Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 111 Map 1 Micarea adnata # 1950 onwards O Before 1950 Pycnidia usually present, white with hyaline walls, of two types: (a) immersed in areolae, c. 100-220 /xm diam, ostiole often widely gaping; conidia (macroconidia) markedly curved, often sigmoid, sometimes faintly 3-5-septate, 21-55 xc. 1 (xm; (b) ± sessile, c. 50-100 ^tm diam, ostiole not, or only slightly gaping; conidia (microconidia) narrowly fusiform-cylindrical, 5-7x0-5-0-7/am. Chemistry: Thallus and apothecia C-l- red; t.l.c: gyrophoric acid. Observations: M. alabastrites is morphologically and chemically very similar to M. peliocarpa, and it could easily be dismissed as representing a pale, shade form of that species. Apart from the complete absence of pigment from all its tissues, M. alabastrites is subtly different from M. peliocarpa in having slightly larger apothecia and spores. Shade forms of M. peliocarpa are usually sparingly fertile with scattered apothecia, whereas the apothecia of M. alabastrites are almost invariably numerous, crowded and often confluent. My early doubts regarding the distinction of these two species were dispelled by the collection, on several occasions, of M. alabastrites with adjacent thalli of M. peliocarpa with blackish apothecia; the slight differences in the sizes of apothecia and spores were confirmed with these collections. The two species also differ somewhat in distribution and habitat; M. peliocarpa is widely distributed throughout much of Europe on a wide range of substrata (tree trunks, mossy rocks peaty soil etc.); whereas M. alabastrites has a hyperoceanic distribution and occurs on tree trunks (or on bryophytes thereon) and occasionally lignum, but apparently never on mossy rocks or peaty soil. In the recent checklist of British lichens (Hawksworth et al, 1980) I mistakenly placed
112 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 4 Diagnostic features for the separation of Micarea alabastrites, M. cinerea, and M. peliocarpa. Apothecia size (mm) Apothecia colour Hymenium height (/xm) Spore septation Spore length (/xm) Spore breadth Macroconidia shape Macroconidia length (/xm) Thallus colour peliocarpa alabastrites cinerea 0.14^0-4(-0-6) pallid to black 40-55 (l-)3(-5) (ll-)15-23(-24) 3-5(-6) curved-sigmoid 21^0(-50) greenish white to dark blue-grey 0-2-0-7 whitish or pallid 45-55 3(-7) (16-)18-26(-29) (4-)4-5-5(-6) curved-sigmoid 21-55 greenish white or pale green 0-2-0-7 pallid to black 55-70 (3-)7 (19-)23-34(-38) 4-5-6 flexuose 50-110 greenish white to dark blue-grey 'alabastrites' as a synonym of M. cinerea. At that time I had only seen the fragmentary isotype of Lecidea alabastrites in BM; I found this to have a few 7-septate spores and considered it a juvenile, shade-form of M. cinerea. Subsequent examination of the holotype (a large, healthy specimen) proved me to be wrong, and that it actually belonged to a hyperoceanic species which I had intended to describe as new to science. M. cinerea is another close relative of M. alabastrites and is more prone to occur with ± pallid apothecia than M. peliocarpa. It differs from both these species in having spores which are mostly 7-septate at maturity, and macroconidia which are flexuose and much longer; for a comparison of these three species see Table 4. Occasional 7-septate spores have been found in several specimens of M. alabastrites, but they never number more than two or three in each squash preparation. M. alabastrites is one of the several lichens, named 'Bacidia (or Bilimbia) sphaeroides' by British lichenologists. This name is based on Lichen sphaeroides Dickson, which is a species of Biatora Fr. (non Ach.) and currently known as Catillaria sphaeroides (Dickson) Schuler. The name Bacidia sphaeroides as commonly used by Scandinavian workers refers to a species (not known in Britain) which also belongs in Biatora; its correct name (basionym) is probably Bilimbia tetramera de Not. Habitat and distribution: In the British Isles M. alabastrites is mainly found in communities of the Parmelietum laevigatae association on the trunks of Quercus, Betula, and, more rarely, Alnus, Fagus, Crataegus, Ilex, Pinus, Pseudotsuga, and Juniperus. Associated lichens include Bryoria fuscescens, Catillaria pulverea, Cladonia spp., Hypogymnia physodes, Lepraria incana agg., Micarea cinerea, M. peliocarpa, M. stipitata, M. synotheoides, Mycoblastus sanguinarius, M. sterilis, Parmelia crinita, P. laevigata, P. saxatilis, Platismatia glauca, Sphaerophorus globosus, and Usnea spp. Occasionally it is found on lignum of fallen decorticate trunks, especially in the western native pinewoods; associated species include Lecidea granulosa agg., Micarea lignaria, M. peliocarpa, and Platismatia glauca. To date, it is not known to occur on mossy boulders, directly on rock, or on the ground on peaty debris, etc. Its distribution in the British Isles is correlated with areas experiencing at least 180 'wet days' per annum and is referable to the 'General Western Group' of Coppins (1976). Elsewhere it is known from western Norway (Hordaland), the Azores (on Cryptomeria), and the Canary Islands {on Erica arborea). 3. Micarea anterior (Nyl.) Hedl. (Figs7B,38C-D) in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 76, 86 (1892). - Lecidea anteriorNyl. in Flora, Jena 58: 299 (1875). - Catillaria anterior (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Cat. lich. univ. 4: 29 (1926). Type: Finland, Tavastia australis, Asikkala, 1863, /. P. Norrlin (H-NYL 21655 - lectotype!; H - isolectotypes!). Micarea anterior i. diluta Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 76, 86 (1892). Type: Sweden, Halsingland, Jarvso, vii 1890,7. T. Hedlund{S-ho\o\ypt\; UPS -isotype!).
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conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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