Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 193 continuing into it as stout, pigmented paraphyses; ascogenous hyphae similarly pigmented, with swollen cells c. 3-5 fxm wide. Excipulum not evident, even in sections of young apothecia. Pycnidia often present, ± immersed, black, 60-120 /u,m diam, ostioles often gaping; walls dark aeruginose, K— , HNO3+ red; conidiogenous cells slender, cylindrical, 5-10x1-1-5 /u,m, often with a swollen, sometimes pigmented, base up to 3-2 jxm wide, and sometimes with one or two percurrent proliferations; conidia (mesoconidia) ± cylindrical, sometimes faintly biguttulate, 3-4-3 X 1-1 -4 /xm. Chemistry: Thallus K— , C— , KC— , PD-; sections of apothecia C—; t.l.c: no substances. Observations: Micarea tuberculata is characterized by its rather small, markedly convex, often tuberculate, blackish apothecia, blue-green hymenium, aeruginose-black hypothecium and small, ovoid-oblong, 0-1-septate spores. The relative proportion of simple to 1-septate spores can vary greatly between collections, and in some specimens no septate spores can be found. M. tuberculata has often been confused with forms of M. sylvicola with small, immature spores, but such spores are always ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, and quite distinct from the predominantly oblong-ovoid spores of M. tuberculata. If pycnidia are present the two species can be separated on the size of their conidia, which are significantly longer (c. 4-6)u,m) in M. sylvicola. M. olivacea (q.v.) is superficially similar to M. tuberculata, but has slightly larger spores, shorter conidiogenous cells, and a micareoid phycobiont. Also of similar appearance is Psilolechia clavulifera (p. 201), but it has smaller spores, a pale hypothecium, numerous, stout, non-pigmented paraphyses, and a very different phycobiont. Map 26 Micarea tuberculata • 1950 onwards O Before 1950
194 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Habitat and distribution: M. tuberculata is found on rocks, stones, and tree roots, etc. in dry, sheltered underhangs, and is a faithful member of the Micareetum sylvicolae. In the British Isles it has scattered localities in the north and west; although not yet known from the mainland in England and Wales it is expected to occur in those areas in suitable terrain (e.g. the Lake District, Dartmoor and Snowdonia). It is undoubtedly much overlooked, but appears to be genuinely rarer than M. bauschiana and M. sylvicola, with which it often occurs. It appears to be widely distributed in Fennoscandia where it is known from as far north as Nordland in Norway and Lycksele Lappmark in Sweden. It seems to be rare elsewhere in Europe, but I have seen material from southern Germany, northern Italy, and the Tatra mountains of Czechoslovakia. Exsiccata: Arnold Lich. Exs. 1057 (BM ex K, M). Larb. Lich. Herb. 221 p.p. (BM). Rabenh. Lich. Eur. 648 p.p. (BM). Rasanen Lich. Fenn. 512 (BM, BM ex K), 672 p.p. (BM, LD-mixed with M. lutulata, M-mixed with M. sylvicola). \ 45. Micarea turfosa (Massal.) Du Rietz (Fig. 33; Map 27) in Svensk hot. Tidskr. 17: 94 (1923). - Biatora turfosa Massal., Ric. Lich. Crost.: 128 (1852). Type: specimen unlocalized but probably from Sudety (Sudeten Mountains) in SW Poland, 'Flotow Lich. exs. 130! hb. Flotow' (VER-holotype!). Biatora turfosa* verrucula Norman in K. nor. Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 5: 353 (1868). - Lecidea verrucula (Norman) Th. Fr., Lich. Scand. 2: 523 (1874). - Micarea verrucula (Norman) Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 84, 95 (1892). Type: Norway, Nordland, 'supra Heminghyt convallis Bejeren',/. M. Norman (-lectotype!; isolectotypes: LD!, M!, O!). Thallus effuse but often forming rounded patches about 3-5 cm diam, thin, ± uneven but not forming distinct areolae or goniocyst-like granules, blackish grey or brown-black but shaded portions sometimes dull grey-green, often appearing ± gelatinous when moist. Thallus in section up to 70 /xm thick, ecorticate and without an amorphous covering layer; outermost hyphae 2-4 /am wide with walls thickened by dark green pigment, K-, HNO3+ red; internal hyphae hyaline, c. 1-1-5 /xm wide. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-7 jxm diam. Apothecia numerous and often confluent, immarginate, convex to ± globose, black, matt or slightly glossy, rarely brown (shade forms), 0-15-0-3(-0-4) mm diam. Hymenium 35-50 ^im tall; upper part (epithecium) sordid green, K— , HNOs-l- red, or sometimes brownish in part; middle part dilute aeruginose or olivaceous; lower part dilute reddish brown and merging ± impercep- tibly into the hypothecium. Asci clavate, 35-50 x 11-12 /xm. Spores oblong-ellipsoid to fusiform, sometimes slightly curved, simple or 1-3-septate, (10-)12-21(-25)x(3-5-)4-5 /itm. Paraphyses numerous, branched and sometimes anastomosing, c. 1-1-5 /xm wide in mid-hymenium but upper 5-15(-25) fxm thickened with dark greenish pigment and then l-5-2-5(-3) jxm wide. Hypothecium c. 70-140 /xm tall, mottled reddish brown, K-, HNO3- or turning orange-brown (never with purple tinge); hyphae interwoven but becoming vertically orientated towards the hymenium, hyaline or sometimes loosely coated with brown pigment, c. 1-5-1-7 /xm wide; ascogenous hyphae with swollen cells up to 5 ^tm wide. Excipulum reflexed but distinct, reddish brown but darker than the hypothecium; hyphae radiating, branched and anastomosing, l-l-5(-2) /xm diam, hyaline (pigment confined to gel-matrix). Pycnidia often present but very inconspicuous, immersed, 35-40 /u.m diam, wall dark sordid green, K— , HNO3+ red. Conidia (microconidia) ± cylindrical, c. 3-5-4-7x1 /xm. Chemistry: Sections of thallus and apothecia K- , C- , PD- ; no substances detected by t. I.e. Observations: M. turfosa is fairly constant in appearance, except that the thallus is less well developed when in boggy habitats. Microscopically there is much variation between collections with regard to spore septation: some having mostly simple spores (e.g. Vezda Lich. Sel. 538), others having numerous 1-septate and several 2- or 3-septate spores (e.g. Vezda Lich. Sel. 1135). In the type of Biatora turfosa the spores are mostly simple but a few with a single septum were found. In the type collections of Biatora turfosa* verrucula most spores are 1-septate.
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20 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Micarea The g
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
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34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
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36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
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38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
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40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
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44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
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46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
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48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
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52 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 26 M. pr
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56 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 30 M. su
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58 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 31 - con
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60 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 33 M. tu
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64 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 1 Conid
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68 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 37 M. ad
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70 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS s o o c o c o
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72 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS n 1/ [\ f] n
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. 88 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS the epithec
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90 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS fM. elachista
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92 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Saxicolous ha
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 95 T
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 97 a
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Infrageneric considerations LICHEN
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Page 196 and 197: conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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