Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 155 presence of green pigments in apothecial sections (in water or K mounts). M. turfosa is similar in some ways to M. melaenida, but has a dark coloured thallus, an olivaceous hymenium, reddish brown (never purplish) hypothecium, and larger spores which are often 1-3-septate. Habitat and distribution: M. melaenida grows on, and in direct contact with, fine-grained sandy or argillaceous, mineral soils, and is not known to occur on decaying bryophytes or plant debris, etc. Unfortunately I have never seen M. melaenida in the field, and there is little ecological information to be gleaned from the literature or herbarium labels. Furthermore, the specimens examined have included few associated species, and only Cladonia sp. (squamules) and Catapyrenium lachneum have been noted. In its Hungarian locality it was said to have occurred on soil rich in precipitated salts ('argillosis natronalis') although no effervescence was apparent when I tested the soil with 50% HNO3. It is probable that M. melaenida is restricted to niches where the salts have been permanently leached out. A sample of soil from Fl. Hung. Exs. 714 was sent for analysis to the Macaulay Institute for Soil Research (Aberdeen) and Dr B. W. Bache of the Institute reports 'It bears no relationship at all to a sodic soil, and is in fact fairly acid, with pH 5-2. The conductivity is fairly low (0-8 mS in 1:2 extract), so it does not contain any great concentration of soluble salts, nor does it contain any carbonate.' The data on the herbarium labels, although limited, do indicate that it occurs at low altitudes, for example the collection from Loire Atlantique was made from soil on coastal cliffs; that from Gard was made at 100 m; and those from Hungary were made at 80-100 m. M. melaenida is a rare species with a rather southern distribution, and I have seen material from several localities in France (e.g. Loire Atlantique, Vienne, and Gard), and single localities in East Germany (Dresden) and Hungary. It is not known from Scandinavia, and its status as a British plant is doubtful. Its first British report seems to be its appearance in the checklist of James (1965fl), but I have been unable to ascertain the reason for its inclusion. However, its presence in north-west France suggests that it could occur in Britain, especially along the south coast of England or in the Channel Islands. Material from South Africa and distributed as Almborn Lich. Africani no. 84 is not M. melaenida but a mixture of two, undescribed species, both of which are probably referable to Micarea. Exsiccata: Fl. Hung. Exs. 714 (BM, BM ex K, E). Krypt. Exs. Vindob. 3154 (BM, BM ex K). Vezda Lich. Sel. 537 (BM). 24. Micarea melaenizaHedl. (Figs21B,38B) in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Hand. Ill, 18 (3): 83, 96 (1892). - Lecidea melaeniza ["melaniza'] (Hedl.) Zahlbr., Cat. lich. univ. 3: 798 (1925). Type: Sweden, Halsingland, lignum of old pine trunk, viii 1891,7. T. Hedlund iS-ho\otype\). Thallus effuse, lignicolous (sometimes extending on to bryophyte or lichen thalU), endoxyhc, or epixylic with whitish convex areolae; areolae c. 100-400 fxm diam and up to 45 /am thick, without an amorphous covering layer. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-7 /xm diam. Apothecia numerous, few, or absent, immarginate, at first convex-hemispherical or subglobose, often becoming tuberculate, black, matt, 0-2-0-3 mm diam, or to 0-5 mm diam when tuberculate. Hymenium 28-42 /xm tall, upper and lower parts aeruginose-green, middle part ± hyaline with aeruginose vertical streaks; K- or dulling, HNO3-I- red. A^dclavate, 26-35 x 10-12 yarn. Spores ovoid or dacryoid, simple, 5-9x2- 5-3 -8 yam. Paraphyses rather numerous, of two types; p.p. evenly distributed, flexuose, branched, thin, c. 0-7-1 ^tm wide, hyahne, but apices sometimes pigmented and then to 2-5 /am wide; p.p. scattered or in small fascicles, stout, c. 2 /am wide, each coated ± throughout their length by greenish pigment. Hypothecium c. 120-200 /am tall, dark brown, sometimes with a faint reddish (never purplish) tinge, K- or dulling, HNO3 - or red tinge slightly intensifying; hyphae coated with dark brown pigment and c. 2-3 /am wide, interwoven but becoming vertically orientated towards the hymenium and sometimes con-
156 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS tinuing into it as stout pigmented paraphyses; ascogenous hyphae similarly pigmented, but with short swollen cells to 5 /xm wide. Excipulum not evident in available material. Pycnidia numerous, black, sessile and c. 40-60 /xm diam, or more usually borne on black stalks (pycnidiophores) and 80-300x40-70 ^im (including stalk); stalks simple, or sometimes branched and bearing up to four pycnidia; upper part (pycnidial wall) dark olive but lower part (stalk tissue) reddish brown, both parts K— , Conidia {mesoconidia) short cylindrical, 2-3- 3-6xl-l-3/>im Chemistry: Thallus PD— ; sections of apothecia and thallus C-; material insufficient for analysis by t.l.c. Observations: With its black, subglobose to tuberculate apothecia, black, stalked pycnidia, inconspicuous thallus, and occurrence on lignum, M. melaeniza is indistinguishable in external appearance from M. misella and M. nigella. Microscopically, M. misella can be distinguished by the olivaceous (K+ violet) pigment in its hymenium and pycnidia, and its ± hyaline hypothecium; and M. nigra can be distinguished by the purple-brown (K+ green, HNO3+ purple-red) pigment in its hymenium, hypothecium and pycnidia. With respect to apothecial and pycnidial pigmentation and structure, M. melaeniza is almost identical to M. botryoides. However, M. botryoides is rarely lignicolous, and has larger, often septate spores, and longer mesoconidia. M. muhrii has similar apothecial pigments to those of M. melaeniza, but is readily distinguished by its larger, adnate apothecia (which often have a pale marginal rim), larger spores, well developed excipulum, and lack of stalked pycnidia. Habitat and distribution: M. melaeniza is a rare species, known only from three collections made in Sweden (Angermanland, Halsingland, and Smaland) where it occurred on the lignum of conifer trunks. Associated species identified on the examined collections include Calicium salicinum, Cetraria pinastri, Chaenothecopsis lignicola, Cladonia spp. (squamules), Dimerella diluta, Hypogymnia physodes, Lecanora symmicta agg., Micarea anterior, M. misella, M. prasina, Usnea sp., and Lophozia sp. 25. Micarea melanobola (Nyl.) Coppins, comb. nov. (Figs 21c, 46B-C) Lecidea melanobola Nyl. in Flora, Jena 50: 371 (1867). - Catillaria melanobola (Nyl.) Vainio in Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. fenn. 57 (2): 465 (1934). - Lecidea erysiboides *L. melanobola (Nyl.) Nyl. in Hue in Revue Bot. Courrensan 5: 103 (1886). - Catillaria |3. byssacea f. melanobola (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss., Enum. PI. Scand. : 91 (1880). - Micarea prasina f . melanobola Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 87 (1892). Type: Finland, Tavastia australis, Kuhmois [Kuhomoinen], on bark of Picea abies , /. P. Norrlin (H-NYL 21614 -lectotype!; isolectotypes: H-NYLp.m. 4504!, H!). Thallus effuse, thin and indistinct, of scattered to ± coherent, minute olivaceous granules (goniocysts), c. 12-25 jxm diam, which appear ± gelatinous when moist. Outermost hyphae of goniocysts with greenish, K-l- violet walls. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-7 (xm diam. Apothecia numerous, convex-hemispherical, immarginate, dark grey to black, 0- 1-0-24 mm diam. Hymenium 30-35 /xm tall, hyaline, but with a clearly delimited, dark green epithecium, K+ deep violet, C+ violet, HNOs-l- red; pigment closely bound to (? or also in) the apical walls of the paraphyses, and also present in the gel-matrix and apical walls of the asci. Asci clavate, 30-35x9-11 fjLm, upper wall(s) sometimes tinged with greenish, K+ violet pigment. Spores ellipsoid, ovoid, or oblong-ovoid, with obtuse apices, 0-1-septate, 7-9-7x2-5-3-3 /xm. Paraphyses scanty, branched and anastomosing, thin, 0-5-1 /xm wide; apices thickened with greenish (K-l- violet) pigment and up to 1-7 /xm wide, often overtopping the tops of the asci. Hypothecium 25-70 /xm tall, hyaline or dilute dull yellowish. Excipulum indistinct, sometimes evident as a non-amyloid, narrow (c. 10-15 /xm), reflexed zone of radiating, branched and anastomosing hyphae, 0-5-1 /xm wide. Pycnidia numerous but small and inconspicuous, sessile, black, with dark greenish (K-l- violet) walls; of two types: (a) 40-50 /xm diam; conidia (mesoconidia) cylindrical or ovoid- 1866, I
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O' M' Bulletin of the British Museu
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. 18 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 11. M.denig
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20 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Micarea The g
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
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26 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS A B Fig. 2 'M
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28 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 3 00
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30 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 5 Sketch
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32 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 6 Ascus
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34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
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36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
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38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
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40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
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42 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 16 M. in
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44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
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46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
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48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
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52 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 26 M. pr
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54 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS VJ Fig. 28 A,
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56 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 30 M. su
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58 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 31 - con
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60 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 33 M. tu
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62 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 34 Two t
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64 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 1 Conid
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66 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 36 Sugge
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68 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 37 M. ad
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70 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS s o o c o c o
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72 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS n 1/ [\ f] n
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76 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 45 M. li
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78 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS B OOQog Fig.
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84 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS In the case o
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86 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 6 - 5h 4 3 2
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. 88 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS the epithec
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90 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS fM. elachista
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92 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Saxicolous ha
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 95 T
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 97 a
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Infrageneric considerations LICHEN
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conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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