Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 191 brown; lower part ± hyaline; hyphae hyaline c. 0-7-1 -5 fim wide, interwoven or becoming vertically or outwardly orientated towards the hymenium and excipulum; hyphae in upper part of hypothecium intermixed with inflated, short-celled ascogenous hyphae. Excipulum usually distinct, hyaline, or tinged aeruginose or olive-green in parts; hyphae radiating, branched and anastomosing, 0-7-1 -7 /xm wide. Pycnidia rather numerous, sessile, black, 100-140(-200) /xm diam, ostioles often gaping; walls dark olive-green (K— , HNO3-I- red) above and at the sides, but becoming hyaline towards the base. Conidia (mesoconidia) cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoid, sometimes faintly biguttulate and slightly constricted in the middle, 4-6-6-3x1-2-1-7 /itm. Macro- or microconidial states not found. Chemistry: Thallus K-, C— , PD— ; sections of apothecia C-; t.l.c: no substances. Note: The above description is based largely on Alaskan specimens (Thomson 9188). Observations: M. ternaria is very close to M. lignaria but differs in having shorter spores that are never more than 3-septate, and in completely lacking lichen substances. In addition its apothecia have a more flattened appearance (sometimes with a faint marginal rim), and a ± clearly defined excipulum when viewed in vertical section. It is superficially similar to dark forms of M. peliocarpa but that species contains gyrophoric acid (thallus and apothecia in section C-lorange-red), has a hyaline hypothecium, and is not known to have pycnidia which contain mesoconidia. Having found most herbarium specimens named 'ternaria' to belong to M. lignaria or M. peliocarpa I suspected the name to be a synonym of one of these two species. The holotype of Map 25 Micarea subleprosula (§) 1950 onwards -I- Micarea cf. ternaria # 1950 onwards O Before 1950
192 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Lecidea milliaria f. ternaria is very fragmentary and my first impression was that it was a diminutive specimen of M. lignaria, even though I failed to obtain a positive reaction with PD. This opinion was changed by my subsequent examination of the Alaskan material which is identical to the holotype in all respects but larger and in better condition. Several problematical collections from the British Isles (Shetland Islands and western Ireland) are provisionally referred to M. ternaria. They were all collected in coastal districts on hard siliceous rocks and have a ± obsolete thallus (PD— in microscopical preparations), rather flattened apothecia, and 0-3-septate spores. The specimen from Fair Isle has pycnidia, containing mesoconidia5-2-6-8xl-2-l-8/x,m (Fig. 52C). The discovery of an arctic species, such as M. ternaria, in coastal Britain is not without precedent. Examples are Lecanora straminea found in the Shetland Islands, Flannan Islands, and St Kilda, and Bacidia subfuscula found on North Rona, the Fame Islands, and as far south as the north coast of Norfolk and the Scilly Isles. A better understanding of the variability in habit and habitat of M. ternaria in the arctic should help to clarify the taxonomic relationships between the arctic and British populations. In addition, relevant material should be sought in coastal Norway. Habitat and distribution: On mosses and plant debris on the ground in coastal regions of arctic Europe and North America (northern Alaska). The Alaskan material {Thomson 9188) was growing with Micarea turfosa and Siphula ceratites. Southern populations on rocks may be represented in the British Isles (see 'observations' above). 44. Micarea tuberculata (Sommerf.) R. Anderson (Figs32A,34,51B;Map26) in Bryologist 11: 46 (1974). - Lecidea tuberculata Sommerf., Suppl. Fl. Lapp.: 160 (1826). Type: Norway, Nordland, Saltdalen, Fiskevaagmollen, iii 1822, S. C. Sommerfelt (O - lectotype!; UPS - isolectotype!). Lecidea latens Taylor in Mackay, Fl. Hib. 2: 259 (1836). Type: Ireland, Wicklow, The Dargle, T. Taylor (BM- lectotype!). Lecidea botryocarpa Nyl. in Flora, Jena 48: 603 (1865). Type: USSR, Karelskaya ASSR, Karelia onegensis, 'ad Onegam, Kapselka, 1863, T. Simming (H-NYL 10766 -holotype!). Lecidea subinfidula Nyl. in Flora, Jena 52: 295 (1869). Type: Finland, Lapponia enontekiensis, Naimakka, 29 viii 1867, J. P. Norrlin 656 (H - lectotype!; UPS - isolectotype!). Lecidea tuberculata var. scandinavica Vainio in Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. fenn. 57 (2): 309 (1934). Type: Finland, Tavastia australis, Lammi, Evo, Lapinkallio, 1866, Norrlin (H-NYL 10767 - lectotype!). Thallus effuse, minutely scurfy-granular, or sometimes forming an irregularly rimose crust up to 0-2 mm thick, more rarely forming irregularly verrucose areolae c. 0-06-0-2(-0-3) mm diam; greenish buff, pale buff or greenish white; thin wefts of white prothalline hyphae sometimes visible. Phycobiont not micareoid; cells ± globose, thin-walled, 5-10(-12) /xm diam, or irregularly ellipsoid and up to 15x7 /xm. Apothecia numerous, convex-hemispherical and immarginate from the start, often becoming ± globose or tuberculate, black and often with bluish tinge, matt, 0-16-0-3(-0-4) mm diam, or 0-24-0-55 mm diam when tuberculate. Hymenium 30-35 jxm tall, dilute green or aeruginose, K- or + intensifying, HNO3+ purple-red, often with darker vertical streaks due to the presence of stout, pigmented paraphyses. Asci cylindrical-clavate, 25-30x7-9 /xm. Spores oblong-ovoid or oblong-ellipsoid, 0-1-septate, 5-5-8(-9)xl-5-2-5 /xm. Fflrap/iy:?^^ rather scanty, of two types (Fig. 34): p.p. evenly distributed, irregularly flexuose, simple or sparingly branched, often anastomosing, thin, 1-T5 /xm wide, sometimes widening to 1-7 /xm above, walls hyaline throughout and without adhering pigment; /?./?. fewer in number, as scattered individuals or in small fascicles, straight, simple or occasionally forked above, stout, coated ± throughout by dark greenish pigment and appearing c. 2-3 /u-m wide, apices sometimes ± incrassate and up to 4 /xm wide (including pigment). Hypothecium c. 80-115 /xm tall, aeruginose- or olive-black, K-laeruginose intensifying; hyphae coated with dense dark green pigment and 2-3 /xm wide (overall), interwoven but becoming vertically orientated towards the hymenium and some
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64 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 1 Conid
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90 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS fM. elachista
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92 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Saxicolous ha
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 95 T
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Infrageneric considerations LICHEN
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