Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 163 Pycnidia occasionally present but very inconspicuous, ± sessile, doliiform reddish brown, c. 25-35 ixm tall and 25-30 /xm diam; wall reddish brown or dull orange-brown, K— , HNO3— Conidiogenous cells ± cylindrical to ampulliform, 4-5 x 1-1 -2 /xm but base sometimes swollen to 2 jxm wide. Conidia (mesoconidia) short cylindrical, sometimes faintly biguttulate, 2-5-3-2xl- 1-3 fxm. Chemistry: Thallus K— , C— , PD— ; apothecia sections C— ; no substances detected by t.l.c. Observations: Micarea myriocarpa is characterized by its numerous, small, ± globose to tuberculate, reddish brown apothecia, darkish (but never blackish, even in thick sections) hypothecium, and small, narrow, 0-1-septate spores. The apothecial tissues completely lack any greenish pigmentation, unlike in M. tuberculata and Psilolechia clavulifera, species of similar habitats with which M. myriocarpa has been confused. M. botryoides is another common associate of M. myriocarpa, but can be distinguished by its black apothecia, darker hypothecium, larger spores, and numerous stalked, black pycnidia. Habitat and distribution: M. myriocarpa is faithful to the Micareetum sylvicolae and is found especially on exposed roots in dry underhangs under trees on steep slopes in valley woodlands. In the same situations it has been collected also on loose stones and mats of dry bryophytes. An additional habitat for M. myriocarpa is the dry undersides of stumps (especially conifers), situations which are microclimatically identical to rocky underhangs. In Britain, M. myriocarpa is widely distributed, but little collected, in western and northern districts. On the Continent the species is little known, but I have seen material from western Norway as far north as Trondheim, and Varmland in Sweden; and Wirth {loc. cit.) records it from the northern Schwarzwald in Germany (the type locality). 29. Micarea nigella Coppins, sp. nov. (Figs24A,47B;Mapl5) Thallus effusus, immersus vel tenuissimus, albidus vel viridi-griseus. Algae cellulis 4-7 /xm diam. Apothecia primum subglobosa mox tuberculata, immarginata, atra, 0- 1-0-3 mm diam. Hymenium 25-30 /Ltm altum, ± incoloratum, autem parte summa (epithecio) purpureo-fusca K-l- olivacea. Ascosporae ellipsoideae, ovoideae vel oblongo-ovoideae, simplices 6-5-11 x2-5-4 /xm. Paraphyses aliquantum paucae, dimorphae: p.p. hyalinae, laxae, ramosae, gracillimae, 0-7-1 /u,m latae, apicibus vulgo leviter incrassatis ad 2 /xm latis; p.p. pigmentiferae, fasciculatae, plerumque simplices, crassae, 2-2-5 ^tm latae. Hypothecium obscure purpureo-fuscum, K+ obscure olivaceum. Excipulum paulum evolutum mox reflexum. Pycnidia numerosa, atra, sessilia vel stipitata, interdum ramosa, c. 40-300 )u,m alta et 40-80 /xm lata, parietibus purpureo-fuscis, K-l- obscure olivaceis. Conidia ellipsoidea ad breviter cylindrica, 3-4- 4-3x1-2-1-6 ixm. Thallus et apothecia K-, C-, PD-. Typus: Dania, Jyllandia, c. 16 km septentriones e Hobro, Rold Skov, Torstedlund Skov, ad truncum decorticatum vetustum coniferarum in sylva mixta, 8 viii 1979, B. J. Coppins 4429 (E - holotypus). Thallus effuse, endoxylic, or ± epixyhc as a thin whitish to pale green-grey crust, but not forming discrete granules or areolae. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-7 pm diam. Apothecia few to numerous, immarginate, subglobose at first, often becoming tuberculate, black, matt, 0-1-0-2 pm diam, or to 0-3 mm diam when tuberculate. Hymenium 25-30 ^im tall, hyaline or tinged dull purplish brown in places, often with darker, purplish brown vertical streaks; upper part (2-15 pm) irregularly pigmented purplish brown; K-h dull green, HNO3-Ired. Asci clavate, 22-27x10-11 pm. Spores ellipsoid, ovoid or oblong-ovoid, simple, 6-5- 12x2-5-4 /xm. Paraphyses scanty, of two types: p.p. evenly distributed, branched, hyaUne, thin, 0-7-1 pm wide, with apices sometimes widening to 2 ^tm but not becoming pigmented although embedded in pigmented gel-matrix; p.p. scattered or in small fascicles, mostly simple, stout, 2-3 pm wide, coated ± throughout by dark pigment. Hypothecium 70-100(-160) pm tall, mottled, dark purplish brown, K-l- dark dull green, HNO3-I- purple-red; hyphae coated with densepigment and c. 1-5-3 pm wide, interwoven but becoming vertically orientated towards the hymenium and sometimes continuing into it as stout, pigmented paraphyses; ascogenous hyphae similarly pigmented but with short, swollen cells, to 4 pm wide. Excipulum indistinct- .
164 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS sometimes evident in young apothecia as a dark (concolorous with hypothecium) narrow zone forming an edge to the reflexed part of the hymenium; hyphae radiating, branched and anastomosing, c. 0-8-1 -5 /xm wide. Pycnidia numerous, black, sessile or more usually stalked, 60-300 jxm tall (including stalk) and 40-80 jxm diam; stalks (pycnidiophores) simple or sometimes branched bearing up to 4 pycnidia; stalk and pycnidial wall tissues dark purplish brown, K+ dark green, HNO3+ purple-red. Conidiogenous cells A-A-1-6 /xm tall, with a cylindrical neck 1 •9-3-7 fxm tall and 0-8-1-4 fxm wide, and with a swollen base 2-4-3(-3-7) /xm wide, the wall of which is often pigmented; percurrent proliferations not seen. Conidia (mesoconidia) ellipsoid or short cylindrical, sometimes faintly biguttulate, 3-4-4-3x1-2-1-6 /xm. Chemistry: Thallus K- , C- , PD- ; apothecia sections C- ; no substances detected by t.l.c. Observations: Micarea nigella belongs to the group of lignicolous species (including M. contexta, M. eximia, M. melaeniza, M. misella, M. olivacea, and M. rhabdogena) with an endoxylic or indistinct thallus and small, ± globose to tuberculate, black apothecia. It is characterized by the purple-brown, K-h green pigment in the hymenium, hypothecium and pycnidial tissues, simple spores and stalked pycnidia. It is most likely to be confused in the field with other species with stalked, black pycnidia, namely M. melaeniza and M. misella. M. melaeniza differs in having a bright green hymenium, a red-brown hypothecium that does not turn green in K, a different pycnidial pigmentation and shorter mesoconidia. M. misella has a K-l- violet hymenium, a ± hyaline hypothecium and an olivaceous, K+ violet pigment in the pycnidial wall tissues. Apart from their lack of stalked pycnidia, M. contexta, M. eximia, and M. Map 15 Micarea nigella # -I- Micarea olivacea ® J
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20 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Micarea The g
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
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26 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS A B Fig. 2 'M
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28 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 3 00
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30 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 5 Sketch
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32 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 6 Ascus
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34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
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36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
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38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
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40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
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42 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 16 M. in
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44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
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46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
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48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
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52 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 26 M. pr
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54 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS VJ Fig. 28 A,
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56 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 30 M. su
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58 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 31 - con
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60 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 33 M. tu
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62 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 34 Two t
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64 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 1 Conid
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66 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 36 Sugge
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68 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 37 M. ad
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70 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS s o o c o c o
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72 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS n 1/ [\ f] n
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76 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 45 M. li
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78 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS B OOQog Fig.
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84 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS In the case o
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86 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 6 - 5h 4 3 2
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. 88 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS the epithec
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90 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS fM. elachista
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92 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Saxicolous ha
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 95 T
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 97 a
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Infrageneric considerations LICHEN
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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