Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 185 that species has a green epithecium and a large-celled, non-micareoid phycobiont. The little known M. curvata may be closely related to M. subnigrata, but can be distinguished by the fabiform or strongly curved spores and C+ red reaction of apothecial sections. With its external and internal fuscous brown colourations M. subnigrata could be mistaken for a Fuscidea, but species of that genus have broader (c. 1 •7-2-7 /xm) mostly unbranched paraphyses (the apical cell of each being clavate or capitate and often provided with a dark brown 'apical cap'), asci with a thick, strongly amyloid apical wall, and probably referable to the Teloschistes-type (Honegger, 1978), and a protococcoid phycobiont, with thick-walled cells, c. 10-14 ^im diam. For additional illustrations of M. subnigrata see Kilias (1981: 391, 445). Habitat and distribution: M. subnigrata is confined to hard siliceous rocks in rather exposed situations. The communities in which it occurs are attributable to the Lecideion tumidae alliance, especially the Lecideetum lithophilae association. The collection {Coppins 8417) from Glentrool in Kirkcudbrightshire was made from the south-facing side of a doleritic boulder on a south-facing slope, at an altitude of 135 m; association species were: Cladonia subcervicornis, Huilia albocaerulescens, H. tuberculosa, Lecanora badia, Lecidea pycnocarpa, Lepraria neglec- ta, Rhizocarpon obscuratum, R. oederi, Stereocaulon vesuvianum, Trapelia involuta, T. aff. obtegens, and Andraea sp. From other British collections the following can be added: Candela- riella vitellina, Catillaria chalybeia, Lecanora intricata, L. polytropa, Lecidea fuliginosa, L. lactea, Lecidella scabra, and Parmelia verruculifera. For information on associated species in its Norwegian locality see M. intrusa (Table 5). M. subnigrata is known from scattered localities in upland districts in the Scottish highlands, Galloway, and Wales; recent field studies indicate that it may be far more common in these and similar areas (e.g. Lake District and Dartmoor) than present records (Map 22) suggest. Outside Britain it is known only from coastal Norway (Hordaland) and south-west Sweden (Halland). 40. Micarea subviolascens (Magnusson) Coppins, comb. nov. (Fig. 31B) Lecidea subviolascens Magnusson in Blyttia 7: 30 (1949). Type: Norway, Hordaland, Granvin, Steinsaethorgen, on easily weathered schist in an open windy place of a small hill, 780 m, ix 1944, J. J. Havaas, Lich. Exs. Norv. 694 (BG-lectotype!). Topotype material collected in 1949distributed in Havaas, L/c/z. Exs. Norv. 710 (BG!) and Lich. Norv. Occid. 269 (BG!). Lecidea assimilata f. aberrans Th. Fr., Lich. Scand. 2: 523 (1874). Type: Norway, Troms, Troms0, Fl0jfjellet, 1868, Th. M. Fries (UPS-holotype!). Lecidea assimilata var. hardangeriana Vainio in Acta Soc. Fauna. Fl. fenn. 57 (2): 374 (1934). - Lecidea assimilata var. hardangeriana Vainio in Havaas in Bergens Mus. Arb. 1909 (1): 29 (1909); nom. nudum (Art. 32). Type: Norway, Hordaland, Granvin, Sm0reggen, 650 m, 22 viii 1902, J. J. Havaas, Lich. Exs. Norv. 139 (BG-lectotype! [t.l.c.: no substances]; isolectotypes: BG!, H!). Thallus effuse, saxicolous, composed of ± confluent, white to pale brown, convex, verrucoseareolae c. 0'l-0-5(-0-8) mm diam; with age the crust may thicken (to c. 1 mm) and become cracked and divided into 'islands' c. 1-2 /xm wide. Areolae in section, sometimes with a hyaline amorphous covering layer c. 5-7 /xm thick, upper c. 20 /xm of areolae often tinged dilute olivaceous and Kf+ violet (pigment confined to the weak gel-matrix). Thallus hyphae 1-7-2-5 (-3) /xm wide. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-7 /xm diam. Cephalodia (?): spaces between areolae often filled by black, loose clusters of Stigonema. Apothecia numerous, immarginate, adnate, convex to subglobose, black, matt, 0-3-0-6(-0-8) mm diam, often confluent, or forming tuberculate clusters up to 1-2 /xm diam. Hymenium 40-55 /xm tall, dark green (K+ violet, HNO3+ purple-red) above, and below in vertical streaks, otherwise dilute greenish or ± hyaline. Asci clavate, 38-48x10-15 /xm. Spores ellipsoid, ovoid-ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, simple, 9-16(-17)x4-5 /xm. Paraphyses numerous, simple below, but in upper part often forked or with short lateral branches, l-l-8(-2) /xm wide, sometimes widening above to 3 /xm; apical walls hyaline although surrounded by densely pigmented gel-matrix. Hypothecium 150-300 /xm tall, dark purple-brown, K4- purple intensifying, or upperpart K-l- dark green; all parts HNO3+ purple-red; hyphae interwoven, but ±
186 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS vertically arranged in upper part, 1 •5-2-5 ^im wide, embedded in densely pigmented gel-matrix; ascogenous hyphae c. 2-5-5 /xm wide. Excipulum ± distinct in young apothecia, but soon reflexed, dark purple-brown (K-l- dark green) within, changing to green (K-l- green intensifying) towards the outer edge; hyphae radiating, branched, c. 1-5-2 fxm wide. Pycnidia: Not found. Chemistry: Thallus K— , C— , KC— , PD— ; t.l.c: no substances. Observations: In his protologue, Magnusson allied his new species with the Lecidea [Micarea] sylvicola group. However, Th. M. Fries, 75 years earlier, was probably nearer the truth when he described material of M. subviolascens as a form {'aberrans') of Lecidea [Micarea] assimilata. In my opinion M. subviolascens is very closely related to M. assimilata, and the reader is referred to the account of that species for further discussions. Habitat and distribution: M. subviolascens appears to have a very restricted distribution, being known only from the provinces of Troms and Hordaland in Norway. It is the only known saxicolous member of the M. assimilata group, and occurs on acidic rocks (schists and gneiss) in rather open situations. In the Hordaland localities it was collected at altitudes of 650 m and 795 m. The labels accompanying the specimens provide little extra ecological information, and the specimens have few associated species, although Pyrenopsis pulvinata and Rhizocarpon obscuratum have been noted. Exsiccata: Havaas Lich. Exs. Norv. 139 (BG, H), 694 (BG), 710 (BG). Havaas Lich. Norv. Occid. 269 (BG). 41. Micarea sylvicola (Flotow) Vezda & V. Wirth (Figs31C,51A;Map23) in Folia geobot. phytotax, Praha 11: 99 (1976). - Lecidea sylvicola Flotow, Lich. Schles. 171 (1829). Type: Poland, Schlesien, Flotow, Lich. Exs. 171A (UPS - lectotype!, sel. Hertel (1975: 74); WRSL- isolectotype!). Lecidea aggerata Mudd, Man. Br. Lich.: 208 (1861). Type: England, Yorkshire, Battersby, Mudd, Lich. Brit. 175 (BM - lectotype! ; isolectotypes: E!, H-NYL 14016!, M!, MANCH!). Lecidea incincta Nyl., Lich. Scand. : 231 (1861). Type: Finland, Satakunta, Kallfjard [Ahlainen: Kellahti], 1859, /i. /. Malmgren (H - holotype!). Biatora smaragdina ArnoXd'm Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien 19: 613 (1869). Type: Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, 'Melaphyr in Walde unterhalb Bad Razzes am Schiern [Monte Pez]', vii 1867, Arnold (M - holotype!). Lecidea hellbomii Lahm in Flora, Jena 53: 177 (1870). Type: Sweden, Narke, Vredstorp, Urby, on granitic rock, 1869, P. J. Hellbom (M- lectotype!). Lecidea sylvicola f. sublivida Vainio in Medd. Soc. Fauna Fl. fenn. 10: 104 (1883). - Lecidea sylvicola var. sublivida (Vainio) Vainio in Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. fenn. 57 (2): 298 (1934). Type: Finland, Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Kuhmo,Kylmala, 1877, E. A. Vainio (TUR-VAINIO 25226 -holotype!). Lecidea hypocyanea Vainio in Acta Soc. Fauna Fl.fenn. 57 (2): 300 (1934), non Stirton (1879). - Lecidea vainioi Magnusson in Blyttia 7: 31 (1949); nom. nov. Type: Finland, Regio aboensis, Turku, Hirvensalo, 10 vii 1924, E. A. Vainio (TUR-VAINIO 33172 -lectotype!, sel. Hertel (1975: 74)). Lecidea sylvicola \ar.flotowii Vainio in Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. fenn. 57 (2): 297 (1934); nom. inval. (Art. 26). Thallus effuse, thin and ± smooth or weakly rimose to rather thick, uneven and coarsely rimose, or sometimes with irregularly granular or verrucose areolae up to 0-3 mm diam, pale buff, pale to dark grey or bluish grey; in section without a cortex or hyahne covering layer, but walls of outermost hyphae sometimes greenish, K— , HNO^-f- purple-red. Phycobiont not micareoid; cells thin-walled, ± globose and c. 5-12 /xm diam, or ellipsoid and up to 15x 10 fxm. Apothecia numerous, convex-hemispherical from the start, often becoming ± globose or tuberculate, black and often with bluish tinge, sometimes dark blue-grey (deep shade forms), 0-2-0-5 diam, or to 1-2 mm when tuberculate. Hymenium 40-60(-70) /xm tall, dilute bright or sordid aeruginose, but often darkish aeruginose in upper and lower parts, and in vertical streaks (due to presence of stout pigmented paraphyses), K— or -I- aeruginose intensifying, HNO3-I- purple-red. Asci cylindrical-clavate, c. 35-45x8-12 /xm. Spores ellipsoid or ovoid, simple (an occasional 1-septate spore seen in a few collections), (6-)7-10x(2-5-)3-4-5 /am. Paraphyses
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