LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 147 Map 10 Micarea lignaria var. endoleuca # 1950 onwards O Before 1950 <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> Isles. Only four examples <strong>of</strong> var. endoleuca have been discovered from outside Britain: from Baden (Heidelberg) and Bavaria (Bayreuth) in Germany, Bern (Langnau) in Switzerland, and Trentino (Appiano) in nor<strong>the</strong>rn Italy. It should be checked for amongst material from o<strong>the</strong>r regions, especially south-west Norway, Bretagne (France) and <strong>the</strong> Pyre- nees. I believe that <strong>the</strong> var. endoleuca should be retained at varietal rank. However, as <strong>the</strong> depsidone argopsin (I'-chloropannarin) <strong>of</strong> var. lignaria is probably biogenetically distinct from <strong>the</strong> xanthones <strong>of</strong> var. endoleuca, a case could be made for its recognition at species rank. A comparative example is Parmeliopsis ambigua versus P. hyperopia (see Hawksworth, 1976). 20. Micarea lithinella (Ny 1 ) Hedl . (Figs4A,20A-B;Mapll) . in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 78, 97 (1892). - Lecidea lithinella Nyl. in Flora, Jena 63: 390 (1880). - Lecidea lithinella Nyl. in Flora, Jena 45: 464 (1862); nom. nudum (Art. 32). Type: Germany, Bayern, 'Sandsteineblocke am Waldwege von Banz nach Altenbanz in Oberfranken', ix 1860, F. Arnold 957 (M - lectotype!; H-NYL 19192 - isolectotype (fragment)!). Thallus effuse, saxicolous, <strong>of</strong>ten a thin indistinct crust between protruding grains <strong>of</strong> rock, but somes developing irregularly rounded, convex, more rarely subglobose, whitish areolae, c. 40-100 /xm diam. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4—6-5 /xm diam. Apo<strong>the</strong>cia numerous, immarginate, adnate, convex, apparently never tuberculate, pallid or
148 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS dull yellow-orange to reddish brown (never black), (O-l-)O- 15-0-4 mm diam. Hymenium 35-50 ^im tall, hyaline but <strong>of</strong>ten tinged dilute straw in upper part. Asci cylindrical-elavate, 35-50x8-13 /xm. Spores ovoid or fusiform-ellipsoid, simple, 6-5-9-5X 2-8-4 ^tm. Paraphyses scanty, simple or irregularly forked above, 0-7-1 ^tm wide but sometimes gradually widening towards <strong>the</strong> apices and up to 1-5 //-m wide, hyaline throughout. Hypo<strong>the</strong>cium c. 50-70 fxm tall, yellow-straw to dilute orange-brown, K- , HNO3- pigment confined to gel-matrix , and hyphal walls hyahne. Excipulum absent (not detected even in sections <strong>of</strong> young apo<strong>the</strong>cia). Pycnidia apparently rare, very inconspicuous, immersed, c. 40 /am diam, with hyaline walls. Conidia (microconidia) narrowly cylindrical, 4-5-7x0-8-1 fim. Chemistry: Thallus C— , K— , PD-; section <strong>of</strong> apo<strong>the</strong>cia C-; t.l.c: not tested. Observations: M. lithinella exhibits little variation except that between, and sometimes within, collections <strong>the</strong>re is an intergradation from pallid apo<strong>the</strong>cia with a dull yellowish hypo<strong>the</strong>cium to darker apo<strong>the</strong>cia with an orange-brown hypo<strong>the</strong>cium. This variation is correlated with differences in exposure to light. M. lithinella is easily confused with forms <strong>of</strong> M. bauschiana with pallid apo<strong>the</strong>cia. Difficult specimens can be determined by a careful examination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> phycobiont, which is micareoid in M. lithinella but non-micareoid (cells c. 7-13 jxm diam) in M. bauschiana. M. lutulata has darker apo<strong>the</strong>cia which are commonly tuberculate, a darker (opaque) hypo<strong>the</strong>cium, an <strong>of</strong>ten greenish hymenium, and non-micareoid phycobiont. M. muhrii is normally lignicolous but has once been found on rocks; it has adnate apo<strong>the</strong>cia like M. lithinella but <strong>the</strong>y are usually darker and have a taller, dark reddish brown hypo<strong>the</strong>cium, and usually a greenish upper hymenium. M. myriocarpa shares a similarly coloured hypo<strong>the</strong>cium with M. lithinella, but has smaller, globose to tuberculate apo<strong>the</strong>cia and smaller, 1-septate spores. In <strong>the</strong>ir keys to Micarea Vezda & Wirth (1976) and Poelt & Vezda (1977) state that M. lithinella has a K+ violet hymenium and <strong>of</strong>ten 1-septate spores; this is clearly an error, probably due to confusion with saxicolous forms <strong>of</strong> M. denigrata or M. prasina. Habitat and distribution: M. lithinella occurs on acidic rocks, especially hard sandstone. Associated species encountered on <strong>the</strong> specimens examined include Baeomyces rufus (parasi- tized by Thelocarpon lichenicola on <strong>the</strong> lectotype <strong>of</strong> Lecidea lithinella), Huilia crustulata Rhizocarpon obscuratum, Scoliciosporum umbrinum, Trapelia coarctata, and T. aff . obtegens. This list <strong>of</strong> associates, plus information on some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> packets, suggest that M. lithinella has mostly been found in humid situations on outcrops and boulders by woodland roads. It was collected by Arnold, Lahm and von Zwackh from several areas <strong>of</strong> Germany: Bayern, Nordrhein-Westfalen and Baden-Wiirttemberg, respectively. In Sweden it was collected in Uppland by Hedlund who (1892: 97) also cited a collection by Blomberg from Sodermanland. One <strong>British</strong> specimen has recently been found: South-east York (V.C. 61), Wharram Quarry Nature Reserve, 44/85. 65, 1969, Coppins (E). At this locality M. lithinella was growing with Scoliciosporum umbrinum on <strong>the</strong> underside <strong>of</strong> a large flint; <strong>the</strong> upper, more exposed, part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flint was colonized by Lecidea erratica and Rhizocarpon obscuratum. Exsiccata: Arnold Lick. Exs. 836 (BM ex K, H-NYL 19190, M). Lojka Lick. Univ. 233 (M). Malme Lick. Suec. 125 (M, S). Zwackh Lich. Exs. 590 (H-NYL p.m. 5404, M). 21. Micarea lutulata (Nyl.) Coppins (Figs 20c, 44B; Map 11) in D. Hawksw., P. James, & Coppins in Lichenologist 12: 107 (1980). - Lecidea lutulata Nyl. in Flora, Jena56: 297 (1873). Type: Jersey, Rozel meadow, bases <strong>of</strong> rocks, 1873, C. Larbalestier (H-NYL 10696lectotype!; BM-isolectotype!; M- probable isolectotype!). See note below. Lecidea laxulaNyl. in Flora, Jena 5S: 11 (1875). Type: Finland, Tavastiaaustraiis,Luhanka, Hietala, 1874, E. A. Lang [Vainio] 303 (H-NYL 20689 - lectotype!; H - isolectotype!). Lecidea poliodes Nyl. in Flora, Jena 58: 10 (1875). - Micarea poliodes (Nyl.) Vezda in Vezda & V. Wirth in Folia geobot. phytotax., Praha 11: 99 (1976). Type: Finland, Tavastia australis, Evo, [on schistose rock with M. sylvicola],J. P. Norrlin (H-NYL 20683 - holotype!).
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