Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

More documents

Recommendations

Info

LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 165 olivacea can be distinguished from M. nigella by their 1-septate spores. M. rhabdogena has a brown (K+ dissolving) pigment in the upper hymenium, and smaller spores. M. nigella could be confused with diminutive lignicolous forms of M. melaena, but that species usually has a bright green hymenium, larger and 1-3-septate spores, and never has stalked pycnidia. Habitat and distribution: M. nigella occurs on rather soft lignum of stumps of conifers and birch, in deeply shaded situations. Primarily, it appears to be an inhabitant of conifer woodlands, and has been found both in native pine forest (Black Wood of Rannoch) and mature conifer plantations. It is known from only three localities: north Jylland in Denmark, the southern central highlands of Scotland and north-east England; and, although undoubtedly a rather rare species, it has surely been much overlooked, at least in north-west Europe. 30. Micarea nitschkeana (Lahm ex Rabenh.) Harm. (Fig. 24B;Mapl6) in Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy II, 33: 64 (1899). - Bilimbia nitschkeana Lahm ex Rabenh., Lich. Europ. Exs. 583 (1861). - Micarea denigrata var. nitschkeana (Lahm ex Rabenh.) Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 79, 90 (1892). - Bacidia nitschkeana (Lahm ex Rabenh.) Zahlbr. in Annln naturh. Mas. Wien 22: 342 (1905). Type: Germany, Nordrhein-Westfalen, between Miinster and Nobriskrug, on Pinus in wood, T. R. J. Nitschke, Rabenh. Lich. Eur. Exs. 583 (M - lectotype!; isolectotypes: BM!, BM ex K!, M!). Lecidea spododes Nyl. in Flora, Jena 52: 410 (1869). - Bacidia spododes (Nyl.) Zahlbr. , Cat. lich. univ. 4: 151 (1926). Type: England, Hampshire, Lyndhurst, New Forest, old pales, /. M. Crombie (H-NYL 18819- lectotype!; isolectotypes: BM!, H-NYL 18820!). Bacidia nitschkeana f. microcarpa Erichsen in Verh. hot. Ver. Prov. Brandenb. 71: 97 (1929). Type: West Germany, Schleswig-Holstein, Eckernforde, near Levensau, Felmerholz, on Picea twigs, 9 xi 1924, C. F. E. Erichsen (HBG-holotype!). ? Bilimbia spododes f. fusca B. de Lesd., Rech. Lich. Dunkerque: 200 (1910). Type: France, Nord, Dunkerque, Malo-Terminus, on dead branch of Hippophae, B. de Lesdain (not seen). ?Bilimbia spododes f. livida B. de Lesd., Rech. Lich. Dunkerque, Suppl. I: 120 (1914). Type: France, Nord, Dunkerque, Zuydcoote, on dead branch oi Hippophae, B. de Lesdain (not seen). ? Bilimbia spododes var. nigra B. de Lesd., Rech. Lich. Dunkerque, Suppl. I: 120 (1914). Type: France, Nord, Dunkerque, Malo-Terminus, dunes, on dried rhizome oiAmmophila arenaria, B. de Lesdain (not seen). Thallus effuse, usually forming small patches but sometimes wide-spreading, sometimes partly endoxylic but usually developed on the surface of the substratum as crowded, often contiguous, convex to subglobose areolae. Areolae especially well developed around the apothecia, dull greenish white to green-grey, surface matt, c. 40-200 /xm diam; in section, without a well defined cortex and not surrounded by an amorphous covering layer, outermost hyphae sometimes surrounded by dilute olivaceous, K-(- violet pigment. Thallus sometimes blackish and scurfy due to disruption by invading dematiaceous fungi and non-lichenized algae. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-7 /am diam. Apothecia scattered or, more usually, numerous and crowded, frequently contiguous or confluent, adnate, plane to convex-hemispherical, sometimes becoming tuberculate, immarginate or occasionally (especially when young) with an indistinct margin that is flush with the level of the disc, grey-black to black, or rarely whitish to pale grey-brown (shade forms), sometimes paler at the margin, matt. c. 0- 1-0-3 mm diam, or to 0-4 mm diam when tuberculate. Hymenium 30-40 /xm tall, upper part dilute olivaceous to olivaceous, K+ violet, HNO34- red, C+ violet, also C-l- orange-red throughout due to gyrophoric acid; olivaceous pigment mostly confined to the gel-matrix, only rarely (in old, dark apothecia) closely bound to the walls of the paraphyses. Asci clavate 25-40x9-5-11 jxm. Spores fusiform, mostly curved, (l-)3(-4)-septate, 10-17 (-19)x2-5-3(-3-5) pun. Paraphyses numerous, branched and anastomosing l-l-5(-l-7) jxm; apices not or only slightly incrassate, and mostly without closely adhering pigment. Hypothecium 30-50 /am tall, hyaline; hyphae interwoven, c. 1-1-5 /am wide; ascogenous hyphae with swollen cells c. 2-5 /am wide. Excipulum distinct in sections of young, ± plane apothecia, but
166 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS reflexed and obscured in older, more convex apothecia; hyaline or dilute olivaceous (K+ violet) at outer edge; hyphae radiating, branched and anastomosing, c. 1-1-5 /jlui wide. Pycnidia indistinct but usually present, immersed in areolae; walls hyaline throughout, or olivaceous (K+ violet) around the ostiole; of three types: (a) c. 60-80 /xm diam, ostiole sometimes widely gaping; Conidia {macroconidia) curved or hamate, 1-3-septate, 12-26 xc. 1 /Lim; (b) c. 50-100 (xm diam, ostiole often gaping and conidia extruded as a white blob; conidia (mesoconidia) short-cylindrical or obovate-oblong, apices rounded but often distinctly truncate at proximal end, sometimes biguttulate, (3-)3-5-5(5-7)xl-l-5 /xm; (c) c. 40-50 /xm diam, ostiole never gaping; conidia (microconidia) narrowly fusiform or bacilliform, (4-7-)5-5- 7-5x0-7-0-8/>tm. Chemistry: Thallus K-, PD-; sections of thallus and apothecia C+ orange-red (also, parts with olivaceous pigment, C+ violet); t.l.c: gyrophoric acid. If thallus is heavily parasitized and scurfy the C+ orange-red reaction may be difficult to obtain and gyrophoric acid may not be detectable by t.l.c. Observations: M. nitschkeana is closely related, and similar in most respects, to M. denigrata {q.v.) with mainly 1-septate spores, and M. globulosella (q.v.) with ± acicular or rod-shaped 0-3 (-6) -septate spores. Like M. denigrata, M. nitschkeana has three pycnidial anamorphs; usually only one or two of these states are found on any given thallus, but all three states (plus apothecia) have been noted on a single specimen from Scotland {Coppins 3369). In the field M. nitschkeana can be confused with species such as M. cinerea, M. lignaria, and M. peliocarpa, but these species usually have larger apothecia and areolae, and are quite different when examined microscopically. Habitat and distribution: M. nitschkeana is widely distributed in the British Isles at low altitudes (below 300 m), and is most frequently found on twigs or small branches of various deciduous and coniferous trees, e.g. Acer, Aesculus, Alnus, Betula, Fraxinus, Prunus padus, Quercus, Salix, Sambucus, Larix, and Picea; or on the old or dead stems of smaller shrubby plants, especially Calluna and Ulex, but also Erica cinerea, Myrica, Rosa, Sarothamnus, Viburnum, and Juniperus. It has been found to be abundant on old stems and Utter of Calluna in some lowland heaths in eastern England (Coppins & Shimwell, 1971), Scotland and Denmark, where it is commonly associated with Lecanora conizaeoides and Scoliciosporum chlorococum; such communities are referable to the Bacidietum chlorococcae . Other associated species on twigs and small branches include Lecanora pulicaris, L. symmicta agg., L. icmalea, Mycoblastus sterilis, Fuscidea lightfootii (western districts), Micarea prasina, Graphis elegans, Stenocybe pullatula (on Alnus) and small thalli of Hypogymnia physodes, H. tubulosa, Parmelia subaurifera, P. sulcata, Platismatia glauca, Evernia prunastri, and Ramalina fairinacea. It has occasionally been met with on lignum of fallen conifers (Larix and Pinus) or fence posts, habitats more characteristic of M. denigrata. Associated species on lignum include Lecanora confusa, L. symmicta agg. , Lecidea granulosa agg., L. icmalea, Mycoblastus sterilis, Hypogymnia physodes, Parmelia saxatilis, and Platismatia glauca. Occurrences on rock are rare, but a few collections have been made on sandstone or flint stones in heathland, with Lecidea granulosa agg., L. icmalea, and Micarea melaena as associates. It has also been found together with Scoliciosporum umbrinum on a plastic carton in a heathland in the Isle of Wight (Brightman & Seaward, 1977). M. nitschkeana is widely distributed through much of northern Europe. In Scandinavia it has a southern distribution and I have not seen material of it from north of latitude 62°N. It usually occurs in lowland situations, but it attains higher altitudes in the Alps (920 m) and the Nizke Tatry of Czechoslovakia (1250 m). Additional phorophytes from extra-British material include Hippophae (France: dunes near Calais), Vaccinium uliginosum (Germany: Schleswig- Holstein), and Pinus mugo subsp. pumilio (heathlands of southern Germany). From outside Europe I have seen only one specimen: USA, northern California (near San Francisco), where it occurred on fence ppsts. Exsiccata: Arnold Lick. Exs. Ill (BM ex K, M), 503 A, B (H-NYL, M); 503 C (BM ex K, H-NYL, M), 503 D (H-NYL, M). Arnold Lick. Mon. 48 (BM ex K, M); 270 (BM ex K). Britz. Lick. Exs. 829 (M).
Page 1 and 2:
O' M' Bulletin of the British Museu
Page 3 and 4:
. 18 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 11. M.denig
Page 5 and 6:
20 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Micarea The g
Page 7 and 8:
22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
Page 9 and 10:
24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
Page 11 and 12:
26 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS A B Fig. 2 'M
Page 13 and 14:
28 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 3 00
Page 15 and 16:
30 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 5 Sketch
Page 17 and 18:
32 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 6 Ascus
Page 19 and 20:
34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
Page 21 and 22:
36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
Page 23 and 24:
38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
Page 25 and 26:
40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
Page 27 and 28:
42 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 16 M. in
Page 29 and 30:
44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
Page 31 and 32:
46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
Page 33 and 34:
48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
52 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 26 M. pr
Page 39 and 40:
54 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS VJ Fig. 28 A,
Page 41 and 42:
56 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 30 M. su
Page 43 and 44:
58 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 31 - con
Page 45 and 46:
60 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 33 M. tu
Page 47 and 48:
62 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 34 Two t
Page 49 and 50:
64 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 1 Conid
Page 51 and 52:
66 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 36 Sugge
Page 53 and 54:
68 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 37 M. ad
Page 55 and 56:
70 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS s o o c o c o
Page 57 and 58:
72 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS n 1/ [\ f] n
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
76 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 45 M. li
Page 63 and 64:
78 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS B OOQog Fig.
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
84 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS In the case o
Page 71 and 72:
86 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 6 - 5h 4 3 2
Page 73 and 74:
. 88 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS the epithec
Page 75 and 76:
90 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS fM. elachista
Page 77 and 78:
92 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Saxicolous ha
Page 80 and 81:
LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 95 T
Page 82 and 83:
LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 97 a
Page 84 and 85:
Infrageneric considerations LICHEN
Page 86 and 87:
LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 101
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101: LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 115
Page 102 and 103: 5. Micarea bauschiana (Korber) V. W
Page 144 and 145: LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE Tabl
Page 154 and 155: 32. Micarea osloensis (Th. Fr.) Hed
Page 158 and 159: 34. Micarea prasina Fr. LICHEN GENU
Page 196 and 197: conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
Page 198 and 199: populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
show all

Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?