An Introduction to Neutron Scattering - Spallation Neutron Source

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$Powder Diffraction - Spallation Neutron Source$

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Triple Axis Spectrometers Have Mapped Phonons Dispersion Relations in Many Materials • Point by point measurement in (Q,E) space • Usually keep either k I or k F fixed • Choose Brillouin zone (I.e. G) to maximize scattering cross section for phonons • Scan usually either at constant-Q (Brockhouse invention) or constant-E Phonon dispersion of 36 Ar
What Use Have Phonon Measurements Been? • Quantifying interatomic potentials in metals, rare gas solids, ionic crystals, covalently bonded materials etc • Quantifying anharmonicity (I.e. phonon-phonon interactions) • Measuring soft modes at 2 nd order structural phase transitions • Electron-phonon interactions including Kohn anomalies • Roton dispersion in liquid He • Relating phonons to other properties such as superconductivity, anomalous lattice expansion etc
Page 1 and 2:
y Roger Pynn Los Alamos National La
Page 3 and 4:
Why do Neutron Scattering? • To d
Page 5 and 6:
The Neutron has Both Particle-Like
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Thermal Neutrons, 8 keV X-Rays & Lo
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Brightness & Fluxes for Neutron & X
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Scattering by a Single (fixed) Nucl
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Coherent and Incoherent Scattering
Page 15 and 16:
so or ie Coherent Elastic Scatterin
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Neutrons can also gain or lose ener
Page 19 and 20:
Magnetic Scattering • The magneti
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Ene rgy Trans fe r (me V) 10000 100
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References • Introduction to the
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Overview 1. Essential messages from
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What Do We Need to Do a Basic Neutr
Page 29 and 30:
About 1.5 Useful Neutrons Are Produ
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The ESRF* & ILL* With Grenoble & th
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Neutron Sources Provide Neutrons fo
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Proton Radiography 800-MeV Linear A
Page 37 and 38:
Components of a Spallation Source A
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Simultaneously Using Neutrons With
Page 41 and 42:
The Actual ToF Gain From Source Pul
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Why Isn’t There a Universal Neutr
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• Uncertainties in the neutron wa
Page 47 and 48:
Typical Neutron Scattering Instrume
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Most Neutron Detectors Use 3 He •
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Rotating Choppers Are Used to Tailo
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3. Diffraction Next Lecture 1. Diff
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2. Diffraction This Lecture 1. Diff
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Neutron Diffraction • Neutron dif
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For Periodic Arrays of Nuclei, Cohe
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We would be better off if diffracti
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Powder - A Polycrystalline Mass All
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Measuring Neutron Diffraction Patte
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Time-of-Flight Powder Diffraction U
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There’s more than meets the eye i
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How good is this function? Protein
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High-resolution Neutron Powder Diff
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Texture Measurement by Diffraction
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Definitions of Stress and Strain
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Why use Metal Matrix Composites ? F
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Neutron Diffraction Measures Mean R
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Deformation Mechanism in U/Nb Alloy
Page 85 and 86:
Obtaining the Pair Distribution Fun
Page 87 and 88:
Effect of Doping on the Octahedra
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Surface Reflection Is Very Differen
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What Is the Neutron Wavevector Insi
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Only Those Thermal or Cold Neutrons
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What do the Amplitudes a R and a T
Page 97 and 98:
Fresnel’s Law for a Thin Film •
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Reflection by a Graded Interface io
Page 101 and 102:
Direct Inversion of Reflectivity Da
Page 103 and 104: 4 R*Q z 10 -7 10 -8 10 -9 1.3% PEG
Page 105 and 106: Polarized Neutron Reflectometry (PN
Page 107 and 108: Reflection from Rough Surfaces z z
Page 109 and 110: fi fi fi Q =kf -ki Qx-Qz Transforma
Page 111 and 112: Observation of Hexagonal Packing of
Page 113 and 114: This Lecture 5. Small Angle Neutron
Page 115 and 116: Two Views of the Components of a Ty
Page 117 and 118: Where Does SANS Fit As a Structural
Page 119 and 120: Instrumental Resolution for SANS Tr
Page 121 and 122: SANS Measures Particle Shapes and I
Page 123 and 124: Examples of Spherically-Averaged Fo
Page 125 and 126: Correlations Can Be Measured in Con
Page 127 and 128: Radius of Gyration Is the Particle
Page 129 and 130: Contrast & Contrast Matching Water
Page 131 and 132: Verification of of the Gaussian Coi
Page 133 and 134: Porod Scattering function. n correl
Page 135 and 136: ln(I) Typical Intensity Plot for SA
Page 137 and 138: References • Viewgraphs describin
Page 139 and 140: We Have Seen How Neutron Scattering
Page 141 and 142: The Elastic & Inelastic Scattering
Page 143 and 144: Examples of S(Q,ω) and S s(Q,ω)
Page 145 and 146: Inelastic Magnetic Scattering of Ne
Page 147 and 148: Measured Inelastic Neutron Scatteri
Page 149 and 150: Atomic Motions for Longitudinal & T
Page 151 and 152: Phonons - the Classical Use for Ine
Page 153: The Accessible Energy and Wavevecto
Page 157 and 158: Time-of-flight Methods Can Give Com
Page 159 and 160: Neutron Spin Echo By Roger Pynn* Lo
Page 161 and 162: • Uncertainties in the neutron wa
Page 163 and 164: The Underlying Physics of Neutron S
Page 165 and 166: How does a Neutron Spin Behave when
Page 167 and 168: The Principles of NSE are Very Simp
Page 169 and 170: For Quasi-elastic Scattering, the E
Page 171 and 172: Neutron counts ( per 50 sec) Neutro
Page 173 and 174: Field-Integral Inhomogeneities caus
Page 175 and 176: Neutron Spin Echo study of Deformat
Page 177 and 178: Neutron Spin Phases NRSE spectromet
Page 179 and 180: The Measured Polarization for NRSE
Page 181 and 182: Measuring Line Shapes for Inelastic
Page 183 and 184: “Phonon Focusing” • For a sin
Page 185 and 186: An NRSE Triple Axis Spectrometer at
Page 187 and 188: “Tilted” Fields for Diffraction
Page 189 and 190: Spin Echo SANS using Magnetic Films
Page 191: Conclusion: NSE Provides a Way to S
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An Introduction to Neutron Scattering - Spallation Neutron Source

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