Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 107 54a (53b) Spores ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, (6-)7-10x(2-3-)3-4-5 fxm. Apothecia 0-2-0-5 mm diam, or reaching 1-2 mm when tuberculate. Conidia 3-8-6(-6-6) x 1-1 •7(-2) fjivn 41.M. syIvicoIa(p. 186) 54b Spores ovoid, oblong-ovoid or dacryoid, never ellipsoid, smaller, mostly less than 8 /u,m long and 2-4 fxm wide. Non-tuberculate apothecia usually smaller, rarely exceeding 0-3 mm diam. Conidia, if present, shorter 55 55a (54b) Spores 0-1-septate, 5-8(-9) x 1 •5-2-5 fxm. Hypothecium much darker than hymenium. Pycnidia often present, 60-120 ^tm diam; wall dark green. Conidia 3-4-3x 1-1-4 fxm. Phycobiont cells ± globose, c. 5-12 /xm diam, never in short chains.. 44. M. tuberculata (p. 192) [if similar but phycobiont micareoid, see 58a] 55b Spores simple, 3-6xl-l-7(-2) fim. Hypothecium concolorous with, or paler than, hymenium. Pycnidia unknown. Phycobiont cells ± globose, eUipsoid or oblong, 5-12(-18)x 3-8 fim, often in pairs or short chains Psilolechia clavulifera (p. 201) 56a (52b) Spores simple, 6-5-10x2-5-3-7 /xm. Sessile or stalked, black pycnidia present. Hypothecium purple-brown, K-l- green 29. M. nigella (p. 163) 56b Spores (0-)l -septate. Pycnidia innate, never stalked 57 57a (56b) Spores narrow, oblong-fusiform, 9-14(-16)x 1-8-2-5 /u.m. Hypothecium purple-brown, K-l- green. Hymenium bright green in upper part. HyaHne paraphyses rather scanty, thin, 0-7-0-8 /Am wide. Pycnidia with mesoconidia3-9-5-5xl-l-4/Ltm 13. M. exima (p. 134) 57b Spores broader , 2 - 5 fim or more in width , oblong with ± rounded apices , or ovoid 58 58a (57b) Hyahne paraphyses numerous, 1-1-2 ^tm wide. Hypothecium dark sordid-olivaceous or ohve-brown, without any purple tinge in water or K. Hymenium oHvaceous green. Spores oblong or ovoid-oblong, (0-)l -septate, (7-)9-12-3x 2-5-3-5 /u,m. Pycnidia with mesoconidia3-4-2x 1-1-3 /xm 31. M. olivacea (p. 167) 58b Hyaline paraphyses scanty or numerous, thin, 0-6-1 /xm wide. Hypothecium often with purple tinge in water or K, green and purple pigments often intermixed 59 59a (58b) Spores ovoid or oblong ovoid, 1-septate, 7-13(-14)x(2-3-)3^-5 fim. Apothecia 0-1-0-2 /xm diam, or reaching 0-3 mm when tuberculate. Thallus endoxylic. Microconidia 4-5x0-8-1 /am; mesoconidia3-8^-7x 1-3-1-8 />tm;macroconidia unknown 8. M. contexta (p. 124) 59b Spores oblong or ovoid oblong, at first 1-septate, becoming 3-septate at maturity. Apothecia 0-12-0-4 mm diam, or reaching 0-5 mm when tuberculate. Thallus superficial, containing gyrophoric acid when well developed. Microconidia 4-8-7x0-8-1 /xm; mesoconidia unknown; macroconidia curved, 18-33 x 1-1 -5 /im. Immature forms 22. M. melaena (p. 150) Key to European species that may occur without apothecia Notes: all species included here have micareoid algae; all species with stalked pycnidia are included here. la Thallus of fragile ash-grey or grey-brown granular-areolae often dissolving or eroding to form sorediate patches; PD -I- yellow or red . Pycnidia absent 2 lb Thallus otherwise , PD - . Pycnidia usually present and conspicuous ( x 20 lens) 3 2a (la) Thallus C-l- red, PD -I- red (gyrophoric acid and argopsin) 18. M. leprosula (p. 140) 2b Thallus C+ red (often faint), KC-I- red, PD+ deep yellow (alectorialic acid) 38. M. subleprosula (p. 182) 3a (lb) With stalked or sessile pycnidia containing mesoconidia (smaller ± immersed pycnidia containing microconidia sometimes present) ; never with curved or flexuose macroconidia 4 3b Pycnidia innate sometimes becoming emergent with gaping ostioles, or with small sessile apothecia-Hke sporodochia; pycnidia sometimes containing curved or flexuose macroconidia 4a (3a) Pycnidia black -^ 4b Pycnidia whitish to reddish brown, never black ° 5a (4a) Pycnidial wall oHvaceous brown, K-l- violet. Mesoconidia 3-5-5 x 1-1 -5(-l -7) fim 5b Pycnidial wall K- or K-l- olivaceous 11 26. M. misella (p. 158) "
108 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 6a (5b) Pycnidial wall and stalk dark purple-brown, K-l- dark green. Mesoconidia 3-4-4-3X l-2-l-6)u,m 29. M. nigella (p. 163) 6b Pycnidial wall dark olivaceous, K— ; stalk fuscous or reddish-brown, K— 7 7a (6b) Mesoconidia 3-5-4-8X 1-1-5 /xm. On bryophytes, shaded rocks and stones or exposed roots, rarely on lignum 6. M. botryoides (p. 118) 7b Mesoconidia2-6-3-6xl-l-3/Lim. Onlignum 24. M. melaeniza (p. 155) 8a (4b) Thallus of pale to dark green goniocysts, 12-40 /x.m diam; goniocysts containing purple oily substance in K. Pycnidia brown with white tomentum. Mesoconidia (4-)4-5(-6)x 1-3-1-7/xm 15. M. hedlundii (p. 135) 8b Thallus indistinctly areolate or rimose, or endoxylic, without goniocysts, K— . Pycnidia without tomentum 9 9a (8b) Pycnidia whitish, C-l- red (gyrophoric acid) . Mesoconidia 4—6 x 1-1-5 /im 35. M. pycnidiophora (p. 179) 9b Pycnidia C— , whitish or reddish brown 10 10a (9b) Pycnidia whitish, often branched. Mesoconidia 6-8x1-1-8 ^tm. Usually on bark, in oceanic areas 37. M. stipitata (p. 182) 10b Pycnidia reddish brown, rarely branched. Mesoconidia 3-5-4-5 x 1-2-1-6 fim. On lignum in boreal regions 3. M. anterior (p. 112) 11a (3b) With whitish, cushion-like, apothecia-like sporodochia c. 0-1-0-25 mm diam, bearing oblong-ellipsoid macroconidia 6-10x2-3 /xm (immersed, inconspicuous pycnidia containing mesoconidia 4-5-3x1-2-1-5 /am may also be present). All parts C- (t.l.c: nil). On lignum or decaying bark of old stumps 1. M. adnata (p. 108) lib Sporodochia absent . Thallus and/or pycnidia C -I- red (gyrophoric acid) or C - (t . 1 . c . : 'prasina unknowns') 12 12a (lib) Thallus of pale to dark green (sometimes K-l- violet) goniocysts 12-60 /x,m; pycnidia, if present, 30-80 yam diam containing either (5-)5 -5-8x0-7-1 /xm microconidia, or (3-5-)4-6 X 1-2-1-7 ^tm mesoconidia. All parts C- (t.l.c. : 'prasina unknowns') 34. M. prasina (p. 173) 12b Thallus areolate, or scurfy (invaded by dematiaceous hyphae and foreign algae), or ± endoxylic; thallus and/or pycnidia usually C-l- red (gyrophoric acid) ; sometimes with curved or flexuose macroconidia 13 13a (12b) With numerous pycnidia containing mesoconidia, 3-5-4-5x1-3-2 /xm, often extruded as conspicuous white blobs; in addition, pycnidia containing microconidia (4-)4-5-6(-6-5)x 0-7-1 /xm, or curved macroconidia 12-12x1 /xm, sometimes present; pycnidia walls with pale olivaceous pigment, K-l- violet. Usually on lignum, commonly on worked timber 11. M. denigrata(p. 127) 13b Pycnidia usually with longer, curved or flexuose macroconidia; smaller pycnidia with microconidia sometimes present; mesoconidia unknown; pycnidial walls hyaline or greenish, K— On various substrata, rarely on worked timber 14 14a (13b) Macroconidia curved or hamate, 21-40x1-1-5 /xm. Microconidia (5-)6-7(-7-7)x 0-4-0-7 IX,. On various substrata but most commonly encountered without apothecia on bark of old trees (especially Quercus) in old woodlands 33. M. peliocarpa (p. 169) 14b Macroconidia flexuose, 50-110x1 ixm. Microconidia (3-8-)4-5x0-5-0-7 /xm. Seen without apothecia on shaded lignum in woodland, and over bryophytes in open montane situations 1. Micarea adnata Coppins, sp. nov. (Figs 7A, 36-37; Map 1) The species 7. M. cinerea (p. 121) Thallus effusus, tenuis, ± laevis vel furfuraceo-granulosus, pallide griseo-viridis, plerumque nonnihil cereus. Algae cellulis 4—7 fxm diam. Apothecia pallide eburnea vel straminea vel demum pallide rufescen- tia, immarginata, adnata, primum planiuscula mox convexa, 0-2-0-4(-0-6) mm diam, interdum coalescentia in fasciculosos noduliformes ad 2 mm diam. Hymenium 35-40 ^im altum, ± hyalinum. Ascosporae ellipsoideae, ovoideae, oblongo-ellipsoideae, oblongo-ovoideae vel oblongae, (O-)l-septatae, 9-16x .
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
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34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
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36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
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38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
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40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
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42 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 16 M. in
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44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
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46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
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48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
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50 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 24 A, M.
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52 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 26 M. pr
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54 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS VJ Fig. 28 A,
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE Tabl
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32. Micarea osloensis (Th. Fr.) Hed
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34. Micarea prasina Fr. LICHEN GENU
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conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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