Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE Table 7 Diagnostic features for the separation of Micarea denigrata and M. misella. Apothecia size (mm) Thallus type Spore septation Spore length (/u.m) Paraphyses Hymenium Macroconidia (/u,m) Mesoconidia (/Am) Microconidia (/u,m) Pycnidia (meso-) Chemistry (t.l.c.) 0-1-0-3 Usually endoxylic; sometimes with areolae, 60-120 /x,m diam 0(-l) 6-5-9-5 sparse; 0-5-0-8 )u,m wide C+ violet; very rarely also C+ orange-red unknown 3-5-5 X 1-1-5 3-8-5x0-6-0-8 sessile to stalked nil; but gyrophoric acid sometimes present in trace amounts, rarely in large amounts misella denigrata 0-1-0-5 usually with areolae, 60-200 /nm diam; rarely endoxylic (0-)l (7-)9-16(-18) numerous; 1-1-7 jxm wide C+ violet; usually also C-l- orange-red 12-24x1; curved 2-8-4-5(-5)x 1-2-1-8 (4-5-)5-7-5x 0-7-0-8 immersed to emergent, never stalked gyrophoric acid usually present in large amounts; very rarely not detectable and no stalked pycnidia it can be difficult to separate from M. denigrata, especially if in the latter no conidial (or only the microconidial) state can be found. In such instances M. misella can usually be distinguished by its small apothecia, mainly simple, uncurved ascospores and sparse, thin paraphyses. The same criteria can separate forms of both species with an endoxylic thallus and lacking diagnostic macroconidial or mesoconidial states. A C+ orange-red reaction can usually be obtained in sections of the apothecia of M. denigrata, although the reaction is sometimes very weak or unobtainable in diminutive, lignicolous, epixylic forms; in M. misella I have obtained this reaction in only one or two extremely well-developed specimens. Table 7 outlines the main diagnostic features of these two species. Apart from M. misella, black, stalked pycnidia are also a characteristic feature of M. botryoides, M. melaeniza, and M. nigella; however, the pycnidial wall tissue in these species is brownish or greenish in KOH, and never violaceous as in M. misella. For differences from M. melanobola and M. prasina see Table 6. Habitat and distribution: M. misella is almost exclusively lignicolous (especially on conifer lignum). It has not been found on bark, but has been collected on Picea cones, old basidiomes of polypores (Daedaleopsis confragosa and Gloeophyllum sepiarum), and on moribund Polytrichum spp. by woodland tracks. Most British collections of M. misella have been made from the sides and undersides of fallen decorticated trunks of Pinus, and associated species included Lecidea icmalea, Micarea prasina, Xylographa abietina, X. vitiligo, Cladonia spp. (scattered squamules), and Hypogymnia physodes. Reports on exposed roots and stones (e.g. Watson, 1930: 53) refer to other species, especially M. bauschiana. In Britain M. misella appears to be rather rare and restricted to Scotland where it is mainly found in the native pine-woods. It has been reported (as 'Lecidea asserculorum') from England and Wales, but all the pertinent material seen belongs to diminutive forms of M. denigrata and M. prasina, or quite different species such as M. melaena and Cliostomum grifftthii. M. misella is widely distributed in Europe, especially in areas with naturally occurring coniferous forests. It is found as far north as Lycksele Lappmark and Norbotten in Sweden, and an outlying southerly locality is on the Mediterranean island of Corsica where it was collected on the rotting lignum of Eucalyptus. From outside Europe I have seen material of M. misella from Canada (Ontario and Newfoundland), and from the highlands of Minas Geraes (at 1400 m) in Brazil. Exsiccata: Arnold Lich. Exs. 626, 627 (BM ex K, M). Arnold Lich. Mon. Ill, 241, 307 (BM ex K, M, MANCH). Britz. Lich. Exs. 208 (M). Claudel «& Harm. Lich. Gall. 445 (BM). Crombie Lich. Brit. 11 A 159
160 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Map 13 Micarea misella # 1950 onwards O Before 1950 p.p. (BM). Elenkin Lich. Ross. 189 (UPS). Krypt. Exs. Vindob. 1532 (BM, BM ex K, M), 4214 (BM ex K, M). Malme Lich. Suec. 365 (S, WIS). Norrlin & Nyl. Herb. Lich. Fenn. 744 (H). Reliq. Suza. 42 (BM, GZU, WIS). Vainio Lich. Bras. 1420 (BM ex K, M), 1451 (BM). Zwackh Lich. Exs. 1085 (M). 27. Micarea muhrii Coppins, sp. nov. (Fig. 23B) Thallus effusus, endoxylicus et labem albidam efficiens, vel epixylicus aut epilithicus; thallus superficialis cum areolis convexis, albidus, c. 0-06-0.2 mm diam, interdum coalescentibus in crustam crassiusculam demum rimosam. Algae cellulis 4-7 yam diam. Apothecia adnata, convexa vel hemisphaerica autem baud globosa, griseo-atra, aut pallida vel rufo-brunneola vel fumosa ubi umbrose, 0- 15-0-46 mm diam, immarginata sed vulgo zona marginali, complana, ± incolorata. Hymenium 40-45 jxxn altum, parte summa obscure olivacea vel griseo-viridi et K— , vel raro hyalina. Ascosporae ellipsoideae, ovoideo-ellipsoideae vel oblongo-ellipsoideae, simplices, 9-12x4-5 /u,m. Paraphyses aliquantum paucae, ramosae et interdum anastomosantes, 1-1-5 /u,m latae, apices versus vulgo incrasstae ad 3-5 /xm latae et vulgo pigmentiferae. hyalinum, paulum evolutum mox reflexum. Hypothecium obscure rufofuscum, K— , HNO3— . Excipulum Pycnidia pauca, immersa. Conidia cylindrica, 4-6x0-8-1 /x.m. Thallus et apothecia K-, C-, PD — ; sine materia chemica. Typus: Suecia, Wermelandia, par. Lungsund, Pungbacken, alt. c. 170 m, in loco aperto ad truncum decorticatum supra rivum, 15 vii 1980, leg. L.-E. Muhr 2851 (E-holotypus). [t.l.c: no substances.]
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. 18 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 11. M.denig
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20 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Micarea The g
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
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26 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS A B Fig. 2 'M
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30 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 5 Sketch
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32 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 6 Ascus
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34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
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36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
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38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
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40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
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46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
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48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
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52 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 26 M. pr
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. 88 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS the epithec
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90 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS fM. elachista
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92 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Saxicolous ha
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 95 T
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 97 a
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Infrageneric considerations LICHEN
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 101
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conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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