Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 183 Thallus: As for M. leprosula {q.v.) but with a different chemistry (see below). Apothecia sometimes (? often) absent, immarginate, ± globose and constricted at the base, sometimes irregularly aggregated or tuberculate, grey-brown, brownish black, or black and often with bluish tinge, 0-2-0-8 mm diam. Hymenium c. 65-90 /xm tall, ± hyaline but upper part oHvaceous or dilute reddish brown, K— , HNO3-I- reddish. Asci clavate, c. 60-70x19-22 /am. Spores fusiform, often slightly curved, 3-7(-9)-septate, (35-)40-50(-60) /xm. Paraphyses numerous, branched and often anastomosing, 1-1-5 /itm wide; apices often more richly branched, not or only slightly incrassate (to 1-8 /xm). Hypotheciumc. 120-200 /xm tall, ± hyahne or dull straw, but often mottled dilute fuscous-brown (K-) in the upper part; hyphae interwoven, but becoming outwardly orientated towards the hymenium and excipulum, c. 0-8-1 -5 /xm; ascogenous hyphae with swollen cells, c. 2-6 fxm wide. Excipulum distinct in young apothecia, but reflexed and obscured in old apothecia, hyaline or dilute fuscous-brown in part; hyphae radiating, branched and anastomosing, c. 1-1-5 jxm wide. Pycnidia not found. Chemistry: Thallus K— , C+ acid plus two unidentified accessory substances. red, PD-I- yellow; sections of apothecia C— ; t.l.c: alectorialic Observations: Micarea subleprosula is closely allied to M. leprosula and sterile thalli of the two species can only be distinguished by their reactions with PD, or by t.l.c. See under M. leprosula for further discussion. For additional illustrations of A/, subleprosula see Vezda (1961). Habitat and distribution: M. subleprosula grows over mosses on rocks in much the same habitats in which M. leprosula is mostly commonly found. It was originally described from the Sudety mountains of Czechoslovakia, where it occurred at an altitude of 900 m, and I have seen only two additional specimens: from Sweden (Varmland) at 200 m; and Wales (Snowdonia) at c. 760 m. It may have been overlooked for M. leprosula. However, I have tested numerous individual thalli personally gathered in the field (mainly in Scotland) during the last six years, and all of these were Pd+ red and referable to M. leprosula. 39. Micarea subnigrata (Nyl.) Coppins & Kilias (Figs. 31A, 50: Map 22) in Kilias in Herzogia 5: 391 (1980). - Lecidea subnigrata Nyl. in Flora, Jena 49: 370 (1866). - Lecidea denigrata* [subsp.] subnigrata (Nyl.) Crombie, Lich. Brit.: 70 (1870). - Catillaria subnigrata (Nyl.) Herre in Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12: 94 (1910). Type: Wales, Merioneth, Cader Idris, 1866, W. A. Leighton (H-NYL 19136 -lectotype!, sel. Kilias (/oc. dr.); BMexK-isolectotype!). Lecidea confusula Nyl. in Flora, Jena 55: 360 (1872). - Micarea confusuta (Nyl.) Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 76, 86 (1892). Type: Scotland, East Perthshire, Blair Atholl, Craig Tulloch, on mica-schist, 1871, Crombie (H-NYL 20191 -lectotype!; BM-isolectotype!). Thallus effuse, widespreading or as small patches amongst other lichens, of scattered to confluent or clustered, irregularly convex to subglobose areolae. Areolae 0-08-0-45 mm diam (usually at their largest when adjoining apothecia), dark grey-brown, matt or slightly glossy; in section with a hyaline amorphous covering layer c. 3-10 jxm thick, and outermost hyphae often pale brown (K-); a white medulla often developed in large areolae. Phycobiont mvc^nQOid, cells c. 4-7 /xm diam. Apothecia usually numerous, scattered to crowded and confluent, immarginate, at first adnate and slightly convex, soon becoming convex-hemispherical and occasionally tuberculate, dark brown (reddish brown when wet) to brownish black, matt or slightly glossy (especially when young), 0-2-0-6 mm diam, or up to c. 1 mm diam when tuberculate. Hymenium 35-38 /am tall, hyaline but upper c. 10-12 fxm (epithecium) fuscous brown, K-, HNO3-. Asci clavate 33-35x10-14 /xm. Spores ellipsoid (0-)l -septate, 8-12x4-5 /am. Paraphyses numerous, branched and anastomosing, (l-)l-3-l-7 /xm wide, sometimes, gradually widening to 2-5 fxm towards apices; hyaline throughout (epithecial pigment confined to gel-matrix). Hypothecium
184 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 45-160 ixm tall, hyaline; hyphae interwoven, some becoming vertically orientated towards the hymenium, c. 1-2-1 -8 /xm wide, intermixed with ± inflated, short-celled ascogenous hyphae c. 2-5-5 fjcm wide. Excipulum well developed, 25-45 yam wide, dilute fuscous brown; hyphae radiating, branched and anastomosing, c. 1-3-1-7 jxm wide. Pycnidia usually present, immersed within areolae with ostioles visible (x50) as minute pores surrounded by a thin, often slightly raised, dark brown rim; in section with a simple circular or flask-shaped cavity, walls hyaline, or pale brown around the ostiole; of two types: (a) c. 80-200 /xm diam; conidiogenous cells ampulliform to subcylindrical, some with 1-2 percurrent proliferations, 4-10 X 1-5-2-5 /xm, sometimes with swollen base to 4 /xm wide; conida (macroconidia) helicoid with 2-3 spirals, often appearing 3-5-septate, overall size 7-10x5-6 /xm, filaments 1-8-2 /xm wide (b) c. 40-100 /xm diam; conidiogenous cells ± cylindrical or ampulliform, 4-lOx 1-1 -4 /xm, sometimes with swollen base to 3 /xm wide; conidia {microconidid) cylindrical, 4-6-6x0-8-1 /xm. Chemistry: Thallus K— , C-, PD — ; sections of apothecia C-; t.l.c: no substances. Observations: Micarea subnigrata is characterized by its dark grey-brown, verrucose-areolate thallus, dark brown apothecia, fuscous brown epithecium and excipulum, colourless hypothecium, and 0-1-septate, eUipsoid spores. However, its most outstanding and characteristic feature is the helicoid shape of its macroconidia (Fig. 50A); such conidia are unique in the genus and apparently so in all pycnidial fungi, whether lichenized or not. In general appearance, habitat and shape and septation of spores M. subnigrata could be confused with M. intrusa, but Map 22 Micarea intrusa A 1950 onwards A Before 1950 + Micarea subnigrata • 1950 onwards O Before 1950 i
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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90 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS fM. elachista
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 95 T
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Infrageneric considerations LICHEN
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