Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 105 32a (31b) Apothecia pale reddish or orange-brown, small, 0-15-0-35 mm diam, sometimes tuberculate and up to 0-6 mm diam, but never forming large nodulose clusters. Spores ovoid-fusiform, often slightly curved, (0-)l(-3)-septate, 9-16x2-5-4-5 /xm. Pale reddish brown, stalked pycnidia often present. Thallus usually poorly developed, never waxy 3. M. anterior (p. 112) 32b Apothecia pallid, at first ± plane and adnate, 0-2-0-4(-0-6) mm diam, later often coalescing to form large nodulose clusters up to 2 mm wide. Spores ellipsoid, ovoid or oblong, never curved, (0-)l -septate, 9-16x3-5 ixm. Without stalked pycnidia, but white, convex sporodochia (0-1-0-25 mm diam) usually present, bearing simple, ellipsoid macroconidia, 6-10x2-3 /um l.M. adnata (p. 108) 33a (30b) Thallus and apothecia sections C-l- red (? gyrophoric acid). Epithecium fuscous-brown. Hypothecium pale. Spores markedly curved, 1-septate , 9-12 x 2-5^ fim . On rock 10. M. curvata (p. 126) 33b Thallus and apothecia sections C—; without remaining combination of characters 34 34a (33b) Upper hymenium with well defined fuscous-brown epithecium, pigment unchanged in colour but dissolving into solutions in K. Hypothecium hyaline to dilute yellowish brown. Phycobiont micareoid. Mostly on lignum or old bark 35 34b Upper hymenium otherwise; if fuscous-brown then pigment not dissolving in K and plant not on bark or lignum. Hypothecium hyaline, pale or dark. Phycobiont micareoid or not. Substrata various 36 35a (34a) Spores 0-l(-3)-septate, (9-)ll-15(-19)x 2-3-5 /am. Thallus of dispersed to contiguous, whitish, grey-brown or olivaceous-brown, convex to ± globose areolae. On lignum or old bark, very rarely on rock 12. M. elachista . (p 131 35b Spores 0(-l)-septate, 6-9-5 x 1 -5-2-3 /xm. Thallus endoxyUc. On lignum 36. M. rhabdogena (p. 181) 36a (34b) Hypothecium hyaHne, yellowish, dilute orange-brown or dilute greenish, not blackish in thick sections 37 36b Hypothecium dark throughout, often blackish in thick section 42 37a (36a) Apothecia dark brown or black. Spores 0-1-septate, c. 9-14x4—6 ± m. On exposed rocks 38 37b Apothecia pale; if dark then spores simple and/or smaller. In sheltered situations on shaded rocks, exposed tree-roots etc 39 38a (37a) Upper hymenium brown. Phycobiont micareoid. Pycnidia usually present, with either helicoid macroconidia or cylindrical microconidia 39. M. subnigrata (p. 183) 38b Upper hymenium green. Phycobiont not micareoid, thick-walled, 7-21 /xm diam. Pycnidia unknown 17. M. intrusa (p. 138) 39a (37b) Spores small, in range, 4-8-5x1-2-5 /xm, single or 1-septate. Apothecia small, mostly less than 0-3 mm diam 40 39b Spores larger, c. 7-10x3^-5 fim, simple. Apothecia usually larger, often more than 0-3 mm diam 41 40a (39a) Spores mostly 1-septate, 6-8-5x1-5-2-5 /xm. Apothecia orange-brown or reddish brown . Hypothecium dilute orange-brown . Phycobiont (?) micareoid , cells 4-7 /am 28. M. myriocarpa (p. 161) 40b Spores simple, 3-6x1-2 /am. Apothecia blue-grey to blackish. Hypothecium dilute green. Phycobiont cells 5-12(-18)x 3-8 /am, often in pairs or short chains Psilolechia clavuiifera (p. 201) 41a (39b) Phycobiont not micareoid, cells 5-12 /am diam. Apothecia pallid to black. Upper hymenium hyaline to dark green or aeruginose. Hypothecium hyaline, or dilute greenish in upper parts 5. M. bauschiana (p. 117) 41b Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-8 /am diam. Apothecia pallid, dull yellowish-orange to reddish brown. Upper hymenium hyaline. Hypothecium straw-yellow to dilute orange-brown 20. M. lithinella (p. 147) 42a (36b) Hypothecium fuscous or ± reddish brown, without distinct purple or greenish tinges in water or K, HNO3- or -I- bright orange-brown, never -I- purple-red 43 42b Hypothecium with distinct purple or greenish tinge in water and/or K, HN03-F purple-red 50 )
106 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 43a (42a) Pycnidia conspicuous, black , sessile or stalked 44 43b Pycnidia inconspicuous and immersed, or absent 45 44a (43a) Spores simple, 5-9x2-5-3-8 /xm. Conidia 2-6-3-6X 1-1 -3 fim. On lignum 24. M. melaeniza (p. 155) 44b Spores 0-l(-3)-septate,8-13(-16)x2.3^)u,m. Conidia 3 • 5-4-8 x 1-1-5 />tm. On shaded rocks, decaying bryophytes, exposed tree roots or loose stones , rarely on bark or lignum 6. M. botryoides (p. 118) 45a (43b) On rocks, loose stones, consolidated soil, dry bryophyte mats or exposed tree roots in underhangs, or on lignum 46 45b On mineral soil, or over decaying bryophytes or plant debris on the ground; never in underhangs 48 46a (45a) Spores mostly 1-septate, 6-8-5x1-5-2-5 /xm. Hymenium hyaline or tinged orangebrown, never greenish. Hypothecium never blackish 28. M. myriocarpa (p. 161) 46b Spores simple. Hymenium often greenish or ± aeruginose. Hypothecium blackish in thick section 47 47a (46b) On sheltered rocks, rarely on exposed tree roots. Apothecia convex-globose, often tuberculate. Spores 6-8(-9)x2-3(-3-4) /xm. Hypothecium c. 120-360 fxm tall. Phycobiont not micareoid, cells 5-12 /xmdiam 21. M. lutulata (p. 148) 47b On Hgnum, rarely on rock. Apothecia convex-adnate, never tuberculate. Spores 9-12x 4-5 /im. Hypothecium c. 70-120 fim tall. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-7 fxm diam 27. M. muhrii (p. 160) 48a (45b) Spores simple , small , 6-9 - 5 x 3-4 /am . Upper hymenium brown without green or purple tinge in K. On exposed soil in woodland clearings (? sites of old bonfires) 32. M. osloensis (p. 169) 48b Spores larger, mostly over 10 ^tm long. Upper hymenium usually with greenish or purple tinge inK 49 49a (48b) Thallus blackish. Upper hymenium usually with green tinge in K. Spores simple, or often becoming 3-septate (10-)12-21(-25)x(3-5-)4-5 /xm. On exposed soil or truf on mountain summits or exposed ridges, or at lower altitudes in boreal regions 45. M. turfosa (p. 194) 49b Thallus whitish. Upper hymenium with purple tinge in K. Spores 0-1-septate, (7-)9-5-15x 3-4(-4-5)/am. On fine-sandy or argillaceous soil 23. M. melaenida (p. 154) 50a (42b) Thallus terricolous or muscicolous. Spores simple or 1-septate, mostly in range 9-19x3-4-5 /am. Paraphyses numerous, simple or sparingly branched, 1-1-5 /am wide 51 50b Thallus saxicolous, lignicolous or corticolous, not terricolous or if so (anomalous occurrences) then spores smaller or paraphyses thinner and much branched 52 51a (50a) On fine sandy or argillaceous soils, never muscicolous or on plant debris; at low altitudes. Apothecia immarginate, convex to hemisphaerical, adnate when young; in section without greenish pigmentation in K. Spores 1-septate, (7-)9-5-15 x 3-4 /am 23. M. melaenida (p. 154) 51b On bryophytes or plant debris, sometimes spreading on to sandy soil; in Arctic or Alpine situations. Apothecia, at least when young, marginate, and markedly constricted below, turbinate or short-stalked; in section (especially excipulum) with green pigmentation (often mixed with purple pigmentation) in K. Spores mostly simple, (9-)10-19(-21)x (2-5-)3-4-5/am 9. M. crassipes (p. 125) 52a (50b) Phycobiont not micareoid, cells 5-12 /am or more in diam. On shaded rocks in humid places (narrow ravines or woodlands), or in sheltered underhangs on rock, loose stones, exposed roots or consolidated soil ; rarely on lignum (old fence posts) 53 52b Phycobiont micareoid , cells 4-8 /am diam . Usually on lignum , rarely on shaded rock 56 53a (52a) Hypothecium dark reddish brown, K- or K± red intensifying, but not turning purplish or greenish. Hymenium hyaline, dilute green to aeruginose. Spores 6-8(-9)x 2-3(-3-4)/am 21. M. lutulata (p. 148) 53b Hypothecium distinctly greenish in K, more rarely purplish in part or in whole 54
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O' M' Bulletin of the British Museu
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. 18 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 11. M.denig
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20 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Micarea The g
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
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26 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS A B Fig. 2 'M
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30 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 5 Sketch
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32 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 6 Ascus
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34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
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36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
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38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
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40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
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42 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 16 M. in
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44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
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46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
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48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
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50 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 24 A, M.
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52 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 26 M. pr
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 155
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE Tabl
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32. Micarea osloensis (Th. Fr.) Hed
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34. Micarea prasina Fr. LICHEN GENU
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conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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