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32. Micarea osloensis (Th. Fr.) Hedl. (Fig. 28B) LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 169 in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 83, 97 (1892). - Lecidea osloensis Th. Fr., Lich. Scand. 2: 524 (1874). Type: Norway, Oslo, summit of Ryenbjerget, on decaying plant debris, N. G. Moe (UPS-holotype! [t.l.c.: no substances]). Thallus effuse, indistinct, apparently of whitish grey, ± convex areolae, c. 50-70 /am diam, in the single specimen seen the thallus is obscured by a bleached non-lichenized alga, giving it a pale grey 'filmy' appearance. Phycobiont ^xohdhXy micareoid, cells 4-5-6-5 /am diam. Apothecia numerous, ± evenly scattered, immarginate, convex to subglobose, black or brown-black, 0- 1-0-26 mm diam. Hymenium c. 30 /am tall; upper part (epithecium) red-brown, K— , HNO3— or red tinge intensifying; remaining (lower) part dilute reddish brown with darker, red-brown, vertical streaks. Asci clavate, 26-30x 11-13 /am. Spores ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, simple, 6-9-5x3-4 /am. Paraphyses rather numerous, simple below, but mostly branched towards their apices, hyaline and 1-5-1-8 /am wide, but occasionally surrounded throughout their length by red-brown pigment and then 1-7-2 /am wide; apices sometimes swollen to 3 /am wide, surrounded by an amorphous, red-brown, pigmented matrix that does not disperse in K. Hypothecium c. 70-85 /am tall, dark reddish brown, K— , HNO3— Excipulum not evident, even in sections of young apothecia. Pycnidia not seen. Chemistry: Thallus K— , C— detected by t.l.c. , PD— or red tinge intensifying. ; sections of thallus and apothecia C— ; no substances Observations: Micarea osloensis is characterized by its small, blackish apothecia with internal reddish brown pigment that does not disperse in K, simple, ellipsoid spores, and terricolous habitat. In the field it is most likely to be overlooked for Lecidea uliginosa, but that species has a well developed, pseudoparenchymatous excipulum, paraphyses with a brown apical cap, larger spores, and 'Trapelioid' asci which do not have a deeply amyloid tholus. Habitat and distribution: Knowledge of M. osloensis is still restricted to its type gathering from Norway. The appearance of this material suggests that it occurred in a woodland clearing on the site of an old bonfire (small amounts of ash are present), probably in a slight depression. The specimen is accompanied by the sterile thallus of Lecidea icmalea and a few plants of the moss Ceratodon purpureas. Dr H. Krog informs me that the hill Ryenberget is now well within the city limits of Oslo, and is now much affected by the results of urbanization, although not completely destroyed. It has an altitude of about 150-200 m, and was almost certainly covered in pine forest before it was engulfed by the city. 33. Micarea peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins & R. Sant. (Figs 3A-C, 25, 48, 53-54; Map 17) in Coppins & P. James in Lichenologist 11: 155 (1979). - Bilimbia peliocarpa Anzi in Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. 9: 250 (1866). - Bacidia peliocarpa (Anzi) Lettau in Hedwigia 52: 133 (1912). - Micarea violacea f. peliocarpa (Anzi) Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 81, 92 (1892); nom. superfl. (Art. 63). Type: Italy, Piemonte, Novara, 'Sopra i muschi nei monti del Lago Maggiore (Locarno), scoperta dal padre capuccino Agostino Daldini' (? TO, not seen: request for loan not acknowledged); an unlocalized specimen labelled 'Bilimbia peliocarpa Anzi Neosymb. no. 44' [reference to original protologue] in Anzi's handwriting occurs in UPS(!) and is possibly an isotype. Biatora lignaria (3. [var.] conglomerata Hepp, Flecht. Eur., fasc. 5, no. 284 (1857). - Micarea violacea f. conglomerata (Hepp) Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 81, 92 (1892). Type: Switzerland, 'bei Rifferschweil', on Finns bark, Hegetschweiler, Hepp Flecht. Eur. 284 (E - lectotype!; M-isolectotype!). Biatora lignaria var. saxigena Hepp, Flecht. Eur. fasc. 9, no. 510 (1860). Type: Germany, Hessen, 'auf Sandsteinfelsen bei Marburg', W. Uloth, Hepp Flecht. Eur. 510(E-lectotype!; M-isolectotype!). See note (i) below.
170 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Bilimbia milUaria var. lignaria *[f.] livida Korber, Parerga Lich.: 171 (1860). Type: same as Biatora lignaria var. conglomerata Hepp. Lecidea sphaeroides var. leucococca Nyl. in Stizenb. in Nova Acta Leop. - Carol. 34 (2): 18, 1. 1 , f. D, 47-51 (1867). Type: Finland, Tavastia australis, Evois ['Evo'], on lignum, 1865, J. P. Norrlin (H-NYL 18377lectotype!; H-isolectotype!). Bilimbia violacea Arnold in Flora, Jena 53: 473 (1870). - Lecidea violacea P. Crouan & H. Crouan ex Nyl. in Flora, Jena 45: 464 (1862), non Massal. (1852). - Micarea violacea (Arnold) Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 80, 91 (1892). Type: France, Finistere, Brest, on schistose rock, Crouan (H-NYL 18716- isotype!). [Note: listed as 'Bacidia violacea (Crouan ex Nyl.) Arnold' by James (1965a); this should not be confused with Bacidia violacea (Arnold) Arnold, Flora, Jena 67: 581 (1884), which is a Bacidia s. str.] Bilimbia trisepta Hellb., Nerikes Lafflora: 11 (1871). - Biatora trisepta Naeg. ex Mull. Arg. in Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. nat. Geneve 16: 403 (1862); as 'Naeg. mss. ex Dr Hepp', nom. inval. (Arts 32, 34). - Lecidea sabuletorum f. trisepta Stizenb. in Nova Acta Acad. Leop. -Carol. 34 (2): 47, t. 3, f. A, 35-62 (1867); nom. superfl. (Art. 63). - Bilimbia hypnophila b. [var.] trisepta Bausch in Ver. naturw. Ver. Karlsruhe 4: 127 (1869); nom. superfl. (Art. 63). - Bilimbia sabuletorum d. [var.] trisepta Rabenh., Krypt.-Fl. Sachsen 2: 187 (1870); nom. superfl. (Art. 63). - Bacidia trisepta (Hellb.) Zahlbr. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1 (1*): 135 (1905). -Micarea trisepta (Hellb.) Wetmore in Pub. Mus. Mich. St. Univ. Biol. 3: 284 (1968). Type: Germany, Hessen, 'auf Sandsteinfelsen bei Marburg', W. Uloth, Hepp Flecht. Eur. 510 (E-neotype!; M-isoneotype!). See note (ii) below. Lecidea hemipolioides Nyl. in Flora, Jena 56: 294 (1873). - Bilimbia hemipolioides (Nyl.) A. L. Sm., Monogr. Br. Lich. 2: 141 (1911). - Bacidia hemipolioides (Ny\.) Zahlbr. , Cat. lich. univ. 4: 114(1926).- Micarea violacea f. hemipolioides (Nyl.) Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 80, 91 (1892). Type: Channel Islands, Jersey, Rozel meadow, on rocks, 1873, C. Larbalestier (H-NYL 18713 - lectotype!; isolectotypes: H-NYL p.m. 4613!, BM!). Bilimbia naegelii f. lapiseda Th. Fr., Lich. Scand. 2: 379 (1874). Type: Sweden, Stockholm, Lyran, on rock, 1870, S. Almquist (IJ?S - lectotype!). Bilimbia milliaria f. livescens Th. Fr., Lich. Scand. 2: 383 (1874). Type: Sweden, Narke, Gotlunda, 'pa stenmuren mellan Stabacken och Hogby', on mosses, 1863, Blomberg (UPS - lectotype!). Lecidea albidolivens Nyl. in Flora, Jena 57: 10 (1874). - Bilimbia albidolivens (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss., Enum. PI. Scand.: 82 (1880). Type: Finland, Tavastia australis, Padasjoki, Nyystola, on lignum, 1872, E. A. Lang fVainioj (H-NYL 18775 - lectotype!; H - isolectotype!). Lecidea fraterculans Nyl. in Flora, Jena 58: 11 (1875). Type: Finland, Tavastia australis, Padasjoki, Nysstola, on rock, 1872, E. A. Lang [VainioJ (H-NYL 18704a - lectotype!; H-NYL 18704 - isolectotype!). Lecidea triseptatula Nyl. in Flora, Jena, 58: 361 (1875). Type: Finland, Tavastia australis, HoUola, on lignum, 1874, E. A. Lang fVainioj (H-NYL 18709 -lectotype!; isolectotypes: H-NYL 18710!, H!). Bilimbia albicans Arnold in Flora, Jena 65: 140 (1882). Type: Germany, Bayern, Oberbayern, near Bad Tolz, W side of the Blombergs, on sandstone in wood, 5 ix 1880, Arnold, Lich. exs. 837 (BM - lectotype!). Micarea violacea f. cupreola Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 80, 91 (1892). Type: Sweden, Halsingland, Jarvso, on rock, viii 1891, Hedlund(S-\\o\oiypQ\). Lecidea triseptatuloides Harm, in Bull. Seanc. Soc. Sci. Nancy II, 33: 64 (1899). - Bacidia triseptatuloides (Harm.) Zahlbr., Cat. lich. univ. 4: 161 (1926). Type: France, Moselle, Bitche, on Pinus bark, xii 1893, Abbe Kieffer (ANGUC - holotype!). Micarea violacea f. exigua Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 81, 91 (1892); nom. inval. (Art. 26). Notes: (i) 'saxigena'. This epithet has been applied at intra-specific levels to saxicolous forms of M. lignaria and M. peliocarpa. Its first valid publication was by Hepp (loc. cit.) as "Biatora lignaria (Ach.) var. saxigena (Leight) Hepp' with 'Lecidea milliaria (Fries) v. saxigena, Leight Lich. Brit. Exs. 210' given as a synonym. All examples seen by me of Leighton Lich. Brit. 210 (issued in 1856) are M. lignaria; whereas all examples of Hepp Flecht. Eur. 510 are M. peliocarpa. Hepp's illustration and description of spores are more applicable to M. peliocarpa than M. lignaria. The original valid introduction of the epithet "saxigena' should, therefore, be typified on an example of Hepp Fl. Eur. 510 and attributed to Hepp alone. Theoretically "saxigena Leighton' could have been validated for saxicolous forms of M. lignaria by providing a description, excluding other names or specimens that would render it superfluous, and avoiding homonymy with previous combinations of "saxigena Hepp' ; but I have not found such a case in the Hterature. (ii) "trisepta". This epithet first appeared as "Biatora trisepta Naeg. mss. ex Dr Hepp' in the protologue of
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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30 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 5 Sketch
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34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
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36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
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38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
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40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
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44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
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46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
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48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
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52 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 26 M. pr
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64 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 1 Conid
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72 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS n 1/ [\ f] n
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90 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS fM. elachista
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92 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Saxicolous ha
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Infrageneric considerations LICHEN
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