Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 177 Map 19 Micarea prasina substance A # 1950 onwards O Before 1950 white) thallus, but equivalent morphological forms containing 'unknown A' are sometimes encountered. Specimens containing 'unknown C are exceedingly rare and are known only from coastal turf in south-west England and the Channel Islands, and on argillaceous soil on a bank by a woodland path in south-eastern Schleswig-Holstein. The above ecological and phytogeographical tendencies require to be more thoroughly tested throughout the range of M. prasina, and it is possible that a good case for the taxonomic recognition of these races as varieties, subspecies, or even species could be made. The type material of Lecidea subviridescens contains 'unknown C and has spores that are at the high end of the overall size range for M. prasina s. ampl. (10-18x4-5-5 /xm) and some with two or three septa. However the very large 2-3-septate spores are always old with secondarily thickened walls, and similar spores are sometimes encountered in other Micarea species that have predominantly 1-septate spores. Furthermore, similarly large, 2-3-septate spores have been found in some coastal specimens containing 'unknown A' and in some inland, lignicolous specimens containing 'unknown B'. Although I regarded 'subviridescens'' as a separate species in the recent British checklist (Hawksworth etal., 1980: 62), I now believe it should be subsumed under M. prasina pending further studies as intimated in the preceding paragraph. Habitat and distribution (see also 'observations'): As an epiphyte on trees or shrubs M. prasina has been found on a wide range of phorophytes; in Britain these include Acer, Alnus, Betula, Castanea, Corylus, Fagus, Fraxinus, Metrosideros, Quercus, Salix, Sambucus, Sorbus, Ulmus, Calluna, Erica, Rhododendron, Vaccinium, Sarothamnus, Ulex, Abies, Larix, Picea^ Pinus, Pseudotsuga, and Juniperus. It occurs on the bark or lignum (old dried wounds, etc.) of
178 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Map 20 Micarea prasina substance B # 1950 onwards O Before 1950 substance C ® Before 1950 I shaded trunks or main stems, but also on low (shaded) branches, fallen debris (especially in conifer plantations) and stumps. It is usually found in woodlands but sometimes occurs in sheltered niches in situations, e.g. bases of Ulex stems in more open, exposed hillside gorse-scrub. The phytosociological affinities of M. prasina are various and difficult to define. When on the bark of deciduous trees it sometimes occurs in shaded facies of communities belonging to the Lobarion pulmonariae, Parmelietum revolutae, and the Pseudevernietum furfuraceae. It is frequently found in small bark crevices amongst ± smooth areas of bark which are colonized by communities of the Graphidetum scriptae, Pyrenuletum nitidae, and Lecanoretum subfuscae. When occurring in such situations as the shaded trunks of young conifers or shrubs M. prasina often exists as ± pure stands; more detailed phytosociological studies may well lead to the formal syntaxonomic recognition of such communities. From amongst the British collections in E the associated species of M. prasina on the bark of deciduous trees include Arthonia spadicea, Bacidiavezdae, Chrysothrix candelaris, Cladonia coniocraea, Dimerella diluta, Evernia prunas- tri, Graphis elegans, Gyalideopsis anastomosans, Hypogymnia physodes, Lecidea icmalea, Lepraria incana, Ochrolechia androgyna, Opegrapha vulgata, Pachyphiale cornea, Parmelia glabratula, P. sulcata, Pertusaria multipuncta, Thelotrema lepadinum, Trapelia corticola, Dicranoweissia cirrata, Frullania spp., Hypnum cupressiforme, Lejeunea ulicina, and Metzgeria fareata. When on lignum its affinities are similarly difficult to define but it is often found in more sheltered or shaded (humid) niches adjacent to communities of the Calicietum abietini, Cladonietum coniocraeae, Lecideetum ostreatae, and Parmeliopsidetum ambiguae.
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