Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 195 With the combination of blackish thallus and black, convex to ± globose apothecia, M. turfosa is easily confused in the field with peat inhabiting forms of M. melaena, but the latter differs microscopically in having dark purple and/or green pigments in the hypothecium and thinner paraphyses. M. botryoides has similar apothecial pigmentation to M. turfosa, but its hypothecium is darker with nearly all the hyphae densely coated with pigment; in addition, M. botryoides has less numerous and (when hyaline) thinner paraphyses, a shallower hymenium, smaller spores, and its apothecia are always accompanied by numerous, stalked, black pycnidia. M. melaenida is unlikely to be mistaken for M. turfosa because of its whitish thallus and habitat of fine-grained, mineral soils; it can be further distinguished by its purple-brown epithecium, excipulum, and (usually) upper hypothecium. The little known M. osloensis differs from M. turfosa in several features but is most easily distinguished by its much smaller, non-septate spores. Habitat and distribution: M. turfosa seems to have an arctic-alpine distribution. In Britain it is known from summits in the Cairngorm, Grampian, and Breadalbane mountains of Scotland, where it grows on exposed turf (mostly over dead bryophytes) at altitudes of about 860-1245 m. In the Sudeten and Carpathian mountains of Czechoslovakia it is reported at altitudes of 1400 m and 1870 m respectively. It seems to be able to occur at lower altitudes in Sphagnum-bogs in Scandinavia, but no altitude data is given with any of the specimens seen. I have not seen any material from the Alps but it is likely to occur there. On the Cairngorm plateau M. turfosa occurs amongst Juncus trifidus. Associated lichens on the British gatherings include Cladonia spp., Lecidea caesioatra, and Lepraria neglecta. Map 27 Micarea turfosa • 1950 onwards O Before 1950
196 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Outside Europe M. turfosa is little known, but I have seen material from Greenland and northern Alaska. Exsiccata: Flotow Lich. 130 (VER). Korber Lich. Sel. 12 (L). Magnusson Lich. Sel. Scand. 282 (GZU). Malme Lich. Suec. 865 (WIS). Norrlin & Nyl. Herb. Lich. Fenn. 321 (BM, M). Vezda Lich. Sel. 538 (BM), 1135 (BM). Excluded taxa Bacidia beckhausii Korber, Parerga lich.: 134 (1860). - Micarea beckhausii (Korber) Vezda in Poelt & Vezda, Bestimmungsschl. europ. Flechten, Ergdnzungsheft I: 162 (1977). Type: Germany, 'West- phalen', Beckham (L 910, 137 1363 - lectotype!). Bacidia miniuscula Anzi, Cat. lich. Sondr. : 70 (I860). - Micarea miniuscula (Anzi) Vezda, in Vezda & V. Wirth in Folia geobot. phytotax., Praha 11: 100 (1976). Type: not seen. Bacidia beckhausii must be excluded from Micarea, mainly on account of its excipulum structure (see p. 189 and 198). Bacidia nitscltkeana var. perpusilloides Erichsen in Annals mycol. 41: 206 (1943). Type: West Germany, Schleswig-Holstein: Flensburg, Forst Clusries, near Wasserleben, on Picea twigs, 6x1923, C. F. E. Erichsen (HBG - lectotype!). Paratypes: Schleswig-Holstein: Flensburg, Jerrishoer Holz, 10 vi 1928, C. F. E. Erichsen (HBG!); Hamburg, Wohldorfer Wald, 12 vi 1905, C. F. E. Erichsen (HBG!); Hamburg, Volksdorfer Wald, 19 xii 1909, C. F. E. Erichsen (HBG!). All on young twigs of Picea. Thallus thin, green-grey. Apothecia minute, ± pellucid, pale brown, immarginate, c. 0-1-0-15 mm diam. Hymenium, hyaline, c. 30-40 /Am tall. Hypothecium dark brown, K-, or -I- greenish in part, c. 40-45 /im tall. Excipulum thin, c. 12-15 /xm wide, ± pseudoparenchymatous with cells c. 3-5-8x2-5-3 /Am (in K), hyahne or with greenish pigment in zone adjacent to hymenium. Asci clavate, numerous, 8-spored. Spores oblong-fusiform, straight or slightly curved, 3(-5)-septate, 16-24(-28)x3-4 /^m (Fig. 56A). Pycnidia often numerous, blackish, c. 50 /Am diam, wall greenish in K; conidia curved or sigmoid 12-30x0-8 /tm. Phycobiont cells c. 5-10 /im diam. This variety agrees in all respects, except host substratum, with Bacidia myrtillicola Erichsen in Mitt. Inst. allg. Bot. Hamb. 10: 414 (1939); type: Schleswig-Holstein: Lauenburg, 'im "Sachsenwald" bei Friedrichsruh an Vaccinium myrtillus am Rande des Reviers "Saupark".', 2 xi 1924, C. F. E. Erichsen (HBG - holotype!). B. myrtillicola belongs to the mainly foliicolous groups of Bacidia s. lat. that includes B. fuscatula (Miill. Arg.) Zahlbr., B. rhapidophylli (Rehm) Zahlbr., and B. vezdae Coppins & P. James. Catillaria melanobola f. frullaniae B. de Lesd., Rech. Lich. Dunkerque, Suppl. 1: 119 (1914). Type: France, Nord, near Burgues, on Frullania on Ulmus, M. B. de Lesdain, Zahlbr. Lich. Rar. Exs. 152 (BM -isotype!). This is an apparently undescribed (at specific rank) species of Arthonia s. lat. The apothecia are very small, c. 0- 1 mm diam, convex-globose and black. In section the epithecium and hypothecium are brownish (K-l- olive), the asci clavate, c. 21 x 10 /tm at maturity, with a minute internal amyloid ring [as described for Bryostigma leucodontis (Poelt & Dobbeler, 1979) and Chrysothrix (Laundon, 1981), and noted by me in several Arthonia species, especially lichenicolous species and members of the subgenus Allarthonia], spores hyaline, 1-septate, 9-11x2-3-3 /im, and paraphyses scanty, thin, c. 0-6-1 /Am wide. This species is rather common in the British Isles where it is usually referred to as 'Arthonia cf. exilis\ It is found in a variety of habitats, for example bark of shaded trunks of Acer, Fraxinus and Ulmus, branches and twigs of Corylus and Sambucus, over bryophytes (especially Frullania) on trunks of Quercus and Ulmus, tufts of Armeria on sea-cliffs, and possibly also on sandstone rocks. When on bark the apothecia may attain a larger size, to 0-2 mm diam. Corticolous material has recently been distributed as Vezda Lich. Sel. 1701. In E it is represented by material from the following British vice-counties: 1, 20, 29, 31 , 62, 64, 67, 78, 83, 88, 90, 98, 99, 110, H18 and H20; and from Denmark and Germany (Schleswig-Holstein). There has been much confusion regarding the correct interpretation of Arthonia exilis (Florke) Anzi. I have recently had the opportunity of examining type material of this species (Florke Deutsch. Lich. 187 (WRSL - lectotype!)) and a brief description of it is as follows: Thallus lignicolous (probably on worked timber; accompanied by a few granular-areolae of Candelariella vitellina), thin, grey-white. Phycobiont noX Trentepohlia, cells, 10-19 /Am diam. Apothecia numerous, ± regularly dispersed, black, 0-1-0-2 mm diam. Epithecium (including lower border with substratum) reddish brown, K-. Hymenium c. 30 /im tall, I -I- reddish, K/I-l- blue. ^5d clavate, with minute amyloid ring ("Bryostigma -type'), 22-30x14-15 /im, 8-spored. Spores hyahne, 1-septate, 8-12x2-5-3-5(^) /Am. Paraphyses ± coherent (even in K), rather stout, c. 1-5-2 /xm wide; apices ± swollen with brown
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. 18 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 11. M.denig
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20 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Micarea The g
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
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26 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS A B Fig. 2 'M
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30 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 5 Sketch
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34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
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36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
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38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
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40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
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44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
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48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
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56 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 30 M. su
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60 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 33 M. tu
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64 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 1 Conid
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66 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 36 Sugge
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68 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 37 M. ad
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70 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS s o o c o c o
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72 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS n 1/ [\ f] n
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90 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS fM. elachista
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92 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Saxicolous ha
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 95 T
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Infrageneric considerations LICHEN
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