Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 167 Map 16 Micarea nitschkeana # 1950 onwards O Before 1950 Claudel & Harm. Lich. Gall. 89 (L, O). Harm. Lich. Loth. 853 (M). Hepp Flecht. Eur. 20 (BM, E, L, M), llp.p. (E). Krypt. Exs. Vindob. 1232 (M). Lojka Lich. Univ. 137 (BM ex K, M). Magnusson Lich. Sel. Scand. 340 (M). Malbr. Lich. Norm. 287 (M). Malme Lich. Suec. 25 (M, S). Rabenh. Lich. Eur. 582, 583 (BM, BM ex K, M). Rasanen Lich. Fenn. 642 (M). Zahlbr. Lich. Rar. 110 (BM). Zwackh Lich. Exs. 470 ['bei Miinster in Westfalen'] (H-NYL 18825), 470 bis ['Bei Delbrueck in Kreise Paderborn.'] (H-NYL 18822, M), 534 (H-NYL, M), 587 (H-NYL, M). 31. Micarea olivacea Coppins, sp. nov. (Figs 24C, 47A; Map 15) Thallus effusus, endoxylicus vel epixylicus aut epilithicus, tenuissimus, inaequalis, interdum leviter areolatus, albidus vel viridio-griseus. Algae cellulis 4-7 ^tm diam. Apothecia immarginata, primum convexa vel subglobosa mox tuberculata, atra, 0- 1-0-3 mm diam, aut ad 0-4 mm diam ubi tuberculata. Hymenium 30-35 />tm altum, dilute sordide olivaceum cum vittis verticalibus atro-olivaceis, K-l- clare olivaceo-virescens. Ascosporae oblongae vel ovoideo-oblongae, rectae, (O-)l-septatae, (7-)9-12-3x2-5- 3-5 jxm. Paraphyses numerosae, dimorphae: p.p. hyalinae, laxae, ramosae et anastomosantes, graciles, c. 1-1-2 /xm latae, apicibus interdum leviter incrassatis ad 2 fxm latis; p.p. pigmentiferae, fasciculatae, plerumque simplices, crassae, 2-3 ^tm latae. Hypothecium sordide atro-olivaceum vel olivaceo-fuscum, K-l- virescens. Excipulum paulum evolutum mox reflexum. Pycnidia numerosa sed inconspicua, ± immersa, 25-50 ^tm diam., parietibus sordide olivaceis vel olivaceo-fuscis, K-l- clare olivaceis. Conidia brevitercylindrica, 3-4-2x1-1-3 />tm. Thallus ei apothecia K- ,C-, PD-. Typus: Caledonia, Mull, Aros, Druimfin, in ligno duro, 15 v 1968, P. W. James (BM - holotypus).
168 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Thallus effuse, endoxylic to epixylic, or epilithic, forming a thin, whitish grey or greenish grey, uneven, sometimes weakly areolate crust; often appearing scurfy due to invasion by foreign fungi and algae. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-7 /xm diam. Apothecia numerous, immarginate, convex to subglobose, often tuberculate, black, matt or slightly glossy, surface minutely roughened, 0- 1-0-25 mm diam, or to 0-4 mm diam when tuberculate. Hymenium 30-35 /xm tall, without a distinct upper part (epithecium), dilute sordid olivaceous with dark olivaceous vertical streaks, K+ green intensifying, HNO3+ red. Asci clavate, 35-33x9-5-11 /xm. Spores oblong or ovoid-oblong, straight, (O-)l-septate, (7-) 9-12-3x2-5-3-5 />im. Paraphyses numerous, of two types: p.p. hyaline throughout, evenly distributed, branched and often anastomosing, rather thin, 1-1-2 /^m wide, apices sometimes widening to 2 /am and sometimes with colourless, oily, refractive contents; p.p. broad, 2-3 /xm wide, mostly simple, grouped in small fascicles and often embedded in dense pigment. Hypothecium 40-70 /xm tall, dark sordid olivaceous or olive-brown, K+ green intensifying, HNO3+ red; hyphae embedded in greenish gel-matrix but walls not deeply pigmented, c. 1-5-2 /am wide, interwoven but becoming vertically orientated towards the hymenium and sometimes continuing in to it as fasciculate paraphyses; ascogenous hyphae with short swollen cells, to 5 /am wide. Excipulum indistinct and soon reflexed, sometimes evident in sections of young apothecia as a hyaline or dilute sordid olivaceous, non-amyloid zone c. 20 /am wide; composed of radiating, much branched and anastomosing hyphae 0-8-1-5 /am wide. Pycnidia numerous but inconspicuous, ± immersed, 25-50 /am diam; walls sordid olivaceous or olive-brown, K-l- green intensifying, HNO3-I- red. Conidiogenous cells elongate-ampulliform to subcyUndric, 4—5-5x1-5-3 /am. Conidia (mesoconidia) short cylindrical, sometimes faintly biguttulate, 3-4-2x1-1-3 /am. Chemistry: Thallus K— , C— , PD— ; apothecia sections C— ; no substances detected by t.l.c. Observations: Micarea olivacea differs from M. eximia in its less brightly coloured hymenium pigmentation that is not concentrated in the upper part, more numerous and broader paraphyses, shorter and slightly broader spores with rounded apices, and shorter mesoconidia. From M. nigella it can be distinguished by the complete absence of purple pigmentation in water mounts, more numerous and broader paraphyses, more elongate and 1-septate spores, and ± immersed (never stalked) pycnidia. M. olivacea is easily confused with epruinose forms of the common lignicole Lecidea turgidula Fr., but that species has a dark green or olive-brown excipulum of conglutinated hyphae that do not separate in K, a paler hypothecium, and a thick walled, large celled phycobiont with cells 12-16 /am diam. In addition, the conidia of L. turgidula are smaller, c. 3-3-5x1-5-1-8 /am. When on rock M. olivacea can be confused with M. tuberculata, but the latter has a more brightly coloured hymenium and hypothecium, somewhat smaller spores, narrower asci, and a non-micareoid phycobiont with cells c. 5-10 /am when globose or up to 15 X 7 /am when ellipsoid . M. tuberculata has similar pycnidia and conidia , but its conidiogenous cells are more slender and about twice as long as those of M. olivacea. Habitat and distribution: M. olivacea is an apparently rare, but probably overlooked, species, being known from just two localities, both in Scotland. At the type locality it occurred on the hard Ugnum of a stump by a conifer plantation; the collection contains no associate species. At the other locality it occurred with Rhizocarpon hochstetteri and Baeomyces rufus on shaded rock in a mature conifer plantation. Little more can be said of its ecology until it becomes better known, but I am inclined to believe that it is essentially a lignicolous species with a preference for hard lignum . If this is true then care should be taken not to overlook it in the field for forms of the common M. denigrata with a reduced thallus.
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20 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Micarea The g
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
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26 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS A B Fig. 2 'M
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28 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 3 00
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30 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 5 Sketch
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32 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 6 Ascus
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34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
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36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
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38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
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40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
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42 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 16 M. in
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44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
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46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
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48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
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52 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 26 M. pr
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54 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS VJ Fig. 28 A,
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56 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 30 M. su
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58 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 31 - con
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60 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 33 M. tu
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62 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 34 Two t
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64 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 1 Conid
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66 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 36 Sugge
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68 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 37 M. ad
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70 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS s o o c o c o
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72 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS n 1/ [\ f] n
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76 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 45 M. li
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78 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS B OOQog Fig.
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84 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS In the case o
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86 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 6 - 5h 4 3 2
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. 88 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS the epithec
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90 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS fM. elachista
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92 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Saxicolous ha
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 95 T
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 97 a
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Infrageneric considerations LICHEN
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 101
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Page 196 and 197: conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
Page 198 and 199: populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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