Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

More documents

Recommendations

Info

LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 131 dispersa agg., L. piniperda, L. pulicaris, L. saligna, L. symmicta agg., L. varia, Lecidea aeruginosa, L. icmalea, Mycoblastus sterilis, Parmelia sulcata, Scoliciosporum chlorococcum, S. umbrinum, Strangospora moriformis, and Thelocarpon laureri. Further evidence of the pioneering abilities of M. denigrata comes from the find (Coppins 1888) of it on hardboard lying in a dune-slack, and the observations by Poelt (1977; as M. hemipoliella) on its colonisation of dead leaves of Cladium mariscus in a fen in Bavaria. Other reports on soft vegetable matter are wanting, although I have found it on decaying mosses (with Cladonia chlorophaea agg.) on the slope of a stable sand dune on Holy Island in Northumberland {Coppins 4456). M. denigrata is occasionally found on the rather dry and loose bark of old trees (e.g. Acer pseudoplatanus, Alnus, Betula, Castanea, Sambucus, tjlmus, and PmM-s), usually towards their bases; however occurrences on ± smooth bark are very rare (e.g. type material of Lecidea hemipoliella, on Alnus in southern Finland). To my knowledge M. denigrata never occurs on the healthy, living twigs of trees, or shrubs (see 'observations' above). There are two British collections on shaded sandstone, one from Fife in a conifer plantation, the other from Yorkshire in a ditch embankment; associated species included Lecidea granulosa agg. , L. icmalea, Micarea peliocarpa, and Parmeliopsis ambigua. In addition, it has been found growing with Psilolechia lucida on the east-facing vertical side of a tomb in a Suffolk churchyard. M. denigrata is widely distributed in mainland Britain, but has not yet been reported from Ireland. In mainland Europe it is again widespread although I have not seen material from north of about 67°N; its range extends into eastern Europe and the Balkans and continues to the Caucasus. I have examined North American material from Newfoundland, Washington (state), and Colorado, thus suggesting a widespread distribution in that subcontinent. Exsiccata: Anzi Lich. Ital. 256 (BM). Arnold Lich. Mon. 46 (BM ex K). Britz. Lich. Exs. : 464 p.p. (H). Fries Lich. Suec. 98 (E, UPS). Harm. Lich. Loth. 838 (ANGUC, DUKE). Hepp Flecht. Eur. 14 (E). Johnson Lich. Herb. 373 (BM). Krypt. Exs. Vindob. 3153 (BM, BM ex K), 3651 (BM, BM ex K, M), 4858 (GZU). Kutak Lich. Bohem. 205 (O), 516 (O), 517 (O). Malbr. Lich. Norm. 387 (M). Malme Lich. Suec. 145 (M, S). Migula Crypt. Germ. 132 (BM, E, MANCH). Mougeot & "HcsiXcx Stirpes Crypt. 1329p. min. p. (BM). Norrlin &. Nyl. Herb. Lich. Fenn. Ill (BM, H), 745 (BM, H). Poelt Lich. Alp. 22 (BM, M, WIS). Rabenh. Lich. Eur. 626 (BM, BM ex K, E). Samp. Lich. Port. 132 (LD). Vezda Lich. Sel. 1430 (BM). Weber Lich. Exs. 73 (E, DUKE, M, NMW, WIS). Zwackh Lich. Exs. 394 (BM ex K, H). 12. Micarea elachista (Korber) Coppins & R. Sant. , comb. nov. (Figs IC, 14A) Biatora elachista Korber, Parerga lich.: 159 (1860). - Catillaria elachista (Korber) Vainio in Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. fenn. 57 (2): 455 (1934). Type: Germany, Baden-Wiirttemberg, Heidelberg, on old trunk of Castanea sativa, W. E. von Ahles (L 910, 138-100-lectotype!; L 910, 138-32-isolectotype!) See note below. Lecidea anomala *L. glomerella Nyl., Lich. Scand.: 203 (1861). - Biatorina glomerella (Nyl.) Arnold in Flora, Jena 53: 474 (1870). - Catillaria glomerella (Nyl.) Th. Fr., Lich. Scand. 2: 578 (1874). - Micarea glomerella (Nyl.) Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 75, 85 (1892). Type: Finland, Ostrobottnia australis, Botom, 1859, A. J. Malmgren (H-NYL 19123 - lectotype!). Lecidea poliococca Nyl., Lich. Scand. : 203 (1861). - Catillaria denigrata f. poliococca Vainio in Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. fenn. 57 (2): 460 (1934). - Catillaria synothea var. poliococca (Nyl.) Erichsen in Annls mycol. 41: 205 (1943). Type: Sweden, Uppland, 'Upsalia', in silva 'Parken', ad pinos decorticatos' , 1852, W. Nylander (H-NYL 19144- holotype!). Lecidea sororians Nyl. in Flora, Jena 58: 445 (1875). - Bacidia sororians (Nyl.) H. Olivier in Bull. Geogr. hot. 21: 168 (1911). Type: Finland, Tavastia australis, Korpilahti, near Raianlahti, on rock with Stigonema sp., 1873, E. A. Lang [Vainio] (H-NYL 17234 -holotype!). Lecidea glomerella f. simplicata Nyl. in Vainio in Medd. Soc. Fauna Fl. fenn. 10: 28 (1883). Type: Finland, Tavastia australis, Evo, 'supra truncum pineum', 1874, J. P. Norrlin, Norrlin & Nyl. Herb. Lich. Fenn. 314 (H- lectotype!; isolectotypes: BM!,H!M!). Lecidea glomerella var. poliococcoides Vainio in Medd. Soc. Fauna Fl. fenn. 10: 29 (1883). Type: Finland, Karelia borealis, Lieksa, Vieki, on burnt lignum, 1875, E. A. Vainio (TUR-VAINIO 22326 - holov type!).
132 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Catillaria elachista var. carbonicola Vainio in Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. fenn. 57 (2): 458 (1934). Type: Finland, Tavastia australis, Korpilahti, 'hiiltyneella kannolla', 1873, E. A. Lang [Vainio] (H-NYL 19143 - isotype!). Notes on the typification o/Biatora elachista Korber. In the protologue to B. elachista, Korber (loc. cit.) gives the following habitat and locality information: 'On alten Striinken der Castanea vesca bei Heidelberg von Hrn. v. Zwackh und Ahles aufgefunden.' Material borrowed from the Korber Herbarium (L) consisted of four specimens: i. bei Heidelberg, Zwackh, annotated: 'Biatora elachista Kbr. nov. sp.' (L 910, 138-101). ii. Heidelberg, Ahles (L 910, 138-100). iii. identical label as ii. (L 910, 138-32). iv. Forstrevier Goleow bei Rybnik, iii 1872, B. Stein (L 910, 138-298). (i-iii) are on Castanea lignum and (iv) is on conifer lignum. The most obvious choice for lectotype is (i) but it is not a Micarea and does not conform to the usual interpretation of the name (e.g. Vainio, 1934: 45; Ozenda & Clauzade, 1970: 401). I do not know the identity of this species, but it may be close to Lecidea hypopta Ach. ; a brief description follows: Thallus probably mostly endoxylic but obscured by a pale farinose crust of a non-lichenised alga. Apothecia numerous, reddish brown to brown-black, epruinose 0- 15-0-3 mm diam. Young apothecia with a pale margin which is soon excluded as the disc expands and becomes convex. Epithecium reddish brown, turning olivaceous brown in K. Hymenium 30-35 /u,m tall. Paraphyses simple or forked in their upper part, c. 1-1-5 ^tm wide; upper 5-15 ^tm often with pigmented walls and up to 2-5 /x,m wide. Asci clavate 28-35x10-11 /xm, 8-spored. Spores simple or l-(rarely 2-) septate oblong-ellipsoid, straight or slightly curved, contents often becoming brown, 8-13x3-4 /u,m. Excipulum hyaline within, reddish brown at edge, often with a penetrating algal layer c. 25 )u,m wide. Algal cells c. 7-13 ^tm diam. Pycnidia not found. Specimens (ii) and (iii) are presumably those that Korber attributed to Ahles in the protologue and are therefore syntypes. Both belong to the species generally known as Catillaria elachista (Korber) Vainio, and it is with these that the name is lectotypified here. Specimen (iv) is not a syntype and does not belong to either of the above taxa. It has small, brown thinly white-pruinose apothecia, a dark reddish brown hypothecium and small, ellipsoid spores, 7-8x2-5-3 /am, and is referable to Lecidea apochroeella Nyl. Thallus effuse, superficial, consisting of dispersed to continuous, convex to subglobose areolae; areolae greenish white or whitish grey, sometimes tinged grey-brown or olivaceous, occasionally dark brown (when on burnt lignum), matt, sometimes ± white-pruinose, c. 0-08-0-16(-0-25) mm diam. Areole in section (Fig. IC) with a c. 10-12 /u,m tall, hyaline or greyish (pigment in gel-matrix, K+ violet), algal-free 'cortex', composed of interwoven, hyaline hyphae (c. 1-5 ^tm wide) that separate in K; outer surface of cortex sometimes bound by a hyaline, amorphous, densely gelatinised layer ('epicortex'), c. 3-5 /xm tall. This organised structure with a 'cortex' and 'epicortex' is often disrupted by the invading torulose hyphae of a dematiaceous hyphomycete. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-7 jxm diam. Apothecia usually numerous, immarginate, convex to ± globose, often becoming tuberculate, dark brown to brown-black, matt, (0-08-)0- 12-0-3 mm diam, or to 0-8 mm diam when tuberculate. Hymenium 30-40 />tm tall. Upper part (epithecium) usually well defined, up to 12 jxm tall, dark fuscous-brown; pigment concentrated into dense amorphous clumps, but dissolving and fading into solution (without changing colour) in K, HNO3— and not dissolving; epithecium of young apothecia sometimes Kf+ violet due to the additional presence of the dull olivaceous, K-l- violet pigment which occurs in greater concentrations in the pycnidia. Remain- ing (lower) part of hymenium, hyaline with dilute yellowish brown vertical streaks. Asci clavate, 23-35x10-12 jxm. Spores fusiform, oblong-fusiform or ovoid-oblong, often slightly curved, mostly 0-1-septate and slightly constricted at the septum, (9-)ll-15(-19)x2-3'5 jxm; occasionally becoming 2- or 3-septate and up to 20-24 /xm long; old spores sometimes with brownish contents. Paraphyses numerous, hyaline throughout, 0-8-1 /u,m wide in mid-hymenium but gradually widening above to l-7(-2) /xm; sparingly branched and sometimes anastomosing, but becoming richly branched above where their entangled apices, together with the brown pigment, form a ± well delimited epithecium. Hypothecium 60-150 /xm tall, pale, tinged dilute yellowish brown, K— , HNO3-; hyphae hyaline, 1-1-5 /xm wide, interwoven, becoming ± vertically orientated towards the hymenium; ascogenous hyphae with swollen cells, mostly 2-
Page 1 and 2:
O' M' Bulletin of the British Museu
Page 3 and 4:
. 18 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 11. M.denig
Page 5 and 6:
20 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Micarea The g
Page 7 and 8:
22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
Page 9 and 10:
24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
Page 11 and 12:
26 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS A B Fig. 2 'M
Page 13 and 14:
28 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 3 00
Page 15 and 16:
30 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 5 Sketch
Page 17 and 18:
32 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 6 Ascus
Page 19 and 20:
34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
Page 21 and 22:
36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
Page 23 and 24:
38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
Page 25 and 26:
40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
Page 27 and 28:
42 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 16 M. in
Page 29 and 30:
44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
Page 31 and 32:
46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
Page 33 and 34:
48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
Page 35 and 36:
50 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 24 A, M.
Page 37 and 38:
52 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 26 M. pr
Page 39 and 40:
54 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS VJ Fig. 28 A,
Page 41 and 42:
56 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 30 M. su
Page 43 and 44:
58 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 31 - con
Page 45 and 46:
60 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 33 M. tu
Page 47 and 48:
62 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 34 Two t
Page 49 and 50:
64 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 1 Conid
Page 51 and 52:
66 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 36 Sugge
Page 53 and 54:
68 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 37 M. ad
Page 55 and 56:
70 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS s o o c o c o
Page 57 and 58:
72 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS n 1/ [\ f] n
Page 59 and 60:
74 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 43 A-B,
Page 61 and 62:
76 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 45 M. li
Page 63 and 64:
78 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS B OOQog Fig.
Page 65 and 66: 80 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 49 A-B,
Page 67 and 68: 82 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 51 A, M.
Page 69 and 70: 84 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS In the case o
Page 71 and 72: 86 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 6 - 5h 4 3 2
Page 73 and 74: . 88 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS the epithec
Page 75 and 76: 90 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS fM. elachista
Page 77 and 78: 92 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Saxicolous ha
Page 80 and 81: LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 95 T
Page 82 and 83: LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 97 a
Page 84 and 85: Infrageneric considerations LICHEN
Page 86 and 87: LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 101
Page 102 and 103: 5. Micarea bauschiana (Korber) V. W
Page 144 and 145: LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE Tabl
Page 154 and 155: 32. Micarea osloensis (Th. Fr.) Hed
Page 158 and 159: 34. Micarea prasina Fr. LICHEN GENU
Page 166 and 167:
LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 181
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
Page 198 and 199:
populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
show all

Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?