Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 141 richly branched, not or only slightly incrassate (to 1-8 /xm wide) and without closely adhering pigment (epithecial pigment confined to surrounding gel-matrix). Hypothecium c. 35-45 txm tall, but becoming much taller in markedly convex or tuberculate apothecia, dilute straw- or fuscous-brown, pigment confined to gel matrix; hyphae interwoven, but becoming outwardly orientated towards the hymenium and excipulum, c. 0-8-1-5 /u,m wide; ascogenous hyphae with swollen cells, c. 2-6 /am wide. Excipulum distinct in young, moderately convex apothecia, but reflexed and obscured in subglobose or tuberculate apothecia, dilute fuscous brown (K— ); hyphae radiating, branched and anastomosing, c. 0-5-1 -5 /u,m wide. Pycnidia not found. Chemistry: Thallus K-, C+ red, PD-I- red; apothecia in section C-l- red; t.l.c: argopsin and gyrophoric acid. Observations: M. leprosula is characterized by its sterile or sparingly fertile, granular thallus composed of blue-grey (or brown-grey), fragile areolae which often dissolve (or become abraded) to form contrasting, yellowish green, sorediose patches. These characters are shared by the much rarer M. subleprosula, and the thalli of both react C+ red. However, M. subleprosula can be separated by the PD-I- yellow reaction of its thallus due to the presence of alectorialic acid. When fertile M. subleprosula is found to have much larger, mostly 7-septate spores. M. leprosula is usually distinctive in the field (although material should always be checked with M. subleprosula in mind) but can easily be overlooked when it occurs on bryophytes on shaded rocks or trees, whence the thallus often lacks its characteristic bluish tinge and the areolae are thinly scattered. The species is usually sterile but fertile specimens are occasionally encountered, especially in sheltered (but not deeply shaded) situations, such as on boulders and old walls in woodland. Hedlund (1892) regarded M. leprosula as a variety of M. peliocarpa (q.v.) and the apothecia of the two species are somewhat similar. However, those of M. leprosula exhibit several minor, yet significant, differences; spores tend to be slightly longer; apothecia tend to be more markedly convex and more frequently tuberculate; hypothecium and excipulum are dilutely pigmented with a dull brown pigment; and paraphyses never become thickened and pigmented at their apices. The two species also differ in several fundamental aspects of thallus morphology and chemistry. With regard to the production of argopsin and to the presence of a dull brown pigment in the excipulum and hypothecium M. leprosula shows some affinity to M. lignaria var. lignaria, with which it often occurs. However, M. lignaria lacks gyrophoric acid, has usually longer and more septate spores, and somewhat stouter and only sparingly branched paraphyses. The areolae of M. leprosula and M. subleprosula differ from those of such species as M. lignaria, M. peliocarpa, and M. cinerea, in lacking an amorphous hyaline covering layer (see 'morphology')- Habitat and distribution: M. leprosula is widely distributed in upland areas in the north and west of Britain, occurring at altitudes from about sea-level to at least 1100 m. It is found, usually on moribund bryophytes (e.g. Andraea spp. and Rhacomitrium spp.) on rocky ledges, boulders, and old walls, in exposed hilly areas, mountain sides or woodlands. Associated lichens noted amongst British collections include Arthrorhaphis citrinella, Baeomyces rufus, Belonia incar- nata, Cladonia cervicornis, C. coccifera, C. crispata, C. portentosa, C. squamosa, C. subcervicornis, Coelocaulon aculeatum, Lecidea granulosa, L. icmalea, Lepraria neglecta, Micarea lignaria, M. peliocarpa, and Vorarlbergia renitens. From Scotland I have seen two corticolous specimens, on trunks of Alnus and Betula; associated species present included Cladonia coniocraea, C. squamosa, Lecidea icmalea, Micarea melaena, and Platismatia glauca. There are two outlying localities in the lowlands of southern England. In Dorset it occurs on waste heaps of slag clay with M. lignaria (q. v.); and in Kent it was found with M. peliocarpa on wood chips lying at the side of a woodland track in a chestnut (Castanea) coppice. M. leprosula is poorly recorded outside Britain, probably because it is so often sterile. To date, I have seen one specimen from Norway (Hordaland) and several collections from mid- and southern Sweden. Further south it seems to be well represented in the Alps, and I have seen one
142 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Map 8 Micarea leprosula # 1950 onwards O Before 1950 collection from Bohemia (Czechoslovakia). This Bohemian record, and another from the Black Forest (Schwarzwald) were made from exsiccate specimens {Kutdk 417 and Migula 1) of M. lignaria growing on wooden roof shingles. Exsiccata: Kutak Lich. Bohem. 417 p. min. p. (0). Magnusson Lich. Sel. Scand. 208 (BM, C, GZU). Migula Crypt. Germ. \p. min. p. (C, E, M). 19a. Micarea lignaria (Ach.) Hedl. var. lignaria (Figs lA, 3D-E, 19, 45, 53-54; Map 9) in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 82, 93 (1892). - Lecidea lignaria Ach. in K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 1808: 236 (1808). - Bilimbia lignaria (Ach.) Massal. , Ric. Lich. Crost. : 121 (1852). - Bacidia lignaria (Ach.) Lettau in Hedwigia 52: 132 (1912). Type: Sweden: 'Svecia', on lignum, (H-ACH 265 - lectotype; BM - ? isotype!). Lecidea milliaria Fr. in K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 1822: 255 (1822). Type: Sweden, Smaland, Femsjo, on lignum, E. M. Fries (UPS - lectotype! [t.l.c: argopsin]). Lecidea geomaea Taylor in Mackay, Fl. Hib. 2: VIA (1836). Type: Ireland, South Kerry, Dunkerron, T. Taylor (BM - lectotype!; BM ex K - isolectotype!). Bilimbia milliaria a. [var.] lignaria** [f.] calamophila Korber, Parerga lich. : 171 (1860). Type: Germany: 'an Schilfrohrdachern um Miinster', J. G. F. X. Lahm (L 910, 144-1685 - lectotype!; L 910, 144-1689 - isolectotype! [t.l.c: argopsin]. Bilimbia milliaria (3. [var.] saxicola Korber, Parerga lich. : 171 (1860). Type: Germany: 'Bilimbia trochiscus Korb. prim, B. miliaria p. saxicola Kb.! Extersteine', on sandstone, ? Beckhaus (WRSL- lectotype!).
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conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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