Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 135 layer, outer hyphae sometimes olivaceous (or brownish) and K+ violet. Phycobiont micareo'id, cells 4-7 /Ltm diam. Apothecia numerous, immarginate, convex and adnate to subglobose, sometimes becoming tuberculate, greyish or brownish black, sometimes pale grey or pallid (shade forms), 0- 1-0-3 mm diam. Hymenium 35-40 /xm tall, dilute olivaceous or dilute olive-brown, K+ violet. Asci clavate, 30-35x9-12 jxm. Spores fusiform-acicular or ± rod-shaped, slightly curved or ± straight, 0-3(-6)-septate, 13-26 x(l'5-)2-2-5(-3) /xm. Paraphyses numerous, branched and sometimes anastomosing, c. 1 fxm wide, sometimes widening to 1-5 fxm towards their apices; apical walls hyaline. Hypothecium 50-70 /xm tall, hyaline. Excipulum indistinct, evident in some sections as a narrow, reflexed, lateral border to the hymenium, hyaline or dull olivaceous (then K-l- violet); hyphae radiating, branched and anastomosing, c. 1 jxm wide. Pycnidia frequent but inconspicuous, immersed or emergent, whitish to dark grey; walls olivaceous or dull brownish, K-l- violet (especially around the ostioles), sometimes ± hyaline. Pycnidia of two types: (a) immersed within large areolae, sometimes emergent, 60-100 />im diam; conidia (mesoconidia) ± cylindrical, 3-6-5-3X 1-1-4 /xm; (b) similar but smaller, c. 30-40 fxm diam; conidia (microconidia) narrowly cylindrical, 3-8-5x0-8-1 /am. Chemistry: Thallus C+ red, K— , PD— to oHvaceous pigment); t.l.c: gyrophoric acid. ; apothecia sections C— or C-l- red (also C-l- violet due Observations: M. globulosella is closely related to M. denigrata and M. nitschkeana but can be distinguished by its longer, almost acicular, or rod-shaped spores. My early suspicions that M. globulosella could be a long-spored variant of M. nitschkeana were removed by the examination of microconidia, those of M. nitschkeana being significantly longer (mostly 5-5-7 /am). Long, curved macroconidia, as found in M. denigrata and M. nitschkeana, have not yet been found in M. globulosella, but they should be sought for in additional material. See under M. synotheoides for differences from that species and Bacidia beckhausii. The name Micarea bacidiella (a synonym of B. beckhausii) was mistakenly applied to M. globulosella by Vezda & Wirth (1976) and Poeh&Vezda (1977). Habitat and distribution: M. globulosella is a rare but widespread species, so far known to me from Wales, Sweden, Finland, south-east France, Bavaria (Allgau), Czechoslovakia (High Tatra) , Canada (Quebec) , and Japan (Honshu) . It seems to prefer conifer bark , but at the Welsh locality it occurred on the top of an old gate in a wooded valley, and was accompanied by Lecanora piniperda, Lecidea aeruginosa, and L. icmalea. The specimen from Allgauer Alpen is associated with Graphis scripta, Menegazzia terebrata, Stenocybe major, and Frullania sp. on Abies; that from Sweden is on Picea with Cetraria pinastri and Ptilidium pulcherrimum; and those from Czechoslovakia are on Picea, with Cetraria chlorophylla, Hypogymnia physodes, and Ptilidium pulcherrimum. At the French locality it was growing on an old basidiome of the polypore Daedaleopsis confragosa on Pinus hapelensis. It seems to require humid conditions in old forest situations, but has a more widespread distribution than M. synotheoides which is strongly oceanic. M. globulosella may have a greater tolerance to cold winter temperatures, such as occur in the central European montane regions. Exsiccata: Rasanen Lichenoth. Fenn. 426 (hb Vezda). 15. Micarea hedlundii Coppins, sp. nov. (Figs 14C, 44A) Thallus effusus, olivaceo-viridis, subtiliter granulosus ad 0-4 mm crassus, constatus ex goniocystis; goniocystae c. 20-40 /u.m diam, omnes cum pigmento flavo-brunneolo, K+ purpureo-violaceo et oleoso. Algae cellulis 4-7 /u,m diam. Apothecia vulgo pauca vel etiam nulla, immarginata, convexo-hemisphaerica mox tuberculata, pallida vel griseo-fusca demum obscure fusca, 0-15-0-5 /xm diam. Hymenium c. 35 /xm altum, ± hyalinum vel p.p. dilute olivaceo-brunneolum, K-l- violaceum. Ascosporae ellipsoideae, ovoideae vel oblongae, simplices interdum 1- septatae, 6-5-10(-12)x 2-3-4 /xm. Paraphyses aliquantum paucae, ramosae, c. 0-7-l(-l-5) /xm latae, apicibus vix incrassatis, incoloratis, Hypothecium pallidum.
136 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Excipulum paulum evolutum. Pycnidia numerosa, conspicua, stipitata, 0- 1-1-0 mm alta, 0-07-0-14 mm diam, cum stipibus simplicibus vel ramosis, toto griseo-brunneo vel roseo-brunneo cum tomento exili albido. Conidia oblongo-ellipsoidea vel oblongo-ovoidea, (4-)4-5-5-5(-6)xl-3-l-7 ^tm. Typus: Norvegia, Opplandia, par. Ringebu, ad oriento-boreo-orientum ex Ringebu, ad S0raa, inter Nyhamnsbekken et Ulveslabekken, alt. 400 m, ad truncum decorticatum, 25 viii 1979, leg. L. Tibell 8657 (UPS-holotypus). Thallus epixylic or over bryophytes on lignum, effuse, dull olive-green, consisting of fine granules (goniocysts) forming a loose crust to c. 0-4 mm thick. Goniocysts c. 20-40 /xm diam, the centre of each with a yellow-brown or dull orange pigment which in K appears as purple-violet oily droplets. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-7 /um diam. Apothecia few or sometimes absent, immarginate, convex and soon becoming tuberculate, pallid to grey-brown or dark brown, 0-15-0-5 mm diam. Hymenium c. 35 /xm tall, ± hyaline with vertical streaks of straw-brown or pale olive-brown, K+ violet, C+ violet, HNO3-I- reddish; lower hymenium sometimes with dull orange, K+ purple-violet (oily droplets) pigment. Asci clavate, c. 30x12 ixm. Spores ellipsoid, ovoid or oblong, simple, a few sometimes 1-septate, 6-5-10(-12)x2-3-4 /am. Paraphyses rather scanty, branched and sometimes anastomosing, 0-7-l(-l -5) /Ltm wide, apices not swollen or pigmented. Hypothecium c. 70-100 /xm tall, hyaline, or with dull orange, K-f- purple-violet (oily droplets) pigment in upper part; hyphae interwoven, becoming vertically orientated towards the hymenium, c. 1-1-7 (xm wide, intermixed with swollen short-celled ascogenous hyphae. Excipulum indistinct and soon reflexed, sometimes discernible in young apothecia as a narrow, hyaline, non-amyloid zone; hyphae radiating, branched and anastomosing, c. 0-8-1 /zm wide. Pycnidia numerous and conspicuous, stalked with one or to about five borne terminally on simple or branched pycnidiophores. Pycnidiophores (including pycnidia) grey-brown or pinkish brown, covered with a thin whitish tomentum, c. 01-1 mm tall and 0-07-0-14 mm diam; lower parts of pycnidophores often covered in goniocysts. Pycnidiophore and pycnidial wall tissues composed of hyaline hyphae bound by a dilute reddish brown matrix reacting K+ violet or violet-brown and HNO3-I- reddish; surface of pycnidiophores and pycnidia with protruding, slender, flexuose, hyaline tomental hyphae c. 0-7-1 /xm wide. Conidiogenous cells ampuUiform to ± cylindrical, 5-lOxc. 1-5 /am, often swollen at base to 2-5 /am wide. Conidia (mesoconidia) oblong-ellipsoid or oblong-ovoid, (4-)4-5-5-5(-6)xl-3-l-7 /am. Chemistry: Thallus C— , PD— ; apothecia sections C— (but with C+ violet pigment); no substances or traces of 'prasina-unknown B' (? contaminant) detected by t.l.c. Observations: Micarea hedlundii is readily identified by its finely granular, darkish green thallus with distinctly stalked, pinkish brown, tomentose pycnidia. Several other Micarea species have stalked pycnidia but in none of them are they tomentose. Another unique feature oiM. hedlundii is the dull orange pigment, present in the goniocysts and sometimes in the lower hymenium and upper hypothecium, which appears as purple-violet oily droplets in K. Unlike the olivaceous K-f violet pigment found in this species and others (e.g. M. denigrata, M. nitschkeana, and M. prasina), it remains unchanged in C and 50% HNO3. M. hedlundii is unlikely to be confused with any other Micarea, but is probably closely related to M. prasina. M. anterior has reddish brown, stalked pycnidia but they are glabrous and produce shorter conidia; in addition its apothecia and pycnidia are completely devoid of K+ violet pigments. The chemistry of M. hedlundii is problematical. Of the three specimens tested by t.l.c, the type from Norway contains no detectable substances, but the two specimens from Austria (GZU) and Germany (hb Poelt) appear to contain small amounts of 'prasina-unknown B'. This substance is known elsewhere only in the type race of M. prasina and it is possible that its detection in the aforesaid samples is due to contamination by that species. However, the production of 'prasina-unknown B' by M. hedlundii is a possibility meriting further study, especially as M. hedlundii and M. prasina appear to be closely related to one another. New and carefully collected specimens ofM hedlundii are required to resolve this problem. Habitat and distribution: M. hedlundii occurs on old stumps (? mainly of conifers) in woodlands. Few associated lichens are present on the specimens examined, mostly just a few
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
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26 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS A B Fig. 2 'M
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30 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 5 Sketch
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32 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 6 Ascus
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34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
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36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
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38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
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40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
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42 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 16 M. in
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44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
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46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
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48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
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52 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 26 M. pr
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54 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS VJ Fig. 28 A,
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56 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 30 M. su
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58 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 31 - con
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60 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 33 M. tu
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64 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 1 Conid
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66 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 36 Sugge
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68 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 37 M. ad
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70 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS s o o c o c o
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72 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS n 1/ [\ f] n
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78 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS B OOQog Fig.
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conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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