Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 161 Thallus effuse, endoxylic and visible as a white stain, or epixylic, or rarely epilithic; superficial thallus formed of whitish, greenish-white or grey-white, convex areolae, c. 0-06-0-2 mm diam, which are especially well developed around the apothecia; areolae sometimes coalescing to form a thickish crust up to 0-2 mm thick, which may eventually become rimose. Areolae in section without a hyaline amorphous covering layer. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-7 /u,m diam. Apothecia numerous, occasionally coalescing, adnate, convex, soon becoming hemispherical, but never globose or tuberculate, grey-black, or pallid, reddish brown or brown-grey in shade forms, 0- 15-0-46 mm diam; disc matt or slightly glossy; immarginate but the adnate rim is often seen as a ± colourless or watery grey zone, c. 20-40 /xm wide. Hymenium 40-45 /xm, ± hyaUne with upper part dark olivaceous or grey-green, K— , HNOs-f- purple-red, or ± hyaline throughout in shade forms. Asci cylindrical-clavate, 38-40x10-12 /xm. Spores simple, often biguttulate, ellipsoid, ovoid-ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, 9-12x4-5 /xm. Paraphyses rather scanty, branched (especially in their upper parts), sometimes anastomosing, 1-1-5 /zm wide, often sUghtly incrassate at apices to 2 /^m wide; or upper 9-15 /xm of paraphyses thickened by dense greenish pigment and then to 3-5 /xm wide. Hypothecium c. 70-120 ^im tall, dark reddish brown, K— , HNO3— ; hyphae c. 1-2 /xm wide embedded in the densely pigmented matrix, interwoven but becoming vertically orientated towards the hymenium; ascogenous hyphae with short, swollen cells to 5 (xm wide. Excipulum sometimes evident in sections of young apothecia as a non-amyloid, hyaline zone, but soon reflexed and obscured in older apothecia; composed of radiating, branched and anastomosing hyphae l-l-5(-2) ^im wide. Pycnidia rare, sunken within the areolae, c. 40-50 fxm diam; upper part of wall around the ostiole olivaceous, lower part reddish brown, all parts K-. Conidia {microconidia) cylindrical, 4-6x0-8-1 /xm. Chemistry: Thallus K— , C— , PD- ; apothecia sections C— ; no substances detected by t.l.c. Observations: Micarea muhrii is characterized by its convex-adnate, never tuberculate, usually dark grey apothecia, greenish upper hymenium, dark reddish brown hypothecium (without green or purple tinges, even in K), and simple spores. It recalls the mainly saxicolous M. lutulata in its pigmentation, but that species differs in having convex-subglobose, often tuberculate apothecia, smaller spores, and a larger celled phycobiont. The lignicolous M. melaeniza is another species with similar pigmentation, but has smaller, markedly convex to tuberculate apothecia, smaller spores, and sessile or stalked pycnidia. Habitat and distribution: Often in abundance on lignum of decorticate logs that lie across streams and probably become inundated at times; collected once on a periodically inundated boulder in a stream. So far, known only from Varmland in Sweden, from where it has been found in at least four localities by Lars-Erik Muhr, in whose honour I have the pleasure of naming this species. 28. Micarea myriocarpa V. Wirth & Vezda ex Coppins, sp. nov. (Figs 23C, 47C; Map 14) Micarea myriocarpa V. Wirth & Vezda in Poelt & Vezda, Bestimmungsschl. europ. Flechten, Erganzungsheft I: 161 (1977); nom. nudum (Art. 32). - Micarea myriocarpa V. Wirth & Vezda in V. Wirth, Flechtenfl.: 341, 345 (1980); nom. nudum (Art. 32). Thallus effusus, farinoso-granulosus, tenuissimus vel crassiusculus ad 0-3 mm crassus, pallide viridis vel viridulo-fulvus. Algae cellulis ± globisis, c. 4-1 ^tm diam, conglomeratis in granula goniocystiformes. Apothecia immarginata, primum convexo-hemisphaerica mox tuberculata, pallide vel obscure rufa, vel fusca, 0-1-0-25 mm diam. Hymenium 25-35 /xm altum, ± hyalinum vel dilute rufo-brunneolum, cum vittis verticalibus obscure rufo-brunneolis, K — . Ascosporae oblongae vel oblongo-ovoideae, rectae vel ± curvatae, 5-5-8-5 x 1 •5-2-5 /xm. Paraphyses aliquantum paucae, dimorphae:p.p. hyalinae, laxae, simplices vel parce ramosae, interdum anastomosantes, graciles, 0-8-1-2 fxm latae, apicibus interdum incrassatis ad 1-8 fim \ahs; p.p. pigmentiferae, fasciculatae, plerumque simplices, crassae, 2-3 /xm latae. Hypothecium rufo-fuscum vel armeniaco-fuscum, K — , HNO3 - . Excipulum nullum. Pycnidia pauca et inconspicuosa, ±
162 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS sessilia, doliiformia, rufo-fusca, c. 25-30 /tm diam. Conidia breviter cylindrica, 2-5-3-2X 1-1-3 /u.m. Thallus et apothecia K— , C— , PD — ; sine materia chemica. Typus: Germania: 'Baden, Nordschwarzwald, Schurmsee bei Schonmiinzach bei Schwarzenberg, alt. 790 m, Tannen am Seeausfluss', 25 v 1976, leg. V. Wirth (hb V. Wirth 6085 - holotypus!). Thallus effuse, pale green or greenish buff, scurfy farinose-granular, thin or thickish up to 0-3 mm thick. Phycobiont ?micareoid, grouped into small goniocyst-like clusters c. 10-15 ^tm diam; cells ± globose 4-7 ixxn diam, or ellipsoid 5-7x3-5-5 /xm. Apothecia numerous, immarginate, at first convex-hemispherical, soon becoming ± globose, often becoming tuberculate, pale to dark reddish brown, rarely brown-black, 0- 1-0- 15 mm diam, or to 0-25 mm diam when tuberculate. Hymenium c. 25-35 ^x.m tall, hyaline or dilute brownish, with dark brown, vertical streaks due to fasciculate pigmented paraphyses; K-, HNO3— . Asci cylindrical-clavate, 21-25x5-7 jxm. Spores oblong or oblong-ovoid, straight or slightly curved, simple or 1 -septate, 5 •5-8-5x1 •5-2-5 ^cm. Paraphyses rather scanty, of two types: p.p. hyaline throughout, evenly distributed, simple or sparingly branched (especially above), sometimes anastomosing, thin, 0^8-l-2 /otm wide, sometimes widening towards their apices to 1-8 /xm; p.p. pigmented ± throughout, in small fasciculate clusters arising from the hypothecium, stout, 2-3 /am wide. Hypothecium 35-85 jxm tall, reddish brown or dull orange- brown, K-, HNO3— ; hyphae coated with dense brownish pigment and c. 2-3 /xm wide, interwoven but becoming vertically orientated towards the hymenium and sometimes continuing into it as pigmented, fasciculate paraphyses; ascogenous hyphae similarly pigmented but with short swollen cells, to 4 /xm wide. Excipulum not evident, even in sections of young apothecia. Map 14 Micarea myriocarpa # 1950 onwards O Before 1950
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
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26 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS A B Fig. 2 'M
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30 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 5 Sketch
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32 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 6 Ascus
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34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
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36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
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38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
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40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
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44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
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46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
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48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
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54 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS VJ Fig. 28 A,
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58 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 31 - con
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60 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 33 M. tu
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64 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 1 Conid
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68 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 37 M. ad
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72 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS n 1/ [\ f] n
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78 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS B OOQog Fig.
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84 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS In the case o
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86 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 6 - 5h 4 3 2
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. 88 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS the epithec
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90 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS fM. elachista
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92 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Saxicolous ha
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 95 T
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 97 a
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Infrageneric considerations LICHEN
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conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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