br />
<strong>in</strong> the hypothecium. The material is rather<br />
scanty, so further collections are necessary to<br />
resolve the matter fully.<br />
Lecidea subreagens H.Magn.<br />
Type: Norway, Troms, Tromsø, Lyngen,<br />
Mikkelvik, 1915, B. Lynge (O?, not located).<br />
The identity of this species can only be judged<br />
when the <strong>type</strong> is refound, but Magnusson’s<br />
(1930) rather detailed description <strong>in</strong>dicates that<br />
it hardly belongs to Lecidea s.str. Magnusson<br />
compares the thallus to that of L. armeniaca<br />
and later claims that the relationship is<br />
uncerta<strong>in</strong>, but that the species appears closest<br />
to L. (Biatora) cheiloplaca Va<strong>in</strong>.<br />
Lecidea tuberculifera H.Magn.<br />
Type: Norway, Akershus, Aker, Sjådalen,<br />
1947, A. H. Magnusson (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong>).<br />
TLC: atranor<strong>in</strong> and zeor<strong>in</strong>.
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>) <strong>Lichens</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> <strong>Norwegian</strong> <strong>type</strong>s 12<br />
This is another of the lecideoid Lecanoraceae<br />
of the L. elata-group. H. Hertel (pers. comm.)<br />
regards it as best placed <strong>in</strong> Lecanora formosa<br />
(Bagl. & Carestia) Knoph & Leuckert, even<br />
though the thallus lacks psoromic acid (cf.<br />
Knoph & Leuckert 2000). This would mean a<br />
most <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g addition to the relic arcticalp<strong>in</strong>e<br />
element <strong>in</strong> the Oslofjord region. Hopefully<br />
better specimens can be found to confirm<br />
the identity of the scanty and poorly developed<br />
material.<br />
Lepraria bergensis Tønsberg<br />
Type: Norway, Hordaland, Bergen, Haukeland/<br />
Landås, Vognstølen, base of hill Ravneberget,<br />
2000, T. Tønsberg 2885 (BG!, holo<strong>type</strong>).<br />
Recently described species, belong<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the<br />
difficult L. neglecta complex. Though orig<strong>in</strong>ally<br />
only <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> one other locality <strong>in</strong> the<br />
Bergen region, recent discoveries further south<br />
<strong>in</strong> Norway as well as <strong>in</strong> England and Germany<br />
(Spribille & Tønsberg 2007) prove that it is a<br />
more widespread, though rare species. It is still<br />
extant <strong>in</strong> the <strong>type</strong> locality with<strong>in</strong> the city of<br />
Bergen.<br />
Metamelanea caesiella (Th.Fr.) Henssen<br />
Type: Norway, Sør-Trøndelag, Dovre, Drivstuen,<br />
1864, Th. M. Fries (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong> of<br />
Pyrenopsis caesiella Th.Fr.).<br />
This must be a truly rare species. It is quite<br />
dist<strong>in</strong>ct and characteristic (Henssen &<br />
Jørgensen 1990) and not difficult to detect. It<br />
has actually been collected <strong>in</strong> a second locality<br />
<strong>in</strong> Norway, <strong>in</strong> Hovedøya near Oslo, and<br />
distributed by Havaas <strong>in</strong> his exsiccate (449). It<br />
has, however, not been recollected <strong>in</strong> any of<br />
these localities <strong>in</strong> recent years. M. caesiella<br />
appears to belong <strong>in</strong> a group of xerophilous<br />
lichens favoured by high summer tempratures.<br />
It has recently been discovered for the first<br />
time outside Norway <strong>in</strong> the Ardennes (leg. P.<br />
Diederich & van den Boom, M. Schulz pers.<br />
comm.) and Schwäbische Alpen (Schulz et al.<br />
2007), which confirms its status as a rare,<br />
overlooked species. The orig<strong>in</strong>al spell<strong>in</strong>g of the<br />
generic name is Metamelanea, and the often<br />
used form Metamelaena (e.g. <strong>in</strong> Santesson et<br />
al. 2004) is <strong>in</strong>correct.<br />
Micarea lynceola (Th.Fr.) Palice<br />
Type: Norway, Akershus, Christiania (Oslo),<br />
Tveten, 1868, N.G. Moe 257 (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong><br />
of Lecidea lynceola).<br />
This is an exceptionally small lichen which<br />
requires the eyes of a lynx to be discovered<br />
(hence the epithet), closely related to M.<br />
bauschiana. It is also a transient pioneer, so it<br />
is no wonder that M. lynceola has only been<br />
collected once <strong>in</strong> Scand<strong>in</strong>avia. Palice (1999)<br />
also reports it <strong>from</strong> a few localities <strong>in</strong> Central<br />
Europe, so it is not endemic to Norway. The<br />
<strong>type</strong>-locality itself is engulfed by the city Oslo<br />
and at present unsuitable as a lichen site.<br />
Micarea osloënsis (Th.Fr.) Hedl.<br />
Type: Norway, Oslo, Ryenbjerget, 1847, N. G.<br />
Moe (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong> of Lecidea osloënsis, Fig. 9).<br />
This t<strong>in</strong>y lichen, which was collected on soil <strong>in</strong><br />
remnants of a bonfire, is easily confused with<br />
Figure 9. Micarea osloënsis, part of holo<strong>type</strong>.<br />
Bar = 0.5 mm.
13 Per Magnus Jørgensen & Anders Nord<strong>in</strong> GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>)<br />
Placynthiella ulig<strong>in</strong>osa. This does not,<br />
however, expla<strong>in</strong> its rarity. Even if the locality<br />
is now engulfed <strong>in</strong> the city of Oslo, there<br />
should be plenty of fireplaces <strong>in</strong> the region<br />
where it would be able to grow. It has as yet<br />
only been found once, but Copp<strong>in</strong>s (1983) <strong>in</strong><br />
his thorough monograph of the genus, accepted<br />
it as a species, so this is one of the truly rare<br />
lichens, as yet only <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> Norway.<br />
Pertusaria porospora Norman ex Erichsen<br />
Type: Norway, F<strong>in</strong>nmark, Porsanger, Rassebakte,<br />
<strong>in</strong> the Lakselv valley, 1871, J. M.<br />
Norman (O!, holo<strong>type</strong>). TLC: lecanoric acid<br />
and xanthones.<br />
Erichsen’s description of this species is based<br />
on Normans’s handwritten diagnosis and his<br />
draw<strong>in</strong>g of the spores (Fig. 10) that are<br />
attached to the <strong>type</strong> specimen. Norman<br />
apparently had a second specimen available<br />
(‘ad Troldfj., Tanen’), but that has not been<br />
traced. At present the <strong>type</strong> lacks asci, so the<br />
characteristic, large (to 250 µm), thick-walled,<br />
pored spores drawn and described by Norman<br />
have not been observed by us. Erichsen (1936)<br />
placed it close to P. dactyl<strong>in</strong>a which is neither<br />
<strong>in</strong> accordance with the chemistry nor the<br />
unusual spore wall. Most probably it is an<br />
esorediate form of Varicellaria rhodocarpa of<br />
which Norman collected typical material <strong>in</strong> the<br />
same locality, but on a different tree (BG).<br />
Accord<strong>in</strong>g to Tønsberg (1992) V. rhodocarpa<br />
lacks soredia <strong>in</strong> its most reduced states.<br />
Figure 10. Pertusaria porospora, Norman’s<br />
draw<strong>in</strong>g of a spore <strong>in</strong> the <strong>type</strong> collection.<br />
Figure 11. Polyblastia sakkobanensis, part<br />
of holo<strong>type</strong>. Bar = 0.5 mm.<br />
Polyblastia sakkobanensis Zschacke<br />
Type: Norway, F<strong>in</strong>nmark, Sakkobani, 1917, B.<br />
Lynge (O!, holo<strong>type</strong>, Fig. 11).<br />
A most <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g, easily overlooked species<br />
with poorly developed thallus. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to<br />
Savić & Tibell (2007) it is most possibly a<br />
species of Sporodictyon, closest related to S.<br />
m<strong>in</strong>utum S.Savić & Tibell. It has not been<br />
found recently and is <strong>in</strong> urgent need of<br />
recollection.<br />
Polyblastia subocellata Th.Fr.<br />
Type: Norway, Sør-Trøndelag, Dovre, Kongsvoll,<br />
1863, Th. M. Fries (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong>).<br />
This is a rather nondescript, terricolous species,<br />
only <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> the small <strong>type</strong> specimen.<br />
Accord<strong>in</strong>g to Savić & Tibell (2007) it is<br />
certa<strong>in</strong>ly a Sporodictyon closely related to S.<br />
terrestris (Th.Fr.) Savić & Tibell, but with a<br />
th<strong>in</strong>, whitish, leprose thallus. S<strong>in</strong>ce there is a<br />
great variation <strong>in</strong> thallus appearance <strong>in</strong><br />
Sporodictyon, its taxonomic status is uncerta<strong>in</strong>.<br />
It has <strong>in</strong> va<strong>in</strong> been searched for recently <strong>in</strong> the<br />
<strong>type</strong> locality by Savić and Tibell.
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>) <strong>Lichens</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> <strong>Norwegian</strong> <strong>type</strong>s 14<br />
Figure 12. Polyblastia terrigena, <strong>from</strong><br />
illustration <strong>in</strong> Rabenhorst Kryptogamenflora.<br />
Polyblastia terrigena Zschacke<br />
Type: Norway, Troms, Målselven, J. M. Norman<br />
(<strong>type</strong> not located).<br />
S<strong>in</strong>ce the <strong>type</strong> is miss<strong>in</strong>g it is difficult to<br />
evaluate this taxon. The description is quite<br />
short, po<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g out a close relationship with the<br />
saxicolous P. verrucosa <strong>from</strong> which it should<br />
differ ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>in</strong> the form of the <strong>in</strong>volucrellum<br />
(Fig. 12), a character of little value <strong>in</strong> our<br />
op<strong>in</strong>ion. However, accord<strong>in</strong>g to S. Savić (pers.<br />
comm.) it might be one of the few examples of<br />
a terricolous member of the Thelidium-group<br />
where this character might be of importance.<br />
The rediscovery of a specimen either <strong>in</strong> the<br />
herbarium or <strong>in</strong> the field is, however, necessary<br />
to settle the matter.<br />
Pyrenopsis reducta Th.Fr.<br />
Type: Norway, Tromsø, Fløjfjellet, 1860, Th.<br />
M. Fries (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong>).<br />
This small species appears superficially to be a<br />
poorly developed form of Pyrenopsis<br />
haemat<strong>in</strong>a and it is accord<strong>in</strong>gly mostly<br />
overlooked or passed by as “immature”.<br />
However, detailed studies (Jørgensen 2007)<br />
have shown that it is not even closely related to<br />
that species, and it was therefore accepted as a<br />
dist<strong>in</strong>ct species. Other material <strong>in</strong>cluded by<br />
Santesson et al. (2004) proved to be <strong>in</strong>correctly<br />
identified. It has not been recollected <strong>in</strong> the<br />
<strong>type</strong> locality recently.<br />
R<strong>in</strong>od<strong>in</strong>a malangica (Norman) Arnold<br />
Type: Norway, Troms, Målselven, J. M. Norman<br />
(O!, holo<strong>type</strong> of R<strong>in</strong>od<strong>in</strong>a leprosa *<br />
malangica).<br />
This is a well-def<strong>in</strong>ed, <strong>in</strong>significant species<br />
(see Mayrhofer & Moberg 2002), which is<br />
easily overlooked, particularly when sterile,<br />
and s<strong>in</strong>ce it is very similar to R. colob<strong>in</strong>a. It has<br />
not been recollected <strong>in</strong> the <strong>type</strong> locality<br />
recently or <strong>in</strong> any other Scand<strong>in</strong>avian locality,<br />
which is quite surpris<strong>in</strong>g s<strong>in</strong>ce there appears to<br />
be plenty of habitats where it might grow. It is<br />
quite common <strong>in</strong> the Alps on Rhododendron<br />
ferrug<strong>in</strong>eum, a species not found <strong>in</strong> our region,<br />
but the <strong>type</strong> was collected on Alnus. Its rarity <strong>in</strong><br />
our region is hardly real, and it should be<br />
searched for on subalp<strong>in</strong>e bushes with acidic<br />
bark.<br />
Thelidium scotodes (Nyl.) Arnold<br />
Type: Norway, Troms, Lyngenfjorden, Norrl<strong>in</strong><br />
(H-NYL 2135!, holo<strong>type</strong> of Verrucaria<br />
scotodes Nyl.).<br />
This is an <strong>in</strong>conspicuous species <strong>in</strong> the T.<br />
zwackhii complex, though comb<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g the<br />
characters (small fruitbodies with basal<br />
<strong>in</strong>volucrellum and rather large, ma<strong>in</strong>ly 3septate<br />
spores, Fig. 13) <strong>in</strong> such a way that it<br />
gives the impression of be<strong>in</strong>g a well-def<strong>in</strong>ed<br />
species, the rarity of which may be caused by<br />
its anonymous appearance. It may be a<br />
maritime species, which is rare <strong>in</strong> this genus<br />
Figure 13. Thelidium scotodes, draw<strong>in</strong>g by<br />
A. Orange attatched to the <strong>type</strong> specimen.
15 Per Magnus Jørgensen & Anders Nord<strong>in</strong> GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>)<br />
(only the clearly different Japanese T. pacifica<br />
Harada is <strong>known</strong> to us), though the orig<strong>in</strong>al<br />
label does not clearly <strong>in</strong>dicate that it grew on<br />
the shore, only by the fjord. However, the<br />
accompany<strong>in</strong>g species <strong>in</strong>dicates a seepage rock<br />
<strong>in</strong> the aerohal<strong>in</strong>e zone. It has not been<br />
recollected <strong>in</strong> the <strong>type</strong> locality recently, which<br />
is urgently needed as it may prove to be an<br />
unusual, specialized species <strong>in</strong> its genus.<br />
Thelidium sordidum Th.Fr.<br />
Type: Norway, F<strong>in</strong>nmark, Varanger, Aldsok,<br />
1868, Th. M. Fries (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong>, Fig. 14).<br />
Accord<strong>in</strong>g to Orange, who revised the <strong>type</strong><br />
specimen, this is probably an overmature<br />
specimen of a Verrucaria species of the V.<br />
murorum group, normally with simple spores.<br />
S<strong>in</strong>ce V. murorum is much more southern <strong>in</strong><br />
Scand<strong>in</strong>avia the identity of the <strong>type</strong> specimen<br />
rema<strong>in</strong>s obscure.<br />
Thelidium xyloderma Norman<br />
Type: Norway, Opland, Land, Aavella, 1880,<br />
J. M. Norman (S!, holo<strong>type</strong>).<br />
The <strong>type</strong> is a non-lichenized fungus grow<strong>in</strong>g on<br />
lignum covered by an algal sheet. This is<br />
accord<strong>in</strong>gly no lichen.<br />
Thrombium ebeneum Norman<br />
Type: Norway, Vestfold, Larvik, Jordfalden,<br />
1882, J. M. Norman (UPS!, holo<strong>type</strong>?).<br />
This species was established by Norman (1884)<br />
on the basis of its blackish green pigmentation<br />
of the fruitbody wall and the 4-spored asci<br />
(also observed by us), which separates it <strong>from</strong><br />
T. epigaeum, a comb<strong>in</strong>ation of <strong>in</strong>dependent<br />
characters which normally would <strong>in</strong>dicate an<br />
autonomous species. S<strong>in</strong>ce it, however, has not<br />
been collected anywhere else, this establishes<br />
doubt as to whether it was an accidental<br />
variation of that species. The matter can only<br />
be conclusively solved when more material is<br />
discovered, so a search <strong>in</strong> the region is urgently<br />
required. There ought to be another specimen<br />
Figure 14. Thelidium sordidum, draw<strong>in</strong>g by<br />
A. Orange attatched to the <strong>type</strong> specimen.<br />
<strong>in</strong> a <strong>Norwegian</strong> herbarium, so we are uncerta<strong>in</strong><br />
about the status of the one found <strong>in</strong> UPS, where<br />
Norman usually did not place his <strong>type</strong>s.<br />
Verrucaria atlantica (H.Magn.)<br />
Type: Norway, Rogaland, Randaberg, 1939,<br />
A. H. Magnusson 16858 (UPS!, iso<strong>type</strong> for<br />
Dermatocarpon atlanticum H.Magn., Fig. 15).<br />
This <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g species has had a chequered<br />
nomenclatural history. When describ<strong>in</strong>g it<br />
Magnusson (1949) was obviously unaware of<br />
the older Dermatocarpon atlanticum Werner.<br />
Werner (1951) then <strong>in</strong>troduced a new name,<br />
Dermatocarpon magnussonii. Unaware of that,<br />
Magnusson (1952) presented another substitute,<br />
Dermatocarpon litorale. The comb<strong>in</strong>ation<br />
<strong>in</strong>to Verrucaria (Santesson et al.<br />
2004) was fortunately not formally made. As<br />
seen above, the basionym is illegitimate and<br />
the species appears not to belong <strong>in</strong> Verrucaria<br />
s.str., as understood by Gueidan et al. (2007).<br />
As po<strong>in</strong>ted out by Breuss (1990), it is closest<br />
related to ‘Dermatocarpon’ norrlandicum<br />
H.Magn., a rare and poorly understood species<br />
only <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> its <strong>type</strong> specimen <strong>from</strong><br />
Lycksele Lappmark, Sweden. A third species<br />
<strong>in</strong> this group <strong>in</strong> our region, Dermatocarpon<br />
nuoljae H.Magn., is also only <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> its<br />
<strong>type</strong> (<strong>from</strong> Torne Lappmark). The whole group<br />
is <strong>in</strong> urgent need of recollection and study, as it<br />
is difficult to evaluate the taxonomy based on<br />
these three specimens, and the material is too<br />
old for molecular studies. V. atlantica, though,<br />
appears to be rather distantly related to the two
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>) <strong>Lichens</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> <strong>Norwegian</strong> <strong>type</strong>s 16<br />
Figure 15. Verrucaria atlantica, part of<br />
iso<strong>type</strong>. Bar = 2 mm.<br />
alp<strong>in</strong>e members of the group, and it seems to be<br />
phytogeographically misplaced, with no close<br />
relatives <strong>in</strong> the British Isles. It is accord<strong>in</strong>gly crucial<br />
that it is searched for <strong>in</strong> the Stavanger region. The<br />
holo<strong>type</strong> <strong>in</strong> UPS has been mislaid.<br />
Verrucaria lyngei Servit<br />
Type: Norway, F<strong>in</strong>nmark, Kåfjord, Sakkobani,<br />
1917, B. Lynge (not traced).<br />
The <strong>type</strong> has not been possible to trace, but <strong>in</strong><br />
O there are two other specimens labelled (<strong>in</strong><br />
Lynge’s handwrit<strong>in</strong>g) Verrucaria lyngei<br />
Zschacke, collected by Lynge <strong>in</strong> Voss, Lid <strong>in</strong><br />
1919. It has, however, not been possible to f<strong>in</strong>d<br />
Zschacke’s name published, nor is there any<br />
<strong>in</strong>dication that Servit just took up an older<br />
herbarium name. So there is no evidence that<br />
Servit ever studied these specimens. S<strong>in</strong>ce<br />
Servit published the name after Lynge’s death<br />
it is impossible that Lynge had any knowledge<br />
of his name. Accord<strong>in</strong>gly, the identity of this<br />
species, based only on the description, rema<strong>in</strong>s<br />
unclear, although there is an illustration to<br />
assist the <strong>in</strong>terpretation.<br />
Verrucaria magnussoniana Servit<br />
Type: Norway, Akershus, Asker, Nesön, 1947,<br />
A. H. Magnusson (not traced).<br />
Though the <strong>type</strong> has not been traced there can<br />
be no doubt that Servit’s name is based on a<br />
duplicate of the holo<strong>type</strong> of the next name.<br />
Servit was evidently unaware of that Magnusson<br />
himself a few years (1948) before had<br />
published a name for this, so the name is a<br />
taxonomic synonym of Verrucaria osloënsis<br />
(for further comments see below).<br />
Verrucaria osloënsis H.Magn.<br />
Type: Norway, Akershus, Asker, S of Nesön<br />
(Nesøya), Djupalen islet, alt. 2 m, 17.VII.1947,<br />
A. H. Magnusson 20849 (O!, holo<strong>type</strong>)<br />
Magnusson (1948) compared this species with<br />
Verrucaria thromboides A.Massal., a rare<br />
lichen described <strong>from</strong> Italy. It would, however,<br />
have been closer at hand to check it aga<strong>in</strong>st the<br />
related, better <strong>known</strong> V. macrostoma, which<br />
was already <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> the region. We have<br />
not found any differences of taxonomic<br />
importance between the two of them, and<br />
without hav<strong>in</strong>g studied the <strong>type</strong> or the variation<br />
on a larger scale, we th<strong>in</strong>k Magnusson’s<br />
species should be <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> V. macrostoma,<br />
pend<strong>in</strong>g a revision of the whole group.<br />
Conclusion<br />
About 50 lichen species are <strong>known</strong> with<br />
certa<strong>in</strong>ty ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>from</strong> their <strong>Norwegian</strong> <strong>type</strong><br />
specimens. We accept only a few (15) of these<br />
as dist<strong>in</strong>ct species (Table 1), most of which are<br />
certa<strong>in</strong>ly not endemic, except the two Lecidea<br />
species <strong>from</strong> the summit of Galdhøpiggen<br />
mounta<strong>in</strong>. The others belong <strong>in</strong> difficult, poorly<br />
understood species complexes and are <strong>in</strong> need<br />
of further studies before their true status can be<br />
decided. Most of them appear to be dubious or<br />
synonyms of other accepted taxa, or <strong>in</strong>deed<br />
names that ought to be applied for more<br />
widespread species. We therefore suspect that<br />
the majority of these probable endemics will<br />
disappear after closer studies of fresh material,<br />
s<strong>in</strong>ce it is highly unlikely that Norway has such<br />
a high number of endemic lichen species.
17 Per Magnus Jørgensen & Anders Nord<strong>in</strong> GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>)<br />
Table 1. Overview of the status of the treated species. Accepted species <strong>in</strong> bold.<br />
Treated species Status<br />
Acarospora impressula Species concept needs revision<br />
Acarospora rosulata Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species<br />
Acarospora verruciformis Species concept needs revision<br />
Aspicilia alexandri = Aspilidea myr<strong>in</strong>ii<br />
Aspicilia austronorvegica = Aspilidea myr<strong>in</strong>ii<br />
Aspicilia lecideoidea Type not located, probably Aspilidea myr<strong>in</strong>ii<br />
Aspicilia mazar<strong>in</strong>a = Aspicilia aquatica nom. cons. prop.<br />
Aspicilia nordlandica Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species<br />
Aspicilia scabrida = Aspicilia epiglypta<br />
Aspicilia subarctica = Aspicilia zonata<br />
Aspicilia tromsoënsis = Aspicilia zonata<br />
Bacidia luridoglaucella = Bacid<strong>in</strong>a <strong>in</strong>undata<br />
Bacidia verecundula Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species<br />
Biatora troendelagica Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species<br />
Buellia tesserata Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species<br />
Caloplaca dovrensis More material needed, uncerta<strong>in</strong><br />
Caloplaca havaasii Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species<br />
Helocarpon pulverulum Probably a growthform of H. crassipes<br />
Ionaspis granv<strong>in</strong>a Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species<br />
Lecanora dovrensis Uncerta<strong>in</strong> status<br />
Lecanora <strong>in</strong>amoenea Uncerta<strong>in</strong> status<br />
Lecanora paupera Name not applicable to any taxon at present<br />
Lecidea altissima Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species, not a Lecidea s.str.<br />
Lecidea atrocuprea = Tremolecia atrata<br />
Lecidea epiploica = Calvitimela perlata nom. cons. prop.<br />
Lecidea hardangeriana = Miriquidica leucophaea s.lat.<br />
Lecidea ileiformis Calvitimela cf. aglaea, more material needed<br />
Lecidea <strong>in</strong>venusta = Miriquidica leucophaea s.lat.<br />
Lecidea ludificans Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species, not a Lecidea s.str.<br />
Lecidea mougeot<strong>in</strong>oides Adelolecia sp., more material needed<br />
Lecidea sarcodea = Bryonora curvescens<br />
Lecidea subapplanata Miriquidica cf. complanata, more material needed<br />
Lecidea subreagens Uncerta<strong>in</strong> status, <strong>type</strong> not located<br />
Lecidea tuberculifera = Lecanora formosa<br />
Lepraria bergensis Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species<br />
Metamelanea caesiella Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species<br />
Micarea lynceola Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species<br />
Micarea osloënsis Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species<br />
Pertusaria porospora ? Varicellaria rhodocarpa abnormally developed<br />
Polyblastia sakkobanensis A Sporodictyon sp. with uncerta<strong>in</strong> status, more material needed<br />
Polyblastia subocellata = Sporodictyon cf. terrestris<br />
Polyblastia terrigena Uncerta<strong>in</strong> status, possibly a Thelidium<br />
Pyrenopsis reducta Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species<br />
R<strong>in</strong>od<strong>in</strong>a malangica Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species<br />
Thelidium scotodes ? Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species, more material needed<br />
Thelidium sordidum A Verrucaria sp. with uncerta<strong>in</strong> status<br />
Thelidium xyloderma Non-lichenized fungus<br />
Thrombium ebeneum Uncerta<strong>in</strong> status<br />
Verrucaria atlantica ? Well-def<strong>in</strong>ed species, more material needed, not a Verrucaria<br />
Verrucaria lyngei Uncerta<strong>in</strong> status, <strong>type</strong> not located<br />
Verrucaria magnussoniana = Verrucaria macrostoma<br />
Verrucaria osloënsis = Verrucaria macrostoma
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 21 (<strong>2009</strong>) <strong>Lichens</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>known</strong> <strong>from</strong> <strong>Norwegian</strong> <strong>type</strong>s 18<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
We are <strong>in</strong>debted to the cited herbaria for loan<br />
of material, and particularly to our generous<br />
colleagues H. Blom, S. Ekman, H. Hertel, R.<br />
Moberg, A. Orange, Z. Palice, C. Pr<strong>in</strong>tzen, S.<br />
Savić, U. Søcht<strong>in</strong>g, L. Tibell, E. Timdal, T.<br />
Tønsberg, and O. Vitika<strong>in</strong>en for expert advice,<br />
which has been <strong>in</strong>despensable for the<br />
comments to the <strong>type</strong> specimens. A. Botnen<br />
provided highly appreciated services <strong>in</strong><br />
herbarium BG and J. Berge and B. Helle k<strong>in</strong>dly<br />
assisted with some of the illustrations.<br />
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