Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 103 13a (12a) Apothecia whitish, without pigmentation, epruinose, C+ red or C-. Phycobiont micareoid , cells 4-7 /xm diam . Pycnidia always abundant, sessile or stalked, whitish 14 13b Apothecia dark coloured (with brownish or greenish pigment in upper hymenium); if whitish then pruinose (epithecium finely granular) or not. Phycobiont not micareoid, many cells over 8 ^tm diam. Pycnidia (?) unknown; if present, then never conspicuous or stalked Scoliciosporum species [see Poelt & Vezda (1981)] 14a (13a) Apothecia and pycnidia C+ red (gyrophoric acid). Pycnidial structures mostly unbranched, 0- 1-0-3 mm tall; containing mesoconidia 4-6x1-1-5 fim [if spores fusiform and pycnidia immersed, see 23] 35. M. pycnidiophora (p. 179) 14b Apothecia and pycnidia C- . Pycnidial structures often branched, 0-3-0-8 mm tall; containing mesoconidia 6-8x1-1-8 )u,m 37. M. stipitata (p. 182) 15a (12b) Mature spores 3- or more septate, mostly over 15 fim long 16 15b Mature spores simple or 1-septate 28 16a (15a) Upper hymenium with distinct epithecial layer of dense fuscous-brown pigment (without green or purple tinge), K+ dissolving into a brown solution. Spors 0-l(— 3)-septate, (9-)ll-15(-20)x2-3-5/Am. Hypotheciumpale. Usually lignicolous 12. M. elachista (p. 131) 16b Upper hymenium otherwise, if brownish then pigment not dissolving into a brown solution. Hypothecium hyaline , pale or dark. Substrata various 17 17a (16b) Upper hymenium purple, K-l- intensifying. Hypothecium dark purple-brown. Rare form of 22. M. melaena (p. 150) 17b Upper hymenium hyaline , greenish (sometimes tinged brown) or aeruginose 18 18a (17b) Hypothecium dark in thin section 19 18b Hypothecium hyaline or with dilute greenish or brownish tinge 20 19a (18a) Hypothecium mottled reddish brown, K-, HNO3- or + orange-brown. Upper hymenium greenish, sometimes brownish in part. Hyaline paraphyses 1-1-5 /nm wide. Thallus always C- (gyrophoric acid absent) ;terricolous 45. M. turfosa (p. 194) 19b Hypothecium dark purplish brown, K-l- green or K-l- purple intensifying (often a mixture of both reactions, HNO3-I- purple-red. Hyaline paraphyses 0-8-1 /urn wide. Thallus when well developed C-f- red (gyrophoric acid) 22. M. melaena (p. 150) 20a (18b) Apothecia whitish, without pigmentation, C-l- red (gyrophoric acid). Spores mostly 20b 3-septate Apothecia pale grey to black, often with a greenish tinge; if whitish then spores mostly 7-septate (M. cinerea). Upper hymenium greenish to aeruginose. Apothecia sections C-, or C-l- orange-red (gyrophoric acid). Spores 3- or more septate 21a (20a) Apothecia usually numerous and crowded. Spores 3(-5)-septate, (16-)17-26(-28)x 4-5(-6) ^tm. On bark and lignum, often over bryophytes, in oceanic areas 2. M. alabastrites (p. 110) 21b Apothecia usually dispersed and usually with some hint of pigmentation. Spores (l-)3(-5)-septate, (ll-)15-23(-24)x3-5(-6) /am. Shade forms, occurring on bark of old trees (especially Quercus) or on rocks , of this widespread and variable species of various substrata (see 27a) 21 22 33. M. peliocarpa (p. 169) 22a (20b) Thallus of fragile (easily broken with point of dissecting needle) , ash-grey to grey-brown granular-areolae, often dissolving to form sorediate patches, PD-I- yellow or red. Usually sterile 22b Thallus of firm areolae or granules, or endoxylic, PD- or PD4- red (M. lignaria). Apothecia usually numerous 23a (22a) Thallus C-l- red, PD-I- red (gyrophoric acid and argopsin). Spores (l-)3-septate, 14-26(-29)x4-5-5/Ltm 18. M. leprosula (p. 140) 23b Thallus Cf+ red, KC-I- red, PD+ deep yellow (alectorialic acid). Spores 3-7(-9)-septate, 35-45(-60) X 5-6-5 /im 38. M. subleprosula (p. 182) 23 24
104 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 24a (22b) Thallus PD+ red and C- (argopsin), or PD- and C+ persistent orange (xanthone); gyrophoric acid absent. Apothecia black, ± globose, sessile or occasionally stipitate. Upper hymenium green (sometimes brownish in reflexed parts). Hypothecium pale, dilute greenish or brownish in upper part . Spores 3-7-septate , 16-36(-38) x 4-6(-7) fixn 25 24b Thallus PD— ; thallus and/or apothecia sections C+ red (soon fading; gyrophoric acid) or C— (no substances) . Apothecia often adnate at first 26 25a (24a) Areolae C-, PD+ red (argopsin), usually whitish or pale grey. Widespread and common, especially in upland areas 19a. M. lignaria var. Iignaria(p. 142) 25b Areolae C+ persistent orange, PD— (xanthone), usually whitish with yellowish (isabeUine) tinge. Local, confined to high rainfall areas, often with var. lignaria 19b. M. lignaria var. endoleuca (p. 146) 26a (24b) Spores (3-)5-7-septate, (19-)23-34(-34(-38)x4-5-6 fxm. Macroconidia filiform, flexuose, 50-1 10x1 jxm. Thallus and apothecia sections C+ red (gyrophoric acid) 7. M. cinerea (p. 121) 26b Spores mostly 3-septate (5-septate spores absent or in very low frequency), less than 25 (xm long. Macroconidia less than 50 /i-m long. Thallus and apothecia sections C+ red or C- 27 27a (26b) Thallus and apothecia sections C + red (gyrophoric acid) . Hypothecium usually hyaline Microconidia (5-)6-7(-7-7)x0-4-0-7 /xm; mesoconidia unknown; macroconidia curved, 27b 21^0(^7) X 1-1 -5 fxm. Widespread on various substrata Thallus and apothecia sections C— (no substances with t.l.c). 33. M. peliocarpa (p. 169) Hypothecium with greenbrown tinge (as in M. lignaria). Microconidia and macroconidia unknown; mesoconidia 4-6-6-3-1 -2-1 -7 fxm. On turf in the Arctic; possibly occurring in western Britain on rocks in coastal districts as a form with a ± obsolete thallus 43. M. ternaria (p. 190) 28a (15b) Thallus of well developed, whitish to grey-brown, convex granular-areolae, 0-08- 0-4 mm diam, with intermixed brown cephalodia containing Nostoc or Stigonema. Apothecia black, convex to subglobose, never markedly constricted below. Spores simple, or l(-2)-septate spores intermixed, 10-17(-19)x3-5 fxm. Upper hymenium green, K-. Hypothecium dark. Over bryophytes, plant debris or light soil amongst rocks or on exposed turf in montane or Arctic regions 29 28b Without the above combination of characters ; never with cephalodia 30 29a (28a) Hypothecium reddish brown, K— , HNO3-I- bright orange-brown (no purpUsh tinge). Thallus usually grey-brown. Spores simple or often 1-septate (rarely 2-septate) 16. M. incrassata (p. 137) 29b Hypothecium purple-brown, K-l- purple intensifying, HNO3-I- purple-red. Thallus usually whitish or brownish white . Spores mostly simple , septate spores very rare [if young apothecia turbinate and thallus finely granular, see 51b] 4. M. assimilata (p. 114) 30a (28b) Apothecia whitish, pallid or dull reddish, without distinct pigmentation in section. Spores mostly 1-septate and over 9 /xm long. Phycobiont micareoid. On bark or lignum or over bryophytes thereon 31 30b Apothecia coloured with obvious pigmentation in section; if not then, spores simple and/or smaller, or on rock , or phycobiont not micareoid 33 31a (30a) Thallus comprised of goniocysts/or apothecia sections C-l- red (gyrophoric acid) and spores less than 3 fim wide . Shade forms 8 31b Thallus not comprised of goniocysts, endoxylic or weakly areolate, or scurfy granular, or rimose, sometimes with waxy appearance. All parts C— (gyrophoric acid absent). Spores often over 3 fim wide 32 .
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. 18 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 11. M.denig
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20 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Micarea The g
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
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26 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS A B Fig. 2 'M
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30 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 5 Sketch
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32 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 6 Ascus
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34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
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36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
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38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
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40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
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44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
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46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
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48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
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50 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 24 A, M.
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE Tabl
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32. Micarea osloensis (Th. Fr.) Hed
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34. Micarea prasina Fr. LICHEN GENU
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conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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