Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 121 Map 5 Micarea botryoides # 1950 onwards O Before 1950 crumbling lignum of old stumps, but I have not seen it on the firmer, ± smooth lignum favoured by M. melaeniza and M. misella. In the environs of some industrial regions (e.g. the West Yorkshire conurbation) it has been found on bark at the bases of trunks oi Acer and Betula in sheltered woodlands. M. botryoides is a widespread species, especially in western and upland regions of Britain, and is certainly much more common than current records would suggest. Several of these records result from accidental gatherings, being subsequently identified on samples of other members of the Micareetum sylvicolae. This gives an indication as to how often this species must have been overlooked. It is little recorded outside Britain, and to date I know it only from Norway (Sor-Trondelag and Hordaland), Finland (Tavastia australis), and north-west France. Exsiccata: Leighton Lich. Brit. 388 (BM, BON, DBN, E, M). 7. Micarea cinerea (Schaerer) Hedl. (Figs 11, 39; Map 6) in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 81, 93 (1892). - Lecidea cinerea Schaerer, Lich. Heiv. spic, sect. 3: 156 (1826). - Bacidia cinerea (Schaerer) Trevisan in Linnaea 28: 293 (1856). - Bilimbia cinerea (Schaerer) Korber, Parerga Lich. : 164 (1860). Type: Switzerland, 'ad infimos Abietum truncos, insylvaKonitz', L. E. Sc/zaerer (G-holotype!; M-? isotype!). Lecidea sphaeroides var. albella Schaerer, Lich. Helv. spic, sect. 4^5: 165 (1833). Type: Switzerland: 'Schweiz' [on conifer bark], L. E. Schaerer (M - neotype!). See note (i). Biatora delicatula Korber, Denkschr. Feier ihres funfzigjah. Best, herausg. Schles. Gesellsch. voter. Kult.,
122 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Breslau: 233 (1853). - Bilimbia delicatula (Korber) Korber, Syst. lich. Germ: 212 (1855). Type: lectotype as for Lecidea sphaeroides var. albella Schaerer. See note (ii) below. Bilimbia cinerea f. hypoleuca Stizenb. ex Arnold in Flora, Jena 58: 598 (1864). - Micarea cinerea f. hypoleuca (Stizenb. ex Arnold) Hedl. in Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. Ill, 18 (3): 82, 93 (1892). Type: Germany, Bayern, near Eichstatt, Affenthale, on young Picea abies in a wood, viii 1864, F. C. G. Arnold (M - lectotype!). Notes, (i) No material labelled Lecidea sphaeroides var. albella could be traced in G (Geissler, in litt.) and an undated specimen in M is selected as neotype. If it can be proven that this specimen was collected before 1833, it should be regarded as a lectotype. (ii) No material referred to in the protologue of B. delicatula has been traced in L, WRSL or elsewhere. However, Korber gives 'Lecidea sphaeroides a albella Schaer. Enum. 193.' as a synonym. This citation refers to Schaerer (1850) and is an indirect reference to Lecidea sphaeroides var. albella Schaerer (1833). Consequently I have typified both names with the same specimen in M. Thallus effuse, sometimes partly immersed in the substratum (especially when on lignum), more usually developed on the surface of the substratum as rounded, shallow-convex, hemispherical or ± globose areolae. Areolae scattered to ± contiguous, smooth, greenish white to blue-grey, or more rarely becoming dark grey, often dark coloured on upper surface but greenish white below, c. 40-160 fxva diam or up to 300 jxm diam if containing a pycnidium of the macroconidial anamorph. Areolae in section, ecorticate but with a hyaline amorphous covering layer c. 2-5 /xm thick; outermost hyphae often with grey-green to aeruginose walls, K-, HNO3-I- red. Phycobiont micareoid, cells 4-7 /xm diam. Apothecia usually numerous (see 'observations'), adnate, plane to convex, sometimes becoming tuberculate, sometimes with an indistinct margin that is ± flush with the level of the disc, pale leaden-grey to grey-black (margin often paler), or ivory-white or pallid in shade forms, (0-2)0-3-0-7 mm diam or up to 1-3 mm when tuberculate. Disc matt and finely roughened, but margin smooth and often ± glossy. Hymenium 55-70 /xm tall, hyaline, but usually olivaceous or aeruginose (K— , HNO3+ red) in upper part (epithecium). Asci clavate 50-65x15-20 /am. Spores fusiform, often slightly curved, (3-)5-7-septate, (19-)23-34(-38)x 4-5-6 ixm. Paraphyses numerous, branched and often anastomosing, 1-1-4 /xm wide; apices often more richly branched and entangled, often slightly incrassate to c. 1-8 ^im, or 2-5 /xm due to thickening by greenish pigment. Hypothecium c. 40-70 /xm tall, hyaline; hyphae interwoven, c. 2-4 /xm wide. Excipulum well developed, hyaline or pale straw, or richly branched and anastomosing hyphae, c. 1-1-5 /xm. Pycnidia frequently present, of two types: (a) immersed in areolae, white or faintly greenish around the ostiole, 160-300 /xm diam, ostiole often widely gaping; conidia (macroconidia) ± straight or flexuose, filiform, 9-17-septate, 50-1 10 xc. 1 /xm; (b) ± sessile, white, c. 40-70 /xm diam, ostioles not, or only slightly, gaping; conidia (microconidia) narrowly fusiform-cylindrical (3-8-)^5xO-5-0-7/xm. Chemistry: Thallus and whitish apothecia K-, C-l- red, PD-; apothecia in section C-l- red; t.l.c: gyrophoric acid. Observations: M. cinerea is very variable with regard to the colour of its apothecia and thallus; as with M. peliocarpa this variation is due to the amount of green pigment produced in response to environmental factors, especially light. Morphologically and chemically M. cinerea is closely allied to M. alabastrites and M. peliocarpa; the diagnostic features of each of these three species are compared in Table 4. Forms of M. cinerea with blackish apothecia can be confused with M. lignaria (including var. endoleuca) but on close inspection the latter will be seen to differ in its ± globose apothecium with a poorly differentiated excipulum (in vertical section), usually brownish or greenish upper hypothecium, less strongly branched paraphyses and chemistry. M. cinerea is usually well fertile with numerous apothecia, but sterile forms with numerous macroconidia-containing pycnidia have been encountered; the macroconidia are about twice as long as those found in M. peliocarpa and M. alabastrites and so are readily identifiable (see 'Key to species without apothecia, pp. 107-108).
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. 18 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS 11. M.denig
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20 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Micarea The g
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22 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Morphology Th
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24 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS (ii) Goniocys
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34 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 8 M. ala
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36 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 10 A, M.
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38 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 12 A,M.
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40 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS r\ U Fig. 14
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42 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 16 M. in
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44 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 18 M. le
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46 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 20 A-B,
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48 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 22 M. me
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50 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 24 A, M.
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52 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 26 M. pr
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54 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS VJ Fig. 28 A,
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56 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 30 M. su
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58 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 31 - con
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60 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 33 M. tu
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62 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 34 Two t
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64 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Table 1 Conid
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68 BRIAN JOHN COPPINS Fig. 37 M. ad
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LICHEN GENUS MICAREA IN EUROPE 171
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34. Micarea prasina Fr. LICHEN GENU
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conferanda (Lecidea) 205 confusula
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populina (Lecidea, Micarea) 31,32 p
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