Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 113 Map 2 Micarea alabastrites # 1950 onwards O Before 1950 Thallus effuse, endoxylic, or epixylic, then whitish and irregularly verrucose to 100 /xm thick, sometimes becoming secondarily rimose, but without distinct primary areolae; in section, without an amorphous covering layer. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-7 ^tm diam. Apothecia numerous, few, or absent, immarginate, convex, adnate, often becoming tuberculate, pale reddish brown, dull orange-brown or red-brown, 0- 15-0-35 mm diam, or to 0-6 mm when tuberculate, Hymenium 38-50 /zm tall, ± hyahne with irregular, dilute red-brown (K— , or dulling) blotches, especially in upper part. Asci clavate or cylindrical-clavate, 35^5 x 10-12 /xm. Spores oblong-ovoid to fusiform or ± bifusiform, often slightly curved, (0-)l(-2 or ?-3)-septate, 9-14(-16)x2-5-4(-4-5) jxm. Paraphyses rather numerous, simple or sparingly branched, many becoming much branched above with their apices entangled, 0-6-1 /xm wide; apices often irregularly incrassate, hyaline and up to l-5(-2) ^im wide, or sometimes thickened with reddish brown pigment and up to 3 ^tm wide. Hypothecium c. 60-110 ^lm. tall, hyaline. Excipulum thin but clearly seen in sections as a reddish brown reflexed zone; hyphae radiating, branched and anastomosing, hyaline and c. 1 fxm wide, but becoming thickened with brownish pigment and up to 2 jxm wide in the outer excipulum. Pycnidia usually numerous; of two types: (a) sessile on old apothecia, but more usually borne on slender stalks (pycnidiophores) which arise from the thallus or in some cases from old apothecia; 70-250 yam tall and 40-70 ^tm diam (overall); stalks pallid but often with reddish brown blotches, glabrous, simple, or sometimes branched and bearing two or three pycnidia; pycnidia (excluding stalk) short cylindrical or slightly tapering inwards above, 40-80 /xm tall and 40-70 /xm diam, with dark reddish brown walls, K- or duUing; conidia {mesoconidia) cylindric-
114 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS al, often faintly biguttulate and slightly constricted in the middle, 3-5-4-5xl-2-l-6 /xm; (b) sessile on the thallus or old apothecia, c. 30-40 /xm diam, with dark reddish brown walls, K— or dulling; conidia (microconidia) narrowly cylindrical, (3-2-)3-6-4-5x0-7-0-9 /xm. Chemistry: Thallus K— , C— detected by t. I.e. , PD— ; sections of thallus and apothecia C-; no substances Observations: Micarea anterior is characterised by its reddish brown apothecia, rather narrow, mostly 1-septate spores, pale pycnidiophores bearing dark brown pycnidia, and a ± endoxylic, or thin and irregularly verrucose, thallus. Stalked pycnidia are a feature of several other hgnicolous species (e.g. M. melaeniza, M. misella, M. nigella, and the occasionally lignicolous M. botryaides), but in those species the pycnidiophores appear black and have different pigmentations when examined microscopically. The pycnidiophores of M. hedlundii are brownish but distinctly tomentose, and those of the normally corticolous M. pycnidiophora and M. stipitata are entirely hyaline. M. adnata has its mesoconidia produced in immersed pycnidia and has macroconidia borne on small apothecia-like sporodochia; further distinguishing features from M. anterior include a ± waxy appearance of the whole plant, mostly paler apothecia, and relatively broader spores with rounded apices. Richly fertile specimens of M. anterior could be confused with Catillaria erysiboides {q. v. ) but that species has marginate young apothecia, short ovoid spores, and a non-micareoid phycobiont. Habitat and distribution: M. anterior is found on the rather soft and smooth lignum of decorticate trunks of Picea and Pinus, and associated with such species as Cetraria pinastri, Cladonia spp., Hypogymnia physodes, Lecidea icmalea, Lepraria incana agg., Micarea adnata, M. contexta, M. misella, M. prasina, Parmeliopsis ambigua, P. hyperopta, Pertusaria pupillaris, and the non-lichenised Cryptodiscus pallidas. It is a rare or overlooked species, apparently confined to Scandinavia, from where it is known from several locahties in middle and southern Sweden, and south-west Finland. Exsiccata: Malme Lich. Suec. 22 (M, S). 4. M. assimilata (Nyl.) Coppins, comb. nov. (Fig. 9; Map 3) Lecidea assimilata Nyl., Lich Scand.: 221 (1861). Type: Norway, Nordland, Helgeland, M. N. Blytt (H-NYL 16556- lectotype!). Lecidea assimilata a. [var.] irrubata Th. Fr., Lich. Scand. 2: 522 (1874); nom. inval. (Art. 26). Thallus growing on bryophytes, plant debris or sandy soil, composed of confluent, irregular, convex-verrucose, sometimes flattened and subeffigurate areolae that are often intermixed with cephalodia. Areolae white or brownish white, matt or sometimes glossy, 0-08-0-4 mm diam; in section, sometimes with a hyaline amorphous covering layer up to 7 /xm thick, outermost hyphae hyahne; a ± algal-free medulla sometimes differentiated in large areolae. Thallus hyphae c. T8-3 /xm diam. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4—7 fxm diam. Cephalodia often present, irregularly globose and hidden amongst the areolae, sometimes visible externally as brown areolae-like structures, 0-2-0-4 mm diam; containing Nostoc, cells 3-5 fxm diam. Less often present are irregular, rather loose clusters (? cephalodia) of Stigonema. Apothecia numerous, immarginate, convex to subglobose, matt or ± glossy (subnitid), 0-3-0-8 mm diam, sometimes forming tuberculate clusters up to T5 mm diam. Hymenium, 45-50 /xm tall; upper part (epithecium) dark aeruginose, olivaceous or brownish-green, K— HNO3+ red; mid-hymenium dilute greenish; lower hymenium dilute greenish and K— , or dilute purplish and K-l- purple intensifying or K-l- sordid green. Asci clavate, 45-50x 12-14 /xm. Spores oblong-ellipsoid to oblong-fusiform, 0(-l)-septate, (10-)12-16(-19)x3-5 /xm. Paraphyses numerous, simple below, but often forked or branched above, 1-5-1 •7(-2) jxm wide, sometimes widening above to 3 /xm; apical walls hyaline although surrounded by densely pigmented gel-matrix. Hypothecium c. 150-400 /xm tall, dark purple brown, K-t- purple intensifying or (especially in upper part) K-l- dark green; all parts HNO3-I- purple-red; hyphae interwoven but ,
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34. Micarea prasina Fr. LICHEN GENU
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conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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