Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 139 upper part sometimes pale orange, K+ purple-red (see below); hyphae interwoven, but becoming vertically orientated towards the hymenium, hyaline, c. 1-7-2 fxm wide; ascogenous hyphae short-celled, to 5 /xm wide, contents sometimes with dilute orange, K+ purple-red pigment. Excipulum reflexed to below the surface of surrounding thallus, thin, dilute brownish or ± hyaline in places, sometimes darkish brown at outer edge; hyphae radiating, branched and anastomosing, c. 1-5-2 /xm wide. Pycn/rf/fl not seen. Chemistry: Thallus surface and sections K— , C-, KC— , PD-, not analysed by t. I.e. I-; apothecia sections C— Observations: This species is placed in Micarea with some hesitation, owing to its unusual habitat (for a Micarea) and large-celled, thick-walled, non-micareoid phycobiont. However, much the same habitat is shared by M. subnigrata (a species with a typical micareoid phycobiont) and no other fungal characters appear to merit its exclusion. It is similar in appearance to M. subnigrata which can be distinguished by its brown epithecium and usual presence of pycnidia containing helicoid macroconidia. Superficially, M. intrusa is virtually indistinguishable from Table 5 Species associated with Micarea intrusa in Norway (see text). Aspicilia morioides Caloplaca of. lamprocheila Candelariella vitellina Cornicularia normoerica Fuscidea cyathoides F. intercincta F. tenebrica Haematomma ochroleucum Lecanora badia L. gangaleoides L. intricata L. polytropa L. cf . salina Lecidea fuliginosa L. fuscoatra L. lactea L. lapicida L. leucophaea L. vorticosa Micarea subnigrata Opegrapha gyrocarpa Pertusaria dealbescens P. lactea Placopsis gelida Porina chlorotica P. guentheri Ramalina subfarinacea Rhizocarpon geographicum R. lecanorinum R. riparium subsp. lindsayanum Rinodina gennarii Schaereria tenebrosa Stereocaulon vesuvianum Trapelia involuta Umbilicaria spodochroa ± vertical rocks horizontal rocks ;
140 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS forms of Scoliciosporum umbrinum with a well developed thallus, but that species has vermiform or sigmoid-curved spores. The phycobiont in M. intrusa and S. umbrinum appears to be the same; any future critical appraisal of the delimitation oi Scoliciosporum should seriously consider the generic disposition of M. intrusa. The pale orange, K+ purple-red pigment commonly found in the ascogenous hyphae, asci and spores has not been seen by me in any other Micarea, although it is conceivable that it is the same, or similar, to the pigment found in the goniocysts of M. hedlundii {q. v.). Habitat and distribution: M. intrusa occurs on hard siliceous (igneous) rocks in communities referable to the Umbilicarietum cylindricae in its broad sense (James etal., 1977). In Nylander's protologue of Lecidea aphanoides it is said to occur on calcareous rock, but this is erroneous; application of 50% HNO3 to fragments of substratum from the holotype produced no efferves- cence. The formation of small patches amongst other crustose lichens indicates that M. intrusa may be, at least facultatively, parasitic. Such suggestions have been previously propounded by Magnusson (1942), Poelt (1958), and Wirth (1973), all of whom related its behaviour to that of Lecanora intrudens and Lecidea furvella. In several collections, including the type of Lecidea intrusa, it occurs amongst the areolae of Huilia panaeola, but it is by no means confined to that 'host'. From her studies on the island of Sotra in Hordaland, Norway, Miss L. Skjolddal informs me that M. intrusa occurs on sheltered, sunny, west or south-west facing exposures of gneiss and amphibolite, on steep surfaces or, in one case, on a ± horizontal surface. Miss Skjolddal kindly provided me with a list of associated species (Table 5). M. intrusa is probably widespread in areas of western Europe with exposed, hard, igneous rocks; however, it is a very inconspicuous species and records are wanting from many potential localities. I have seen material from southern Scandinavia (several localities). North Norway (Finnmark), and the Grampian Mountains of Scotland. In addition, Wirth (1973) cites collections from France (Vosges) and West Germany (Schwarzwald). Exsiccata: Norrlin & Nyl. Herb. Lich. Fenn. 182 (BM). 18. Micarea leprosula (Th. Fr.) Coppins & A. Fletcher (Figs 18, 53-54; Map 8) in Fletcher in Lichenologist 7: 111 (1975). - Bilimbia milliaria y leprosula Th. Fr. , Lich. Scand. 2: 382 (1874). - Micarea violacea var. leprosula (Th. Fr.) Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 81, 92 (1892). - Bilimbia leprosula (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier in Bull. Geogr. bot. 21: 179 (1911). - Bacidia leprosula (Th. Fr.) Lettau in Hedwigia 52: 133 (1912). Type: Sweden, Uppsala, Witulfsberg [Wittuls- berg], 26 vi 1852, Th. M. Fries (UPS - lectotype! [t.l.c. : argopsin and gyrophoric acid]). Thallus effuse, superficial, of convex to subglobose areolae c. 100-350(-400) fxm diam; these usually coalesce toward the centre of the thallus, whence they may proliferate, producing secondary granular-areolae, such that the thallus becomes thicker (to c. 700 /xm thick). Areolae blue-grey or, more rarely, grey-brown, matt with a minutely roughened surface with white flecks (x50 lens); lower sides of ± globose areolae, and areolae in shaded situations, often unpigmented and greenish white. Areolae fragile and often breaking down or eroding to form sorediate patches with irregularly shaped soredial granules c. 20-50 /xm diam. Sections of intact areolae ecorticate and without an amorphous hyaline covering layer; outermost hyphae often coloured with greenish or brownish pigment, K— , HNO3-I- reddish. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-7 /xm diam. Apothecia often absent, at first adnate but often becoming constricted below, convex to subglobose, commonly tuberculate, immarginate or rarely very faintly marginate when young, matt or slightly glossy, dark blue-grey or black, 0- 15-0-4 mm diam, or to 0-7 mm diam when HNO3-I- tuberculate. Hymenium 45-60 /xm tall, hyaline or dilute green, but dark green (K— , red) in upper part (epithecium). Asci clavate, 40-55x14-16 /xm. Spores oblong-ellipsoid, oblong-fusiform or clavate-fusiform, often curved, (l-)3-septate, 14-26(-29)x4-5(-5-5) /xm. Paraphyses numerous, branched and anastomosing, (0-7-)l-l-5 /xm wide; apices often more
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. 18 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 11. M.denig
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20 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Micarea The g
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
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26 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS A B Fig. 2 'M
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30 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 5 Sketch
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32 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 6 Ascus
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34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
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36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
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38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
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40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
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42 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 16 M. in
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44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
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46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
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48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
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56 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 30 M. su
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64 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 1 Conid
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72 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS n 1/ [\ f] n
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conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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