Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 137 scattered squamules of Cladonia spp. and fragments of Lepraria spp, although one of the Norwegian collections includes a Chaenothecopsis. M. hedlundii seems to be a very rare species, but is known from scattered localities in Norway, Sweden, Germany (Bayern), Austria (Steiermark), and possibly Switzerland. Etymology: This new species is named in honour of Johan Teodor Hedlund (1861-1953) in recognition of his pioneering study of Micarea included in his doctorate thesis for the University of Uppsala (Hedlund, 1892), a work that has been a constant inspiration during my own studies. 16. Micarea incrassata Hedl. (Figs4C, 16,41A-B;Map3) in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 82, 94 (1892). Type: Austria, 'supra muscos in summo jungo Kraxentrag circa Brenner, Tirol, c. 2800 m. alt.', A. Minks (S - holotype!). Lecidea assimilata B. [var.] infuscata Th. Fr., Lich. Scand. 2: 522 (1874). - Lecidea assimilata f. infuscata (Th. Fr.) Vainio in Medd. Soc. Fauna Fl. fenn. 10: 85 (1883). Type: Norway, Sor-Trondelag, Oppdal hd., Dovre, Kongsvoll, Hogsnyta, 17 viii 1863, Th. M. Fries (UPS - lectotype!; UPS - isolectotype! [t.l.c: no substances]). Thallus growing on bryophytes, plant debris or sandy soil, composed of confluent, convexverrucose areolae that are intermixed with cephalodia. Areolae dull grey-white, or grey-brown to dark grey, matt, 0-08-0-3 mm diam; in section, usually without a hyaline amorphous covering layer (but sometimes seen in sections of young areolae), hyphae in outer c. 10 jxm often with light brown walls. A ± algae-free medulla often differentiated. Thallus hyphae c. T8-3 /am wide. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4—7 /u,m diam. Cephalodia often present, irregularly globose and hidden amongst the areolae but sometimes visible externally as brown areolae-like structures, 0-2-0-6 mm diam; containing Nostoc, cells 3-5 /i,m diam. Less often present are irregular, rather loose clusters (? cephalodia) of Stigonema. Apothecia numerous, immarginate, convex, ± adnate and often partly immersed by surrounding areolae, black, matt, 0-3-0-8(-l) mm diam, sometimes forming irregular tuberculate clusters up to T2 mm diam. Hymenium 45-50 ^im tall; upper c. 10 ixm (epithecium) dark aeruginose or olivaceous, K— , HNO3-I- red; remaining (lower) part dilute greenish or hyahne. Asci clavate, 45-48x11-14 [xm. Spores ellipsoid, oblong-ellipsoid, oblong-ovoid or oblongfusiform, 0-l(-2)-septate, (10-)12-17x4-4-8 /xm. Paraphyses numerous, simple below, sometimes forked above, sometimes anastomosing, (l-)l-5-2 ixm wide, sometimes widening above to 3 jxm; apical walls hyaline although surrounded by dense pigment in the surrounding gel matrix. Hypothecium c. 150-400 /xm tall, sometimes 'rooting' to the base of the adjoining areolae, dark red-brown, without a purple tinge, K-, HNO3+ bright orange-brown; hyphae interwoven, or ± vertically arranged in upper part, c. T7-2-5(-3) ^tm wide, surrounded by densely pigmented matrix; ascogenous hyphae c. 2-5-5 /xm wide. Excipulum indistinct, sometimes evident as a reflexed, dull olivaceous or reddish brown zone; hyphae radiating, branched and anastomosing, c. 1-2 /xm wide. Pycnidia rare, immersed to sessile, black, 30-60 /am diam; walls dark green above, changing to reddish brown at base; conidia (? mwroconidia) cylindrical or cylindrical-fusiform, 6-9x1- T3/am. Chemistry: Thallus K-, C-, PD-; t.l.c: no substances. Observations: See M. assimilata. Habitat and distribution: M. incrassata occurs in much the same habitats as M. assimilata but appears to be more widely distributed. In Europe it has an arctic-alpine distribution ranging from Spitzbergen (c. 79°N) in the high arctic, southwards to the Kola peninsula, central Norway (Opland), and central Sweden (Harjedalen). Further south it occurs in the Scottish highlands (Clova in Angus, and near Loch Merkland in East Sutherland), Denmark, and the Alps (Upper Bavaria, Austrian Tirol, and Switzerland). I have not seen it from Alaska or Canada although it probably occurs in those regions. From further south in North America it has been collected at
138 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS altitudes of c. 3400-3900 m in the Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado by Anderson (1964). M. incrassata has been collected on Kerguelen Island in the southern Indian Ocean (48°30'S) and is so far the only arctic or arctic-alpine Micarea known to have a bipolar distribution. Exsiccata: Fellman Lich. Arct. 164 (BM ex K, H, H-NYL 16567), 166 (BM ex K, H). 17. Micarea intrusa (Th. Fr.) Coppins & Killias, comb. nov. (Figs 17, 55; Map 22) Lecidea intrusa Th. Fr. in Bot. Notiser 1867: 152 (1867). - Catillaria intrusa (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr., Lich. Scand. 2: 579 (1874). - Lecidiopsis intrusa (Th. Fr.) Zopf in Hedwigia 35: 338 (1896). - Conida intrusa (Th. Fr.) Sacc, Syll. Fung. 18: 187 (1906). Type: Finland, Tavastia australis, Mustiala, 1867, A. Kullhem (UPS- holotype!). Lecidea aphanoides Nyl. in Flora, Jena 51: 476 (1868). Type: Scotland, South Aberdeenshire, Braemar, 'Craig Guie', viii 1868, J. M. Crombie (H-NYL 20237 - holotype!); supposed isotype material in BM appears to be all Scoliciosporum umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold. Lecidea melaphana Nyl. in Flora, Jena 52: 83 (1869). Type: Scotland, South Aberdeenshire, Braemar, 'Craig Guie', viii 1868, J. M. Crombie (BM - isotype!). Lecidea contrusa Vainio in Medd. Soc. Fauna Fl. fenn. 10: 29 (1883); nom. illeg. (Art. 63). Thallus occasionally effuse but more often forming small patches (to c. 1 cm diam) amongst other lichens, irregularly granular-verrucose and often rimose, sometimes forming discrete areolae (c. 0- 1-0-3 mm diam) which may coalesce to form 'composite areolae' up to c. 1 mm diam and 0-5 mm tall. Thallus dark olive-grey or brownish grey; surface matt, and usually scurfy due to invasion of free-living algae. In section, sometimes with a hyaline amorphous covering layer up to 12 /xm thick but this is usually disrupted by invading algae ; walls of uppermost hyphae sometimes thickened with olive-green pigment, K-, HNO3-I- red; phycobiont layer c. 70^100 mm thick, above a ± distinct hyaline medulla. Phycobiont not micareoid; cells globose, large, 7-21 /xm diam, with thick hyaline walls 1-2 /xm thick, each cell deeply penetrated by a haustorium of the mycobiont (Fig. 55). Apothecia numerous, immarginate, convex, adnate, black, or slightly glossy when young, 0-14-0-4 mm diam. Hymenium 40-50 /xm tall; upper (c. 20 /x,m) part aeruginose-green, K-, HNOs-t- red; remaining (lower) part ± hyaline. Asci clavate, 35-45x14-15 /xm; cytoplasm of asci and spores sometimes with an orange, K+ purple-red pigment. Spores elhpsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, occasionally oblong-ellipsoid or oblong fusiform and then sometimes slightly curved, simple or 1-septate and septum often eccentric, rarely 3-septate (7-)9-14(-17)x (4-)4-5-5-5(-6) /am. Paraphyses numerous, branched and anastomosing, c. l-l-5(-l-7) /xm wide; apices not swollen or pigmented (green pigment confined to the surrounding gel-matrix). Hypothecium c. 110-200 /u,m tall, hyaline or with very faint olivaceous brown tinge in places. Fig. 55 Micarea intrusa: a phycobiont cell penetrated by a haustorium of an associated mycobiont hypha. Scale = 10 /u,m.
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conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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