Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 127 Paraphyses branched and anastomosing c. 0-8-1 /xm wide, not swollen or pigmented at apices. Hypothecium pale, tinged dilute straw-brown. Excipulum soon reflexed, internally pale with straw-brown tinge, becoming slightly darker (pale fuscous) towards the outer edge; hyphae radiating, branched and anastomosing, c. 0-8-1 /xm wide. Pycnidia not found. Chemistry: Sections of thallus C-l- red, PD-; sections of apothecia C-l- red; probably containing gyrophoric acid but material insufficient for analysis by t.l.c. Observations: M. curvata is characterised by its distinctly curved, 1-septate spores, fuscous brown pigment in the apothecia which is unchanged by K or HNO3, and C+ red reactions (? gyrophoric acid) of apothecia and thallus in sections. It is reminiscent of M. subnigrata but that species has uncurved, ellipsoid spores and all parts C-. In outward appearance M. curvata is similar to some forms of the almost ubiquitous Scoliciosporum umbrinum, with which it could be mistaken in the field. Habitat and distribution: M. curvata is known only from a single collection on sandstone in the Wroclaw Herbarium, which is labelled '?Biatora nov. sp. Auf einer Steinmauer bei Gravenhorst/Westfalen leg. Nitschke' (label kindly transliterated by Prof. Hertel). No recognisable associate species are present on the small specimen although there are a few, rounded, white areolae (C+ red) probably belonging to Trapelia coarctatas. ampl. From the appearance of the specimen it occurred in a humid, sheltered, possibly shaded or north-facing situation. 11. Micarea denigrata (Fr.) Hedl. (Figs IB, 13, 42; Map 7) in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 78, 89 (1892). - Biatora denigrata Fr. in K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 1822: 265 (1822). - Catillaria denigrata (Fr.) Boistel, Nouv. Fl. Lich. 2: 199 (1903). Type: Sweden, Smaland, 'Femsjo in parietibus vetustus', E. M. Fries (UPS - lectotype! [t.l.c: gyrophoric acid]). Lecidea anomala f. pyrenothizans Nyl., Lich. Scand.: 203 (1861). - Micarea denigrata f. pyrenothizans (Nyl.) Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 78, 89 (1892). Type: Finland, Nylandia, Helsingfors [Helsinki], on lignum, 1860, W. A^>'/flnrfer(H-NYL 21665 -lectotype!). Lecidea parissima Nyl. in Crombie mJ. Bot. , Lond. 9: 178 (1871), and in/. Linn. Soc. Bot. 11: 484 (1871). Type: England, Middlesex, Hendon, on old pales, 1870, J. M. Crombie (H-NYL 21659 - holotype!; isotypes: BM!, BM ex K!). Lecidea spodiza Nyl. in Flora, Jena SI: 9 (1874). Type: Scotland, Perthshire, near Killin, on old worked conifer lignum, 1873,7. M. Crom6/e (H-NYL 21734- lectotype!; BM-isolectotypes!). Lecidea hemipoliella Nyl. in Flora, Jena 58: 11 (1875). - Micarea hemipoliella (Nyl.) Vezda in Vezda & V. Wirth in Folia geobot. phytotax., Praha 11: 100 (1976). - Micarea denigrata f. hemipoliella (Nyl.) Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3) 78, 89 (1892). Type: Finland, Tavastia australis, Evo, ± smooth bark oiAlnus, 1873, /. P. Norrlin (H - lectotype!, isolectotypes: H(x3)!, H-NYL 21691!). Lecidea discretula Nyl. in Flora, Jena 58: 444 (1875). Type: Romania, 'Circa Thermas Herculis in Banatu (Hung.), supra Daedaleam in trunco quercino', 1874, H. Lojka (H-NYL 21693 - holotype!). Lecidea aniptiza Stirton in Rep. Trans. Glasgow Fid Nat. 4: 85 (1876). Type: Scotland, Perthshire, Killiecrankie, on lignum, 1875, /. Stirton (GLAM - lectotype!; BM - isolectotype!). Lecidea denigrata var. submisella Nyl. in Vainio in Medd. Soc. Fauna Fl. fenn. 3: 112 (1878). - Catillaria synothea f. submisella (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss., Enum. PI. Scand.: 92 (1880). Type: Finland, Tavastia australis, Korpilahti, on lignum, 1874, E. A. Lang [Vainio] (H-NYL 21661 - lectotype!). Lecidea spodiza f. ecrustacea Lamy in Bull. Soc. bot. Fr. 25: 440 (1878). Type: France, Puy-de-D6me, Monte Dore, near Cascade du Queureilh, on lignum of conifer trunk, 31 vii 1878, Lamy (H-NYL 21731 - lectotype!). Lecidea praeviridans Nyl. , Suppl. Lich. env. Paris: 5 (1879). - Biatorina praeviridans (Nyl.) Boistel, Nouv. Fl. Lich. 2: 194 (1903). - Catillaria praeviridans (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Cat. Lich. univ. 4: 64 (1926). Type: France, Haute Loire, Saugues, on Pinus bark, 18 -, A. Boistel (H-NYL 19221 - lectotype! [t.l.c: gyrophoric acid]; BM - isolectotype!). Lecidea denigrata f. sublivescens Nyl. in Flora, Jena 64: 539 (1881). Type: Romania, Maramures, 'prope
128 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS balneum kabola Pojana, com. Marmaros in Hung.', on bark of Pinus sytvestris, H. Lojka 4455, 'Lich. Hung. exs. (ined.) n. 305. ad int.' (H-NYL 11663 -holotype!). Lecidea denigrata f. pseudoglomerella Harm, in Bull. Seanc. Soc. Sci. Nancy. II, 33: 58 (1899 ['1898']). - Catillaria denigrata var. pseudoglomerella (Harm.) Boistel, Nouv. Fl. Lich. 2: 199 (1903). Type: France, Meurthe-et-Moselle, La Malgrange, on oak posts [lignum], 8 v 1894, /. Harmand, Lich, Loth. 838p.p. (ANGUC-lectotype! [t.l.c: gyrophoricacid]; DUKE-isolectotype!). Catillaria prasina f. /o«g/or Erichsen in Schr. naturw. Ver. Schleswig-Holst. 11: 101 (1937). Type: West Germany, Schleswig-Holstein, Lauenberg, Sachsenwald, Rev. Kl. Viert, on roots of old Fagus, 2 xii 1934, C. F. E. Erichsen (HBO -holotype!). Micarea denigrata var. friesiana Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 78, 89 (1892); nam. inval. (Art. 26). Micarea denigrata war . friesiana f. vulgaris Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 79, 90 (1892); nom. inval. (Art. 26). Micarea andesitica Vezda in Poelt & Vezda, Bestimmungsschl. europ. Flechten. Erganzungsheft I: 160 (1977); nom. nudum (Art. 32). Spec, orig.: Hungary, Matra, Matrafiired, Pipis-Legy, 380 m, on andesitic rock, 17 xi 1976, A. Kiszely & A. Vezda (hb Vezda!). ? Lecidea hemipoliella* semialbula Stirton in Rep. Trans. Glasgow Fid Nats. 4: 89 (1876). - Biatorina synothea var. semialbula (Stirton) A. L. Sm., Monogr. Br. Lich. 2: 122 (1911). Type: Scotland, Sutherland, Altnaharra, on hgnum, Stirton (not seen; not traced in BM or GLAM). ?Catillaria synothea f. major B. de Lesd., Rech. Lich. Dunkerque, Suppl. 1: 118 (1914). Type: France, Nord, Dunkerque, Ghyvelde, on piece of wood (Pinus) on the sand in a dune, B. de Lesdain (not seen). ?Catillaria synothea f. fusca B. de Lesd., Rech. Lich. Dunkerque, Suppl. 1: 118 (1914). Type: France, Nord, Dunkerque, St-Pol, on a stake, B. de Lesdain (not seen). Lecidea synothea auct., non Ach. (1808). See note below. Note: Lecidea synothea Ach. in K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 1808: 236 (1808). From the comments on Acharian specimens by Hedlund (1892: 91) and my examination of Acharian material in BM, it is clear that this name was based on material of the common and widely distributed species generally known as Bacidia umbrina (Ach.) Bausch or Scoliciosporum umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold (basionym: Lecidea umbrina Ach, Lich. Univ. : 183 (1819)). In the 19th century 'synothea' was commonly applied to Micarea denigrata. Despite Hedlund's comments, this misapplication has been continued by some authors, even in recent years (e.g. Ozenda & Clauzade, 1970: 402). To avoid the confusion that would arise if 'umbrina" were replaced by 'synothea' , a formal proposal to reject the name Lecidea synothea Ach. (and combinations from that name), under the provision of Art. 69.1, will be presented elsewhere. Thallus effuse and often widespreading, sometimes endoxylic but usually developing on the surface of the substratum (especially in the vicinity of apothecia) as convex to irregularly subglobose areolae. Areolae 60-200 ixm diam, greenish white to greenish grey, matt; in section without an amorphous covering layer, external hyphae hyaline but surrounding gel matrix often with dilute olivaceous, K-l- violet pigment. Thallus sometimes scurfy and dark grey-brown to blackish, owing to invasion by dematiaceous fungi and non-lichenized algae. Phycobiont micareoid, cells c. 4—7 /u,m diam. Apothecia usually present and numerous (see 'observations' below), scattered to confluent, broadly convex to subglobose, sometimes tuberculate, 0- 15-0-5 mm diam, or to 0-6 mm when tuberculate; immarginate, or sometimes young apothecia with an indistinct, shallow marginal rim, paler than the disc; disc pallid to brown or piebald (shade forms), more usually dark grey or black, matt. Hymenium (25-)30-40 /o-m tall, dilute olivaceous or dull brownish, K-l- violet; pigment often concentrated in upper part (with lower part ± hyaline), and confined to the gel-matrix. Asci clavate, 28-36x9-12 jxm. Spores oblong-ellisoid, oblong-ovoid, fusiform or bacilliform, often slightly curved, (0-)l -septate, upper cell usually slightly shorter and broader than the lower, (7-)9-16(-18)x2-3-3(-3-5) /u,m. Paraphyses numerous, branched and sometimes anastomosing, l-l-5(-l-7) /i,m wide; apices scarcely wider, and never with closely adhering pigment. Hypothecium 60-110 /xm tall, hyaline or very dilute yellowish straw; hyphae c. 1-1-5 /am wide, interwoven or some vertically orientated in upper part, intermixed with short-celled, ascogenous hyphae hyphae c. 2-4 /xm wide. Excipulum indistinct, but usually evident in sections of young, shallow-convex apothecia, hyaline; hyphae radiating, branched and anastomosing, hyaline, c. 1-1-5 /xm wide. Pycnidia usually present and numerous, immersed in the thallus or substratum (endoxylic
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. 18 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 11. M.denig
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20 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Micarea The g
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
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26 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS A B Fig. 2 'M
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30 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 5 Sketch
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34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
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36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
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38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
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40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
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42 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 16 M. in
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44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
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46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
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48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
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50 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 24 A, M.
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52 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 26 M. pr
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54 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS VJ Fig. 28 A,
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56 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 30 M. su
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60 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 33 M. tu
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64 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 1 Conid
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68 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 37 M. ad
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conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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