il tumore della prostata. ii. stadiazione - Università degli studi di Pavia

PROSTATIC CANCER
Clinical staging: limits. I.
* limit of TNM system = most PC are now
diagnosed as T1c (by needle biopsy, often
because ↑ PSA) or T2 (still confined within
prostate) disease, leading to attempts at refining
prediction of local disease extent:
- multiplex staging models (based on a
combination of findings of digital examination,
biopsy, Gleason score and baseline PSA);
- models based on no. of cores and % of each
core involved by tumor;
* unproven efficacy at predicting node
involvement