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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 207 of the British Museum (Natural History) for her efficient handUng of my many 'urgent' requests for herbarium and bibliographical information. Recognition for their helpful comments and suggestions on various nomenclatural and taxonomic problems pertaining to Micarea and related groups goes to Mr B. L. Burtt, Prof. Dr H. Hertel, Dr H. Kilias, Prof. P. M. J0rgensen, Prof. Dr J. Poelt, Prof. R. Santesson, Dr V. Wirth, and Dr A. Vezda. Much advice and assistance has come from many of my colleagues at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh; in particular, I would like to thank Prof. D. M. Henderson, the Regius Keeper, and Mrs F. M. Bennell, Mr A. P. Bennell, Mrs N. M. Gregory, Dr R. Watling, Mrs J. M. Woods, Mrs H. Hoy, Mrs D. A. Morrison, Mr M. V. Mathew, Mr D. G. Long, and the staff of the typing section. All the people and organizations to whom I am grateful for assistance with field excursions are too numerous to mention individually. However, special thanks go to Dr L. Tibell for arranging and leading me on a tour of mid- and north Sweden in 1977, and to the Nordic Lichen Society (especially Mr U. S0chting and Mr K. Ramkaer) for inviting me as guest visitor to their excursion in north Jylland in 1979. The following funds and institutions are thanked for financial support of field-work: Nature Conservancy Council, Natural Environment Research Council, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, and the World Wildlife Fund. Finally, I must thank my wife and family for tolerating the many sacrifices that they have had to endure, especially during the preparation of the final manuscript. References Ahlner, S. 1948. Utbredningstyper bland nordiska barrtradslavar. Acta phytogeogr. suec. 22: i-ix, 1-257. Anderson, R. A. 1964. The genus Lecidea (lichenized fungi) in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder [mimeographed copy]. & Carmer, M.-B. 1974. Rediscovery of Lecidea populina in Colorado. Bryologistll: 82-84. Anon 1964. Ben Lawers and its alpine flowers. National Trust for Scotland: Edinburgh [chapters contributed by several authors]. 1973. Churchyards face uncertain future. Bull. Br. Lichen Soc. 33: 1-3. 1978. Churches: the battle for survival. Bull. Br. Lichen Soc. 43: 1-3. 1980. Acid rain threat to lichens? Bull. Brit. Lichen Soc. 46: 1-2. Baumgartner, H. 1979. Revision der europdischen Arten der Gattung Toninia (Massal.) Ampl. Th. Fr. Munchen. Brightman, F. H. & Seaward, M. R. D. 1977. Lichens of man-made substrates. In M. R. D. Seaward (Ed.) Lichen ecology: 253-293. London. Bunce, R. G. H. 1977. The range of variation within the pinewoods. In. R. G. H. Bunce & J. N. R. Jeffers (Eds) Native pinewoods of Scotland: 10-25. Cambridge. Coppins, B. J. 1971. Field meeting in Brittany. Lichenologist 5: 149-174. 1976. Distribution patterns shown by epiphytic lichens in the British Isles. In D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (Eds), Lichenology: progress and problems: 249-278. London. & James, P. W. 1979. New or interesting British lichens IV. Lichenologist 11: 139-179. & Shimwell, D. W. 1971. Cryptogam complement and biomass in dry Calluna heath of different ages. Oikos 22: lOA-im. Culberson, C. F. 1972. Improved conditions and new data for the identification of lichen products by a standard thin-layer chromatographic method. J. Chromat. 72: 113-125. Degelius, G. 1944. Lavfloran inom Ombergs skyddsomrade. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Skr. Naturskydd. 46: 1-35. Eckblad, F.-E. 1968. The genera of the operculate Discomycetes. A re-evaluation of their taxonomy, phylogeny and nomenclature. Nytt Mag. Bot. 15: 1-191. Eriksson, O. 1981. The families of bitunicate ascomycetes. Opera bot. 60: 1-220. Fletcher, A. 1975. Key for the identification of British marine and maritime lichens 1. Siliceous rocky shore species. Lichenologist!: 1-52. Fowler, D., Cape, J. N., Leith, I. D., Paterson, I. S., Kinnaird, J. W. & Nicholson, I. A. 1982. Rainfall acidity in northern Britain. Nature, Lond. 297: 383-386. Fries, E. M. 1825. Systema orbis vegetabilis. Lund. Fries, Th. M. 1874. Lichenographia scandinavica 2 . Uppsala. Gilbert, O. L. 1970. Further studies on the effect of sulphur dioxide on lichens and bryophytes. New Phytol. 69: 605-627. Gliick, H. 1899. Entwurf zu einer vergleichenden Morphologic der Flechten-Spermogonien. Verh. Naturhist.-Med. Ver. Heidelberg. II, 6 (2): 81-216.
208 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Goodier, R. & Bunce, R. G. H. 1977. The native pinewoods of Scotland: the current state of the resource. In R. G. H. Bunce &. J. N. R. Jeffers (Eds) Native pinewoods of Scotland: 78-87. Cambridge. Hawksworth, D. L. 1974. Mycologist's handbook. Kew. 1976. Lichen chemotaxonomy. In D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (Eds) Lichenology: progress and problems: 249-278. London. 1980. Recommended abbreviations for the names of some commonly cited authors of fungi. Rev. PI. Path. 59: 473-480. -, Coppins, B. J. & Rose, F. 1974. Changes in the British Hchen flora. In D. L. Hawksworth (Ed.), The changing flora and fauna of Britain: 47-78. London. — , James, P. W. & Coppins, B. J. 1980. Checklist of British lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi. Lichenologist 12: 1-115. & Rose, F. 1970. Qualitative scale for estimating sulphur dioxide air pollution in England and Wales using epiphytic lichens. Nature, Lond. 227: 145-148. Hedlund, J. T. 1892. Kritische Bemerkungen iiber einige Arten der Flechtengattungen Lecanora (Ach.), Lecidea (Ach.) und Micarea (Fr.). Bih K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 1-104. 1895*. Ueber Thallusbildung durch Pyknokonidien bei Catillaria denigrata (Fr.) und C. prasina (Fr.). Bot. Zbl. 63: 9-16. Henssen, A. & Jahns, H. M, 1973 ['1974']. Lichenes. Stuttgart. Hertel, H. 1975. Ein vorlaufiger Bestimmungsschliissel fiir die kryptothallinen, schwarzfruchtigen, saxicolen Arten der Sammelgattung Lecidea (Lichenes) in der Holarktis. Decheniana 127: 37-78. 1977fl. Bemerkenswerte Flechtenfunde aus dem Gebiet des Kongsfjordes und des Isfjordes (Spitzbergen). Herzogia 4: 367-401. 1911 b. Gesteinsbewohnende Arten der Sammelgattung Lecidea (Lichenes) aus Zentral-, Ost- und Siidasien. Ergebn. Forsch. Unternehmens Nepal Himalaya 6: 145-378. Holmgren, P. K., Keuken, W. & Schofield, E. K. 1981. Index herbariorum. Part I. The herbaria of the world. 7th ed. [Regnum veg. 106.] Utrecht. Honegger, R. 1978. The ascus apex in lichenized fungi L The Lecanora-, Peltigera- and Teloschistes-types. Lichenologist 10: 47-67. Hughes, S. J. 1972. New Zealand Fungi 17. Pleomorphism in Euantennariaceae and Metacapnodiaceae, two new families of sooty moulds. NZ. Jl Bot. 10: 225-242. 1976. Sooty moulds. Mycologia 68: 693-820. Huneck, S. & FoUmann, G. 1972. Mitteilungen iiber Flechteninhaltsstoffe. XCIV. Zur vergleichenden Phytochemie der Gattung Bacidia (Lecideaceae). J. Hattori bot. Lab. 36: 54-56. & Lamb, I. M. 1975. I'-chloropannarin, a new depsidone from Argopsis friesiana: notes on the structure of pannarin and on the chemistry of the lichen g&mx% Argopsis. Phytochemistry 14: 1625-1628. Jahns, H. M. 1974 ['1973'] Anatomy, morphology, and development. In V. Ahmadjian & M. E. Hale (Eds), The lichens: 3-58. New York. James, P. W. 1965fl. A new check-list of British lichens. Lichenologist 2>: 95-153. 19656. Field meeting in Scotland, Lichenologist 3: 155-172. 1970. The lichen flora of shaded acid rock crevices and overhangs in Britain. Lichenologist 4: 309-322. -, Hawksworth, D. L. & Rose, F. 1977. Lichen communities in the British Isles: a preliminary conspectus. /« M. R. D. Seaward (Ed.), Lichen ecology: 295-413. London. & Henssen, A. 1976. The morphological and taxonomic significance of cephalodia. In D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (Eds), Lichenology : progress and problems: 21-11 . London. Kilias, H. 1981. Revision gesteinsbewohnender Sippen der Flechtengattung Catillaria Massal. in Europa. Herzogia 5: 209-448. Knowles, M. C. 1929. The lichens of Ireland. Proc. R. Ir. Acad. B, 38 (12): 179-434. Korber, G. W. 1855. Systema lichenum Germaniae. Breslau. 1859-65. Parerga lichenologica. Breslau. Korf, R. P. 1973. Discomycetes and Tuberales. In G.C. Ainsworth, F. K. Sparrow & A. S. Sussman (Eds), The fungi, an advanced treatise 4A: 249-319. Lamb, I. M. 1953. New rare or interesting lichens from the Southern Hemisphere. Lilloa 26: 401-438. 1963. Index nominum lichenum. New York. Laundon, J. R. 1981. The species of Chrysothrix. Lichenologist 13: 101-121. Leighton, W. L. 1879. The lichen-flora of Great Britain, Ireland, and the Channel Islands. Ed. 3. Shrewsbury. ^Hedlund, J. T. 1891. Om balbildning genom pycnoconidier hos Catillaria denigrata (Fr.) och C. prasina (Fr.). Bot. Notiser IS91: 186-211.
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