Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 153 -^y^ Map 12 Micarea melaena # 1950 onwards O Before 1950 C. floerkeana, C. subcervicornis, Coelocaulon aculeatum s. lat., Lecidea icmalea, Micarea leprosula, and Ochrolechia androgyna. M. melaena is often found on rocks, growing over peaty debris or decaying mats of bryophytes and Cladonia squamules, but occurrences where it is growing directly on rock are rare. To my knowledge, all such occurrences in Britain are confined to woodland situations in rather heavily polluted areas approximating to zones 3-5 on the scale of Hawksworth & Rose (1970); these areas include Leicestershire, the West Yorkshire conurbation, and Fife. M. melaena is widely distributed in mainland Britain, but is particularly common in the upland areas of the north and west. There is a dearth of records from Ireland, where it is unlikely to be rare in suitable terrain. M. melaena is known from most parts of the European mainland and is particularly common in the boreal regions of Fennoscandia and upper Bavaria and adjoining alpine districts, but this apparent tendency may, at least partially, be a reflection of the avidity of the collectors active in those areas, and the herbaria which I have studied! It has been found in the Azores on Cryptomeria and sulphur-rich soils near fumaroles, but it is so far unrecorded from the Canary Islands. From outside Europe I have seen several collections from eastern Canada and north-eastern U.S.A. Exsiccata: Anzi Lich. Exs. Ital. 259A (BM, M). Anzi Lich. Sondr. 170B (UPS). Arnold Lich. Exs. 332A-C (M). Arnold Lich. Mon. 49 (M), 248 (C, M), 249 (C, MANCH), 407 (C, M, MANCH). Britz. Lich. Exs. 946 (M). Fellman Lich. Am. 159 (H). Flotow Lich. Exs. 129C (UPS). Fries Lich. Suec. 212A, B (C, H-NYL p.m. 4778, M, UPS). Hepp Fl. Eur. 504 (BM, E, WRSL). Johnson Lich. Herb. 376 (BM). Krypt. Exs. Vindob. 362 (BM, M). Leighton Lich. Brit. 120 (BM). Malme Lich. Suec. 27 (C, M, S). Moug.
154 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS & Nestl. Stirp. Crypt. 1329 p.p. (E). Mudd Lich. Brit. 159 (M, MANCH). Norrlin & Nyl. Herb. Lich. Fenn. 180 (BM, C, M). Oliv. Lich. Orne 237 (M). Rasanen Lich. Fenn. 963 (M). Rasanen Lichenoth. Fenn. 344 (BM). Roum. Lich. Gall. 231 (M). Schaerer Lich. Helv. 196 p.p. (E). Vezda Lich. Set. 14 (BM, M). Zwackh Lich. Exs. 657, 675 (M). 23. Micarea melaenida (Nyl.) Coppins, comb. nov. (Fig. 22) Lecidea melaenida Nyl. in Flora, Jena 48: 146 (1865). - Catillaria melaenida (Nyl.) Arnold in Flora, Jena 53: 475 (1870). Type: France, [? Eure], Perrieres, Lenormand (H-NYL 18843 -holotype!). Lecidea relicta Nyl. in Flora, Jena 48: 354 (1865) [nee Stirton (1876)]. Type: France, Calvados, Falaise, L.-A. De Brebisson (H-NYL 21099 - holotype!). Catillaria schumannii {'SchumannV] Stein in Cohn, Krypt. -Fl. Schles. 2 (2): 232 (1879). - Lecidea schumanni Korber, Syst. Lich. Germ.: 255 (1855); nom. inval. (Art. 34). Type: East Germany, Reichenbach, near Ernsdorf, Schumann (WRSL - lectotype!; WRSL - isolectotype!). Catillaria zsakii Szat. in Magy. hot. Lap. 24: 108 (1926). - Toninia zsakii (Szat.) Lettau in Feddes Reprium Spec. nov. veg. SI: 9 (1955). Type: holotype not seen (? in BP); topotypes: Hungary, 'In argillosis natronatis prope oppidum Karcag, Comit. Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok. Allit. ca. 80 m. s.m. Mens. Szept. 1926', Z. Zsdk cfe G. Timko, Fl. Hung. Exs. 714 (E! [t.l.c: no substances], BM!, BM ex K!), and, from same locality but at '100 m. s.m.' and no date, Krypt. Exs. Vindob. 3154 (BM!, BM ex K!). Catillaria schumanni var. meridionalis Roux & Vezda in Vezda, Sched. Lich. Sel. Exs. 537 (1967). Type: France, Gard, Pujaut near Avignon, alt. 100 m, 'supra solum argillaceo-sabulosum, ad marginem Querceti ilicis', 6 xi 1966, C. Roux, Vezda Lich. Sel. Exs. 537 (BM - isotype!). Thallus effuse, terricolous (on argillaceous soils), forming a thin ± smooth, dull greenish white crust, c. 40-100 /xm thick, or forming confluent, convex areolae 0- 1-0-6 mm diam; crust sometimes becoming cracked so as to appear ± 'squamulose'. Thallus in section without a distinct hyaline, amorphous, covering layer, but with a hyaline 'cortex' 12-20 fxm tall, composed of compacted, evacuated hyphae (cytoplasm presumed lost owing to lack of staining by LCB or ammoniacal erythrosin); thallus hyphae l-5-2-5(-3) fxm wide; numerous algae-free hyphae penetrating the soil substratum to a depth of c. 1 mm (? or more). Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-7 /Lim diam. Apothecia numerous, scattered or 2-4-confluent, immarginate, convex to hemispherical, black, matt, 0-2-0-6 mm diam; old, contorted apothecia sometimes reaching 1-2 mm diam; occasionally a fine weft of radiating, white (hyaline) hyphae is seen around the edge of an apothecium. Hymenium 35-40 ^tm tall; uppermost c. 1-5 /am (epithecium) with dense, purple-red; remaining (lower) parts dilute dull purple, K— , HNO3+ red. Asci clavate, 35-38x9-12 /xm. Spores ellipsoid, oblong-ellipsoid or ovoid-oblong, straightor slightly curved, 0-1-septate, (7-)9-5-15x3^(-4-5) /am. Paraphyses numerous, mostly simple below, but often branched above, sometimes anastomosing, 1-1-7 ixm wide; apices (upper 5-15 /xm) often purple-brown pigmented and to 2-5 /xm wide. Hypothecium amorphous, purple-brown pigment, K— , HNO3+ 60-120(-200) /Ltm tall, mottled dark purplish brown, K— , or K+ purple intensifying in part, HNO3-I- purple-red; hyphae interwoven but ± vertically orientated in uppermost part, c. 1-1-8 /am wide, each with a densely pigmented gel sheath thereby giving a total diameter of c. 3 /xm; ascogenous hyphae c. 2-5-5 /am wide. Excipulum soon reflexed, but distinct in sections of young apothecia, purple-brown (usually darker than hymenium); hyphae radiating, branched and anastomosing, c. 1-3-2 /xm wide, embedded in densely pigmented gel-matrix. Pycnidia often present, immersed, black, c. 50-100 /xm diam; walls purple-brown, K— or Kf-Ipurple intensifying; conidia (? microconidia) , ± cylindrical, 4-8-6(-7)xl /xm. Chemistry: Thallus K— , C— , KC— , PD-; t.l.c: no substances. Observations: Micarea melaenida is characterized by its whitish, terricolous thallus, immarginate, black apothecia (with purplish pigmentation in section), numerous and rather stout paraphyses, and 0-1-septate spores. It is apparently related to M. assimilata {q. v. ) and its allies. When compared with M. melaenida, forms of M. melaena with immature spores can be distinguished by their finely granular areolae, narrow and less numerous paraphyses, and usual
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. 18 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 11. M.denig
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20 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Micarea The g
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
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26 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS A B Fig. 2 'M
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28 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 3 00
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30 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 5 Sketch
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32 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 6 Ascus
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34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
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36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
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38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
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40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
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42 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 16 M. in
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44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
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46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
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48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
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52 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 26 M. pr
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54 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS VJ Fig. 28 A,
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56 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 30 M. su
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58 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 31 - con
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60 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 33 M. tu
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62 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 34 Two t
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64 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 1 Conid
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66 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 36 Sugge
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68 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 37 M. ad
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70 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS s o o c o c o
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72 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS n 1/ [\ f] n
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76 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 45 M. li
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78 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS B OOQog Fig.
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84 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS In the case o
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86 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 6 - 5h 4 3 2
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. 88 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS the epithec
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90 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS fM. elachista
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92 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Saxicolous ha
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 95 T
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 97 a
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Infrageneric considerations LICHEN
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 101
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conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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