Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 147 Map 10 Micarea lignaria var. endoleuca # 1950 onwards O Before 1950 the British Isles. Only four examples of var. endoleuca have been discovered from outside Britain: from Baden (Heidelberg) and Bavaria (Bayreuth) in Germany, Bern (Langnau) in Switzerland, and Trentino (Appiano) in northern Italy. It should be checked for amongst material from other regions, especially south-west Norway, Bretagne (France) and the Pyre- nees. I believe that the var. endoleuca should be retained at varietal rank. However, as the depsidone argopsin (I'-chloropannarin) of var. lignaria is probably biogenetically distinct from the xanthones of var. endoleuca, a case could be made for its recognition at species rank. A comparative example is Parmeliopsis ambigua versus P. hyperopia (see Hawksworth, 1976). 20. Micarea lithinella (Ny 1 ) Hedl . (Figs4A,20A-B;Mapll) . in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 78, 97 (1892). - Lecidea lithinella Nyl. in Flora, Jena 63: 390 (1880). - Lecidea lithinella Nyl. in Flora, Jena 45: 464 (1862); nom. nudum (Art. 32). Type: Germany, Bayern, 'Sandsteineblocke am Waldwege von Banz nach Altenbanz in Oberfranken', ix 1860, F. Arnold 957 (M - lectotype!; H-NYL 19192 - isolectotype (fragment)!). Thallus effuse, saxicolous, often a thin indistinct crust between protruding grains of rock, but somes developing irregularly rounded, convex, more rarely subglobose, whitish areolae, c. 40-100 /xm diam. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4—6-5 /xm diam. Apothecia numerous, immarginate, adnate, convex, apparently never tuberculate, pallid or
148 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS dull yellow-orange to reddish brown (never black), (O-l-)O- 15-0-4 mm diam. Hymenium 35-50 ^im tall, hyaline but often tinged dilute straw in upper part. Asci cylindrical-elavate, 35-50x8-13 /xm. Spores ovoid or fusiform-ellipsoid, simple, 6-5-9-5X 2-8-4 ^tm. Paraphyses scanty, simple or irregularly forked above, 0-7-1 ^tm wide but sometimes gradually widening towards the apices and up to 1-5 //-m wide, hyaline throughout. Hypothecium c. 50-70 fxm tall, yellow-straw to dilute orange-brown, K- , HNO3- pigment confined to gel-matrix , and hyphal walls hyahne. Excipulum absent (not detected even in sections of young apothecia). Pycnidia apparently rare, very inconspicuous, immersed, c. 40 /am diam, with hyaline walls. Conidia (microconidia) narrowly cylindrical, 4-5-7x0-8-1 fim. Chemistry: Thallus C— , K— , PD-; section of apothecia C-; t.l.c: not tested. Observations: M. lithinella exhibits little variation except that between, and sometimes within, collections there is an intergradation from pallid apothecia with a dull yellowish hypothecium to darker apothecia with an orange-brown hypothecium. This variation is correlated with differences in exposure to light. M. lithinella is easily confused with forms of M. bauschiana with pallid apothecia. Difficult specimens can be determined by a careful examination of the phycobiont, which is micareoid in M. lithinella but non-micareoid (cells c. 7-13 jxm diam) in M. bauschiana. M. lutulata has darker apothecia which are commonly tuberculate, a darker (opaque) hypothecium, an often greenish hymenium, and non-micareoid phycobiont. M. muhrii is normally lignicolous but has once been found on rocks; it has adnate apothecia like M. lithinella but they are usually darker and have a taller, dark reddish brown hypothecium, and usually a greenish upper hymenium. M. myriocarpa shares a similarly coloured hypothecium with M. lithinella, but has smaller, globose to tuberculate apothecia and smaller, 1-septate spores. In their keys to Micarea Vezda & Wirth (1976) and Poelt & Vezda (1977) state that M. lithinella has a K+ violet hymenium and often 1-septate spores; this is clearly an error, probably due to confusion with saxicolous forms of M. denigrata or M. prasina. Habitat and distribution: M. lithinella occurs on acidic rocks, especially hard sandstone. Associated species encountered on the specimens examined include Baeomyces rufus (parasi- tized by Thelocarpon lichenicola on the lectotype of Lecidea lithinella), Huilia crustulata Rhizocarpon obscuratum, Scoliciosporum umbrinum, Trapelia coarctata, and T. aff . obtegens. This list of associates, plus information on some of the packets, suggest that M. lithinella has mostly been found in humid situations on outcrops and boulders by woodland roads. It was collected by Arnold, Lahm and von Zwackh from several areas of Germany: Bayern, Nordrhein-Westfalen and Baden-Wiirttemberg, respectively. In Sweden it was collected in Uppland by Hedlund who (1892: 97) also cited a collection by Blomberg from Sodermanland. One British specimen has recently been found: South-east York (V.C. 61), Wharram Quarry Nature Reserve, 44/85. 65, 1969, Coppins (E). At this locality M. lithinella was growing with Scoliciosporum umbrinum on the underside of a large flint; the upper, more exposed, part of the flint was colonized by Lecidea erratica and Rhizocarpon obscuratum. Exsiccata: Arnold Lick. Exs. 836 (BM ex K, H-NYL 19190, M). Lojka Lick. Univ. 233 (M). Malme Lick. Suec. 125 (M, S). Zwackh Lich. Exs. 590 (H-NYL p.m. 5404, M). 21. Micarea lutulata (Nyl.) Coppins (Figs 20c, 44B; Map 11) in D. Hawksw., P. James, & Coppins in Lichenologist 12: 107 (1980). - Lecidea lutulata Nyl. in Flora, Jena56: 297 (1873). Type: Jersey, Rozel meadow, bases of rocks, 1873, C. Larbalestier (H-NYL 10696lectotype!; BM-isolectotype!; M- probable isolectotype!). See note below. Lecidea laxulaNyl. in Flora, Jena 5S: 11 (1875). Type: Finland, Tavastiaaustraiis,Luhanka, Hietala, 1874, E. A. Lang [Vainio] 303 (H-NYL 20689 - lectotype!; H - isolectotype!). Lecidea poliodes Nyl. in Flora, Jena 58: 10 (1875). - Micarea poliodes (Nyl.) Vezda in Vezda & V. Wirth in Folia geobot. phytotax., Praha 11: 99 (1976). Type: Finland, Tavastia australis, Evo, [on schistose rock with M. sylvicola],J. P. Norrlin (H-NYL 20683 - holotype!).
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90 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS fM. elachista
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92 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Saxicolous ha
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conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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