Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

More documents

Recommendations

Info

LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 101 the section. A positive reaction due to gyrophoric acid is seen as an orange-red front moving across the section, with the colour quickly fading in its wake. If the concentration of gyrophoric acid is very high than the reaction may be more immediate and intense, but, nevertheless, the colour quickly fades away within a few seconds. A similar procedure should be followed when testing for other colour changes. The identification of Micarea species usually requires accurate measurement of the dimen- sions of spores, conidia, and paraphyses, such that a microscope with a good resolution at X 1000, coupled with a carefully calibrated measuring eyepiece, is invaluable, and in many cases essential. Spores should be observed and measured in 10% KOH; in most cases this solution will render any septa visible. If, however, the spore contents are difficult to clear, septa can be discerned by preparing an apothecial section or squash in LCB and heating (just to boiHng) over a spirit lamp; any septa should then be clearly seen, especially under oil-immersion (xlOOO). Conidia should always be examined under oil-immersion (at least xlOOO). Preparations can be made in 10% KOH, but better resolution is obtained using ammoniacal erythrosin. In water, small conidia are prone to 'Brownian movement', making alignment with the measuring graticule a frustrating task! If conidia and conidiogenous cells are to be examined in a squash preparation it is often helpful to soak an intact pycnidium in a small drop of 10% KOH on a shde for about a minute; excess KOH is then soaked up with the edge of a piece of tissue-paper or filter-paper and the squash prepared under a cover-slip in ammoniacal erythrosin. The KOH softens the pycnidial wall and does not alter the effectiveness of the erythrosin. Fine measurements, such as the width of spores, conidia, hyphae, and paraphyses should not be made in LCB, this solution often causing much shrinkage; with hyphae and paraphyses the cytoplasm (lumina) is intensely stained, but the delimitation of their outer walls is often difficult to ascertain. Key to European species la Hymenium, atleast in upper part, dull greenish or brownish in water, K-l- violet [pigment D].. 2 lb Hymenium variously coloured or hyaline, not turning to violet in K (if purple in K, then pigment already purplish in water [pigment C] 12 2a (la) Hypothecium dark purple-brown, K+ purple intensifying or K+ green in upper part. Saxicolous 40. M. subviolascens (p. 185) 2b Hypothecium hyaline or pale . Usually corticolous or lignicolous 3 3a (2b) Spores mostly 3 (or more)-septate , or over 15 /u,m long 4 3b Spores mostly simple or 1-septate (2- or 3-septate spores if present very rare) , mostly less than 15 /am long 4a (3a) Apothecia sections and/or thallus C + orange-red (gyrophoric acid) 5 4b Apothecia sections and thallus C- [note: the K+ violet pigment also reacts C+ violet], gyrophoric acid absent 5a (4a) Spores 0-l(-2)-septate, few exceeding 16 /xm in length. Usually lignicolous. Rare forms of this very variable species 11. M. denigrata (p. 127) 5b Spores mostly 3 (or more)-septate, or many exceeding 16 /am in length. Usually on bark or twigs 6 6a (5b) Spores (l-)3-septate, fusiform, often curved, 10-17(-19)x2-5-3(-3-5) /am. Microconidia (4-7-)5-5-7-5x0-8 /am; mesoconidia (3-)3-5-5(-5-7)x 1-1-5 /am; macroconidia sometimes present, curved 30. M. nitschkeana (p. 165) 6b Spores 0-3(-6)-septate, acicular, 13-26xl-5-2-5(-3) /am. Microconidia 3-8-5 xO-8-1 /am; mesoconidia 3-6-5-3 x 1-1-4 /am; macroconidia unknown 14. M. globulosella (p. 134) 8 7
102 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 7a (4b) Thallus dull grey-green (never whitish) to dark olivaceous or blackish, of discrete or coalescing granular-areolae c. 20-70 /xm diam, ± gelatinous when wet. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-8 /im diam. Apothecia grey- or brown-black, epruinose. Spores l-5(-ll)-septate, 14-35(^3) xl-8-2-5(-3) fim. Microconidia and/or mesoconidia often present, both exceeding 3-7 fxtn in length. An oceanic species on acid bark (sometimes over bryophytes) 42. M. synotheoides (p. 188) 7b Thallus whitish, tinged grey or green, ± endophloeodal or thin and smooth to ± verrucose, often rimose; never gelatinous. Phycobiont not micareoid, cells 8-16 ixm diam. Apothecia grey to black, often with whitish pruina. Spores (l-)3-7-septate, 17-26x1 •5-2-5 )u,m, Excipulum hyphae coherent in K. Conidia of one type only, 2-8-3-5xl-l-4 /xm. Widespread species on rather basic bark , rarely on lignum Bacidia beckhausii 8a (3b, 31a) Thallus of pale to dark green goniocysts c. 12-40(-60) fxm diam, often ± gelatinous when wet, C-, gyrophoric acid absent or detectable in trace amounts (?contaminant) by t.l.c 8b Thallus endoxylic or of whitish or grey granular-areolae c. 60-200 fim diam, not appearing gelatinous when wet, CorC-l- orange-red , gyrophoric acid often present 11 9a (8a) Goniocysts K- or hyphae violaceous in K, pigment never oily. Pycnidia immersed or sessile, not tomentose 10 9b Goniocysts containing purple oily substance in K. Pycnidia numerous, distinctly stalked, brown with white tomentum; containing mesoconidia (4-)4-5-5-5(-6)xl-3-l-7 /xm. Apothecia usually few or absent, brown, soon tuberculate. On soft lignum of conifers, rare 15. M. hedlundii (p. 135) 10a (9b) Apothecia dark grey to black, small, 0-1-0-24 mm diam. Paraphyses with dark apical walls giving a distinct dark green, K+ violet epithecium. Spores 0-1-septate, 7-9-7x 2-5-3-3 /xm. Microconidia 4-5-5 xO-7-0-8 /xm; mesoconidia 3-3-4-5x1-1 -3 /xm. 10b Thallus indistinct, of scattered olivaceous goniocysts. Rare, (?) confined to Picea bark in S. Finland 25. M. melanobola (p. 156) Apothecia white to grey, sometimes blackish, 0-1-0-4 mm diam. Without sharply delimited epithecium, the olivaceous, K-l- violet pigment mostly confined to the gel-matrix and ± diffuse although often more concentrated towards upper part of hymenium. Spores variable, 0-l(-3)-septate, 8-14(-17)x2-3-4(-5) /xm. Microconidia (5-)5-5-8x 0-7-1 /xm; mesoconidia 3-5-4-7x1-4-1-8 /xm. Thallus of thinly goniocysts, sometimes forming a thick crust. Common and scattered to coherent widespread on bark, lignum and turf (especially coastal), rare on rock; morphologically and chemically very variable 34. M. prasina (p. 173) 11a (8b) Apothecia grey to black, sometimes pallid or brown (shade forms), 0-1-0-5 mm diam. Thallus of distinct whitish areolae, or dark and scurfy (parasitized), occasionally endoxylic. Spores mostly 1-septate, often ± curved, (7-)9-16(-18)x2-3-3(-3-5) /xm. Paraphyses numerous, c. 1-1-5 /xm wide. Pycnidia immersed or emergent, never distinctly stalked. Microconidia (4-5-)5-7-5 x 0-7-0-8 /xm; mesoconidia 2-8-4-5(-5) x 1 -2-1-8 /im; macroconidia curved, 12-24x1 /xm. Apothecia and thallus sections usually C-l- orange-red (gyrophoric acid) ll.M. denigrata(p. 127) lib Apothecia black (very rarely paler), smaller, 0-1-0-3 mm diam. Thallus usually endoxylic, rarely forming whitish areolae. Spores mostly simple, 1-septate spores rarely numerous, never curved, 6-5-9-5x2-3(3-7) /xm. Paraphyses scanty, thin, 0-5-0-8 /xm wide. EndoxyUc forms usually with black, stalked pycnidia containing mesoconidia, 3-5-5x1-1-5 /xm; microconidia 3-8-6x0-7-0-8 /xm, borne in immersed pycnidia; macroconidia unknown. Apothecia sections usually C-, very rarely C-l- orange-red; thallus when superficial and well developed C+ orange-red (gyrophoric acid) 26. M. misella (p. 158) 12a (lb) Spores acicular or sigmoid-curved (mostly over 18 /xm long and under 3-5 /xm wide at maturity) 13 12b Spores not acicular or sigmoid-curved 15 9
Page 1 and 2:
O' M' Bulletin of the British Museu
Page 3 and 4:
. 18 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 11. M.denig
Page 5 and 6:
20 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Micarea The g
Page 7 and 8:
22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
Page 9 and 10:
24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
Page 11 and 12:
26 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS A B Fig. 2 'M
Page 13 and 14:
28 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 3 00
Page 15 and 16:
30 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 5 Sketch
Page 17 and 18:
32 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 6 Ascus
Page 19 and 20:
34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
Page 21 and 22:
36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
Page 23 and 24:
38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
Page 25 and 26:
40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
Page 27 and 28:
42 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 16 M. in
Page 29 and 30:
44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
Page 31 and 32:
46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
Page 33 and 34:
48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
Page 35 and 36: 50 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 24 A, M.
Page 37 and 38: 52 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 26 M. pr
Page 39 and 40: 54 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS VJ Fig. 28 A,
Page 41 and 42: 56 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 30 M. su
Page 43 and 44: 58 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 31 - con
Page 45 and 46: 60 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 33 M. tu
Page 47 and 48: 62 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 34 Two t
Page 49 and 50: 64 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 1 Conid
Page 51 and 52: 66 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 36 Sugge
Page 53 and 54: 68 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 37 M. ad
Page 55 and 56: 70 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS s o o c o c o
Page 57 and 58: 72 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS n 1/ [\ f] n
Page 59 and 60: 74 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 43 A-B,
Page 61 and 62: 76 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 45 M. li
Page 63 and 64: 78 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS B OOQog Fig.
Page 65 and 66: 80 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 49 A-B,
Page 67 and 68: 82 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 51 A, M.
Page 69 and 70: 84 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS In the case o
Page 71 and 72: 86 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 6 - 5h 4 3 2
Page 73 and 74: . 88 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS the epithec
Page 75 and 76: 90 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS fM. elachista
Page 77 and 78: 92 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Saxicolous ha
Page 80 and 81: LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 95 T
Page 82 and 83: LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 97 a
Page 84 and 85: Infrageneric considerations LICHEN
Page 88 and 89: LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 103
Page 102 and 103: 5. Micarea bauschiana (Korber) V. W
Page 136 and 137:
LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 151
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE Tabl
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
32. Micarea osloensis (Th. Fr.) Hed
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
34. Micarea prasina Fr. LICHEN GENU
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
Page 198 and 199:
populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
show all

Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?